Glyptemys

The taxonomic classification of Emydidae turtles has been eventful and many schools of thought are given about how the different genera and species should be arranged.[3]

Before 2001, the bog and wood turtles were members of the genus Clemmys, but they were moved to a newly created genus, Glyptemys, after further morphological and genetic analyses revealed they were much closer relatives to each other than to the spotted turtle.[4] The bog turtle and wood turtle have similar genetic makeups that are marginally different from that of the spotted turtle, the only current member of the genus Clemmys.[5] The western pond turtle was also a former member of Clemmys, but it was recently moved to the genus Actinemys, of which it is now the only member.[6] Both Glyptemys turtles have karyotypes of 50 chromosomes.[7][8]

The several common names for the bog include mud turtle, marsh turtle, yellowhead, and snapper[9] while the wood may be referred to as the sculptured tortoise, red-legged tortoise, or redleg.[4]

Although the Glyptemys turtles may not be the same size, they share certain morphological and genetic attributes.

Glyptemys turtles are small to medium in size:[4][10] the bog turtle males grow to be 9.4 cm (3.7 in) and females 8.9 cm (3.5 in)[10] while wood turtles of either gender reach 14 to 20 cm (5.5 to 7.9 in) in length.[11] Bog turtles weigh 110 g (3.9 oz)[12] and wood turtles average 1 kg (2.2 lb) at maturity.[13] The bog can be recognized by small, bright blotches on each side of its neck [9] and the wood by its dark gray to black head and bright orange coloration on its ventral surfaces.[4]

The wood turtle's distribution (left) extends farther north than the bog turtle's (right)

Glyptemys turtles are endemic to eastern North America. Their collective range extends from Nova Scotia south to Georgia and from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota.[8][14] These turtles are semiaquatic and are commonly found in bogs, fens,[15] and small streams which have soft yet compacted, sandy bottoms.[16]

These turtles are diurnal and become active in the early morning.[1][18] During extremely cold days, they each may spend time under water, while the bog has been known to also seek dense underbrush or mud in which to bury itself.[19] Excessively hot days sometimes causes these turtles to estivate.[16][20]

Both species are protected throughout their ranges. The bog turtle is considered Critically endangered,[21] while the wood turtle is labeled as endangered, a less dire rating.[22]

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

• Bickham, John; James Parham; Hans-Dieter Philippen; Andres Rhodin; Bradley Shaffer; Phillip Spinks; Peter Paul Van Dijk (2007). "Turtle Taxonomy: Methodology, Recommendations, and Guidelines" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs: 73–84. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
• Bloomer, Tom J. (2004) [1970]. The Bog Turtle, Glyptemys muhlenbergii... A Natural History (PDF). Gainesville, Florida: LongWing Press. OCLC 57994322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2008-12-17.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Bowen, Kenneth; James C. Gillingham (2004). "R9 Species Conservation Assessment for Wood Turtle – Glyptemys insculpta (LeConte, 1830)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-05-12.
• Ernst, C. H.; Lovich, J. E. (2009). Turtles of the United States and Canada (2 ed.). JHU Press. pp. 250–271. ISBN 978-0-8018-9121-2.
• Shiels, Andrew L. (2007). "Bog Turtles Slipping Away" (PDF). Nongame and Endangered Species Unit. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Fish and Boat Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
• Smith, Erika (October 2006). "Bog Turtle" (PDF). National Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
• Walton, Elizabeth M. (2006). "II. Literature Review" (PDF). Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Science to Predict and Delineate Critical Habitat for the Bog Turtle, Glyptemys muhlenbergii (M.A. thesis). University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
• "Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta" (PDF). nhesp.org. Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. 2007. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
• "Assessment and Update Status Report on the Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta in Canada" (PDF). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2007. pp. iv-42. Retrieved 2010-05-16.