Denominal verb

English examples are to school, from school, meaning to instruct; to shelve, from shelf, meaning to put on shelves; and to symbolize, from symbol, meaning to be a symbol for.

Some common denominalizing affixes in English are -ize/-ise (e.g., summarize), -ify (e.g., classify), -ate (e.g., granulate), en- (e.g., enslave), be- (e.g., behead), and zero or -∅ (e.g., school).[1]

A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb; there is no simple relationship between the affix and the semantic relation:[1]

• resultative: to make something into an X, e.g., victimize, cash
• locative: to put something in X, e.g., box, hospitalize
• instrumental: to use X, e.g., sponge, hammer
• ablative, privative: to remove X from something, e.g., shell (peas), behead, bone
• ornative: to add X to something or to cover something with X, e.g., rubberize, salt
• similative: to act like or resemble X, e.g., tyrannize, guard
• performative: to do or perform X, e.g., botanize, tango

In Rgyalrong languages, denominal derivation are extremely developed and have given rise to incorporating and antipassive constructions (Jacques 2012, 2014).

Many Latin verbs are denominal.[2] For example, the first declension verb coronare (to crown) is derived from corona (a crown),[2] and the fourth declension verbs mollire (to soften) and servire (to serve) are derived from mollis (soft) and servus (a slave) respectively.[3]

• Deverbal noun, where the noun is formed from the verb

• Jacques, Guillaume (2012). "From Denominal Derivation to Incorporation". Lingua. 122 (11): 1027–1231. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2012.05.010.
• Jacques, Guillaume (2014). "Denominal affixes as sources of antipassive markers in Japhug Rgyalrong". Lingua. 138: 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2013.09.011.