Graeco-Phrygian
Graeco-Phrygian (/ˌɡriːkoʊˈfrɪdʒiən/) is a hypothetical clade of the Indo-European language family with two branches in turn: Greek and Phrygian. Greek has also been variously grouped with Armenian and Indo-Iranian (Graeco-Armenian; Graeco-Aryan), Ancient Macedonian (Graeco-Macedonian) and, more recently, Messapian. Greek and Ancient Macedonian are often classified under Hellenic; at other times, Hellenic is posited to consist of only Greek dialects. The linguist Václav Blažek states that, in regard to the classification of these languages, their surviving texts—because of their scarcity and/or their nature—cannot be quantified.[2]
| Graeco-Phrygian | |
|---|---|
| Greco-Phrygian | |
| Geographic distribution | — |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | grae1234[1] |
| Hypothetical Indo-European phylogenetic clades |
|---|
| Balkan |
| Other |
The linguist Claude Brixhe points to the following features Greek and Phrygian are known to have in common and in common with no other language:[3]
- a certain class of masculine nouns in the nominative singular ending in -s
- a certain class of denominal verbs
- the pronoun auto-
- the participial suffix -meno-
- the stem kako-
- and the conjunction ai
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Graeco-Phrygian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Blažek (2005, p. 6)
- Brixhe (2008)
Bibliography
- Blažek, Václav (November 2005). "On the internal classification of Indo-European languages: survey" (PDF). Linguistica Online. ISSN 1801-5336.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Brixhe, Claude (2008). "Phrygian". In Woodard, Roger D. (ed.). The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. Cambridge University Press. p. 72.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Further reading
- Blažek, Václav (2005). "Paleo-Balkanian Languages I: Hellenic Languages" (PDF). Sborník prací Filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity. 10. Brno: Masarykova univerzita. pp. 15–33. ISBN 80-210-3784-9.
- Brixhe, Claude (2002). "Interactions between Greek and Phrygian under the Roman Empire". In Adams, J. N.; Janse, Mark (eds.). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 246–266.
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2011). Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction (2nd ed.). Blackwell. pp. 203, 252.
- Masson, Olivier (1991). "Anatolian Languages". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–9.
- Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2008–2009). "Phrygian & Greek" (PDF). Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. 40–41. pp. 181–217. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.