Furry Dance

The children's dance involves over 1,000 children aged from 7 to 18, all dressed in white, the boys with lily of the valley buttonholes and the girls wearing flowers in their hair, the flower determined by the school they attend. They come from St Michael's School, Nansloe School, Parc Eglos School, and Helston Community College: each year a different school leads the dance.

The boys wear their school colours in the form of school ties, and the girls wear matching coloured flowers (blue cornflowers for St Michael's, forget-me-nots for Helston Community College, daisies for Nansloe and poppies and buttercups for Parc Eglos) in their hair.

The girls wear white dresses following the school rules and boys white shirt and trousers. They all dance around Helston town and older students for longer than others. By the end the older students from Helston Community College have danced for at least an hour and a half.

The Hal-an-Tow in Coinagehall Street

The Hal-an-Tow, which takes place on the same day, is a kind of mystery play with various historical and mythical themes. The Hal-an-Tow Pageant starts at St John's Bridge and is performed at 7 locations around the town.[6] (Note that location 4 is now further south by the car park on Wendron Street.) Characters include Friar Tuck, Robin Hood, St. George, and St. Michael. The Hal an Tow song welcomes the coming of summer.[5] It contains disparaging references to the Spaniards, probably referring to the Spanish raid on Newlyn in 1595. The Helston Furry Dance is no. 135 in Palmer's Everyman's Book of English Country Songs.[2]

The meaning of Hal-an-tow is unclear*. The word kalann means the first of the month in Cornish,[7] but the first letter mutates to an "h" in some circumstances. It has been suggested that "tow" means garland in Cornish. This is not correct.[8] Some have suggested that Hal an Tow means raise the roof".[9] In Helston tow is pronounced to rhyme with cow and not toe. The Cornish word "tew" means fat,[10] and a recent explanation of the name is that Hal an Tow means the eve of the fattening time. The version of the Hal an Tow sung by the Watersons and other folk groups has never been sung in Helston. The Helston song does not include the verse about cuckolds and horns. These words appear to have been added from Shakespeare's play As You Like It at some time by someone who does not know the history of the Helston song. See for example the version in Sabine Baring Gould's Songs of the West (which contains errors) and the versions in Canow Kernow edited by Inglis Gundry,[11] such as the one recorded by William Sandys in 1846. The words of the Hal an Tow as it is currently sung in Helston are:
Chorus
Robin Hood and Little John,
They both are gone to fair, O
And we will to the merry green wood
To see what they do there, O
And for to chase, O
To chase the buck and doe.
Chorus
Where are those Spaniards
That make so great a boast, O?
For they shall eat the grey goose feather
And we will eat the roast, O
In every land, O
The land where-e'er we go.
Chorus
St Piran showed his care for us
And all our sons and daughters, O
He brought the book of Christendom
Across the western waters, O
And taught the love of Heaven above
For Cornishmen below.
Chorus
As for that good knight, St George
St George he was a knight, O
Of all the knights in Christendom
St George he is the right, O
In every land, O
The land where-e'er we go.
Chorus
But to a greater than St George
Our Helston has a right, O
St Michael with his wings outspread,
The archangel so bright, O
Who fought the fiend, O
Of all mankind the foe.
Chorus
God bless Aunt Mary Moses
And all her power and might, O
And send us peace in merry England
Both day and night, O.
And send us peace in merry England
Both now and ever more, O.
Chorus
Chorus:
Hal-an-tow, jolly rumble, O.
For we are up as soon as any day, O
And for to fetch the Summer home, The Summer and the May, O
For Summer is a-come, O,
And Winter is a-gone, O.

The verse about St Michael was added in the 1930s by Robert Morton Nance. The St Piran verse was added in 2005. The Aunt Mary Moses verse is only performed at the first location, at St John's Bridge, and the last location, by the Guild Hall.

The music is provided by Helston Town Band, augmented by members of other local bands. They play from memory, as it is suggested that the music for the dance has never been written down.[12] However it was at various times, such as by Davies Gilbert in 1823.[13] In 1890 Cornish antiquarian M. A. Courtney wrote that the tune was sometimes known as "John the Bone".[14] the following rhyme often being attached to the tune by local children, "John the Bone was walking home, / When he met with Sally Dover, / He kissed her once, / He kissed her twice, / And kissed her three times over".

In 1911 Katie Moss, a London composer visiting Helston, observed the Furry Dance and joined in the dancing herself in the evening. On the train home she wrote words and music of a song about her experience, calling the song "The Floral Dance". She quotes the Furry Dance tune in the piano accompaniment to the chorus – though altering the melody in two bars. This song was soon published by Chappell & Co., and first performed by baritone Thorpe Bates the same year.

The first recording of the song was made by Peter Dawson on the Zonophone label in 1912. It has since been recorded by many other artists. A bass baritone version of the song was recorded by Inia te Wiata and was released posthumously in a collection called "Just call me Happy". In 1976 the Brighouse and Rastrick Brass Band recorded an arrangement of the Moss song made by their Musical Director Derek Broadbent. By Christmas 1977 half a million copies of the record had been sold, and it was only kept from the top position in the Christmas charts by Paul McCartney's 'Mull of Kintyre'.

In January 1978 a vocal version by Terry Wogan accompanied by the Hanwell Band reached number 21 on the UK singles chart. Wogan did not include the last verse (the climax of the story) in this recording. The BBC recorded the Band playing for the dance on 8 May 1943 and this recording is included in The Voice of the People vol. 16: You lazy lot of bone-shakers, issued by Topic Records in 1998.[15]

Similar customs can be found in, amongst other places, Biewer, a district of Trier (Germany), where the annual "Schärensprung" takes place and in Echternach (Luxembourg). There are also similarities with the 'Obby 'Oss festival in Padstow, Cornwall, and with similar events in Minehead, Somerset, and Combe Martin in Devon. A Flora Dance takes place through the narrow streets of Fowey, Cornwall during its annual Regatta Week in the third week of August.

• List of topics related to Cornwall
• 'Obby 'Oss festival

• Helston History
• Helston Town Band Website
• Helston Flora Day – The Music
• Hal-an-Tow and Flora Day songs, dances and play
• Helston Hal-an-Tow, 2010 (video). Characters in the dance include a dragon, a knight, and a millstone. A Green Man banner is seen as the group retires.
• Helston Hal-an-Tow, 2011 (video). The dance is preceded by a proclamation in Cornish. It includes some symbolic fighting with staves.
• Helston Furry Dance, the morning dance 2011 (video). The dance at 7 a.m. is led by a brass band, followed by the mayor, then couples in frocks or white shirts. All participants wear a sprig of lily of the valley.
• Helston Furry Dance, the morning dance 2008 (video). The dance leaves the guildhall at 7 a.m., and winds through the streets and in and out of shops.
• Helston Furry Dance, 2009 (video). Several dances throughout the day are led by a brass band. The children's dance is performed by students dressed in white. The Midday dance comprises adults in suits & top hats or gowns & bonnets.
• Hal-an-Tow sung by the Watersons in 1965 on their BBC TV documentary, Travelling for a Living (video)
• Hal-an-Tow lyrics. Note the reference to the pagan deities, the Lord and Lady.