Festivus

Festivus is a secular holiday celebrated on December 23 as an alternative to the pressures and commercialism of the Christmas season. Originally created by author Daniel O'Keefe, Festivus entered popular culture after it was made the focus of the 1997 Seinfeld episode "The Strike",[1][2] which O'Keefe's son, Dan O'Keefe, co-wrote.

This article is about the December observance. For other uses, see Festivus (disambiguation).

Festivus
Festivus pole
TypeSecular
SignificanceA holiday celebrated as an alternative to the pressures and commercialism of the Christmas holiday season.
CelebrationsAiring of Grievances, Feats of Strength, the aluminum pole, Festivus dinner, Festivus miracles
DateDecember 23
FrequencyAnnual

The non-commercial holiday's celebration, as depicted on Seinfeld, occurs on December 23 and includes a Festivus dinner, an unadorned aluminum Festivus pole, practices such as the "Airing of Grievances" and "Feats of Strength", and the labeling of easily explainable events as "Festivus miracles."[3] The episode refers to it as "a Festivus for the rest of us".

It has been described both as a parody holiday festival and as a form of playful consumer resistance.[4] Journalist Allen Salkin describes it as "the perfect secular theme for an all-inclusive December gathering".[1]

History

Festivus was conceived by author and editor Daniel O'Keefe, the father of TV writer Dan O'Keefe, and was celebrated by his family as early as 1966. While the Latin word festivus means "excellent, jovial, lively",[5][6] and derives from festus, meaning "joyous; holiday, feast day",[7][8][9] Festivus in this sense was coined by the elder O'Keefe. According to him, the name "just popped into my head".[1] In the original O'Keefe tradition, the holiday would take place to celebrate the anniversary of Daniel O'Keefe's first date with his future wife, Deborah.[10] The phrase "a Festivus for the rest of us" originally referred to those remaining after the death of the elder O'Keefe's mother, Jeanette, in 1976; i.e., the "rest of us" are the living, as opposed to the dead.[11][12]

In 1982, Daniel O'Keefe wrote a book, Stolen Lightning: The Social Theory of Magic, that deals with idiosyncratic ritual and its social significance, a theme relevant to Festivus tradition.[13]

It is now celebrated on December 23, as depicted in the Seinfeld episode written by the younger O'Keefe.[2]

Seinfeld

The Seinfeld episode that featured Festivus was titled "The Strike", although O'Keefe notes that the writers later wished they had named it "The Festivus". It was first broadcast on December 18, 1997. The plot revolves around Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards) returning to work at his old job, H&H Bagels. While dining at Monk's Restaurant, as George Costanza (Jason Alexander) is opening his mail, he receives a card from his father saying, "Dear Son, Happy Festivus." This leads to Jerry Seinfeld and Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) discussing George's father's creation of Festivus despite George not wanting it to be discussed.[3] Kramer then becomes interested in resurrecting the holiday when, at the bagel shop, Frank Costanza (Jerry Stiller) tells him how he created Festivus as an alternative holiday in response to the commercialization of Christmas.[3]

Meanwhile, George creates donation cards for a fake charity called The Human Fund (with the slogan "Money for People") in lieu of having to give office Christmas presents. When his boss, Mr. Kruger (Daniel von Bargen), questions George about a $20,000 check he gave George to donate to the Human Fund as a corporate donation, George hastily concocts the excuse that he made up the Human Fund because he feared persecution for his beliefs, of celebrating Festivus instead of Christmas. Attempting to call his bluff, Kruger goes home with George to see Festivus in action.[3]

Kramer eventually goes back on strike from his bagel-vendor job when his manager tells him he cannot take December 23 off to celebrate his new-found holiday. Kramer is then seen on the sidewalk picketing H&H Bagels, carrying a sign reading "Festivus yes! Bagels no!" and chanting to anyone passing the store: "Hey! No bagel, no bagel, no bagel..."[3]

Finally, at Frank's house in Queens, Jerry, Elaine, Kramer, and George gather to celebrate Festivus. George brings Kruger to prove to him that Festivus is "all too real".[3]

O'Keefe was initially reluctant to insert his family's tradition into this episode, but when executive producers Alec Berg and Jeff Schaffer caught wind of the bizarre holiday through his younger brother, they became curious, then enthusiastic, then insisted it have a place in the episode. Schaffer later reflected: "That's the thing with Seinfeld stories, the real ones are always the best ones. There's a nuance to reality sometimes that is just perfect. We could have sat in a room for a billion years and we never would have made up Festivus. It's crazy and hilarious and just so funny and so disturbing. It's awesome."[14]

Customary practices
"Happy Festivus" embroidered on a yarmulke.

