Bothremydidae
Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles. They belong to suborder Pleurodira and the order Testudines. Like their modern relatives, bothremydidids often inhabited freshwater habitats, but several species were instead marine;[1] they are unrelated to modern sea turtles. They were actively mobile omnivores. They became extinct in the Oligocene or Miocene.[2][3]
| Bothremydidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gafsachelys spp. skull | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Hyperfamily: | †Pelomedusoides |
| Family: | †Bothremydidae Baur, 1891 |
The family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes.[4]
Bothremydidae
- Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
- Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al., 2006
- Araiochelys Gaffney et al., 2006
- Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al., 2006
- Bothremys Leidy, 1865 (jr synonym: Karkaemys)
- Bothremys arabicus (Zalmout et al., 2005)
- Bothremys cooki Leidy, 1865
- Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al., 2006
- Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al., 2006
- Chedighaii Gaffney et al., 2006
- Chedighaii barberi (Schmidt, 1940)
- Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al., 2006
- Rosasia Costa, 1940
- Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa, 1940
- Inaechelys Carvalho, 2016
- Inaechelys pernambucensis Caralho, 2016
- Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
- Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
- Araiochelys Gaffney et al., 2006
- Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al., 2006
- Elochelys Nopsca, 1931
- Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al., 2002
- Elochelys perfecta Nopsca, 1931
- Foxemys Tong et al., 1998
- Foxemys mechinorum Tong '"et al., 1998
- Polysternon Portis, 1882
- Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga, 1996
- Polysternon provinciale (Matheron, 1869)
- Puentemys Cadena et al., 2012
- Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al.'", 2012
- Elochelys Nopsca, 1931
- Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al., 2006
- Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Ilatardia Pérez-García, 2019
- Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al., 2006
- Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
- Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
- Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
- Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al., 2006
- Azabbaremys Gaffney et al., 2001
- Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al., 2001
- Eotaphrosphys Perez-Garcia, 2018
- Eotaphrosphys ambiguum (Gaudry, 1890)
- Motelomama Perez-Garcia, 2018
- Motelomama olssoni (Schmidt, 1931)
- Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong, 2003
- Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong, 2003
- Rhothonemys Gaffney et al., 2006
- Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al., 2006
- Taphrosphys Cope, 1869 (jr synonyms: Amblypeza, Bantuchelys, Prochonias)
- Taphrosphys congolensis (Dollo, 1912)
- Taphrosphys dares Hay, 1908 (nomen dubium)
- Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al., 2006
- Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856)
- Ummulisani Gaffney et al., 2006
- Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al., 2006
- Crassachelys (nomen dubium)
- Crassachelys neurirregularis (Bergounioux, 1952)
- Eusarkia (nomen dubium)
- Gafsachelys Stefano, 1903 (nomen dubium)
- Labrostochelys Gaffney et al., 2006
- Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Azabbaremys Gaffney et al., 2001
- Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Cearachelys Gaffney et al.,
- Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al., 2001
- Galianemys Gaffney et al., 2002
- Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al., 2002
- Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al., 2002
- Cearachelys Gaffney et al.,
- Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
- Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al., 2006
- Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al., 2009
- Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al., 2009
- Kurmademys Gaffney et al., 2001
- Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al., 2001
- Sankuchemys Gaffney et al., 2003
- Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al., 2003
- Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al., 2009
- Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al., 2006
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram by Gaffney et al. in 2006:[2]
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References
- Anny Rafaela de Araújo Carvalho; Aline Marcele Ghilardi; Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto (2016). "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil". Zootaxa 4126 (4): 491–513. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.3.
- Gaffney, E. S.; Tong, H.; Meylan, P. A. (2006-11-17). "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 300: 1–700. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)300[1:EOTSTT]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5824.
- Adán Pérez-García, A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina, The Science of Nature August 2016, 103:50 First online: 04 June 2016
- The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011
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