The holiday, as portrayed in the Seinfeld episode,[1][15] includes practices such as the "Airing of Grievances", which occurs during the Festivus meal and in which each person tells everyone else all the ways they have disappointed them over the past year. After the meal, the "Feats of Strength" are performed, involving wrestling the head of the household to the floor, with the holiday ending only if the head of the household is pinned.[3]

Festivus pole

In the episode, the tradition of Festivus begins with an aluminum pole. Frank Costanza cites its "very high strength-to-weight ratio" as appealing. During Festivus, the pole is displayed unadorned. According to Frank, "I find tinsel distracting."

Dan O'Keefe credits fellow Seinfeld writer Jeff Schaffer with introducing the concept. The aluminum pole was not part of the original O'Keefe family celebration, which centered on putting a clock in a bag and nailing it to a wall.[16]

Festivus dinner

In "The Strike", a celebratory dinner is shown on the evening of Festivus prior to the Feats of Strength and during the Airing of Grievances. The on-air meal shows Estelle Costanza serving a sliced reddish meatloaf-shaped food on a bed of lettuce.[17] In the episode no alcohol is served at the dinner, but George's boss, Mr. Kruger, drinks something from a hip flask.[3]

The original holiday dinner in the O'Keefe household featured turkey or ham as described in Dan O'Keefe's The Real Festivus.[11]

Airing of Grievances

The "Airing of Grievances" takes place immediately after the Festivus dinner has been served. In the television episode, Frank Costanza began it with the phrase, "I got a lotta problems with you people, and now you're going to hear about it!" It consists of each person lashing out at others and the world about how they have been disappointed in the past year.[18]

Feats of Strength

The Feats of Strength are the final tradition observed in the celebration of Festivus, celebrated immediately following (or in the case of "The Strike", during) the Festivus dinner. The head of the household selects one person at the Festivus celebration and challenges them to a wrestling match. Tradition states Festivus is not over until the head of the household is pinned. In "The Strike", however, Kramer manages to circumvent the rule by creating an excuse to leave. The Feats of Strength are mentioned twice in the episode before they take place. In both instances, no detail was given as to what had happened, but in both instances, George Costanza ran out of the coffee shop in a mad panic, implying he had bad experiences with the Feats of Strength in the past. What the Feats of Strength entailed was revealed at the very end of the episode, when it took place. Failing to pin the head of the household results in Festivus continuing until such requirement is met.[3]

Festivus miracles

Cosmo Kramer twice declares a "Festivus Miracle" during the Festivus celebration in the Costanza household. Kramer causes the occurrence of two "miracles" by inviting two off-track betting bookies (Tracy Letts and Colin Malone) to dinner with Elaine (men whom Elaine wished to avoid), and by causing Jerry's girlfriend Gwen to believe that Jerry was cheating on her.[19]

Wider adoption
A desktop Festivus pole in an office cubicle.

Some people, most of them inspired by the Seinfeld episode,[1] subsequently began to celebrate the holiday with varying degrees of seriousness. Allen Salkin's 2005 book Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of Us[10] chronicles the early adoption of Festivus. Rabbi Joshua Eli Plaut's 2012 book A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to Be Jewish' references Festivus.[20]

During the Baltimore Ravens' run to the Super Bowl XXXV Championship in 2000, head coach Brian Billick superstitiously issued an organizational ban on the use of the word "playoffs" until the team had clinched its first postseason berth.[21] "Playoffs" was instead referred to as "Festivus" and the Super Bowl as "Festivus Maximus".[22]

In 2005, Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle was declared "Governor Festivus", and during the holiday season displayed a Festivus Pole in the family room of the Executive Residence in Madison, Wisconsin.[23] Governor Doyle's 2005 Festivus Pole is now part of the collection of the Wisconsin Historical Museum.[24]

In 2010, a CNN story featuring Jerry Stiller detailed the increasing popularity of the holiday, including US Representative Eric Cantor's Festivus fundraiser,[25] and the Christian Science Monitor reported that Festivus was a top trend on Twitter that year.[26]

In 2012, Google introduced a custom search result for the term "Festivus". In addition to the normal results, an unadorned aluminum pole was displayed running down the side of the list of search results and "A festivus miracle!" prefixes the results count and speed.[27][28] Also in 2012, a Festivus Pole was erected on city property in Deerfield Beach, Florida, alongside religious-themed holiday displays.[29] A similar Festivus Pole was displayed next to religious displays in the Wisconsin State Capitol, along with a banner provided by the Freedom From Religion Foundation advocating for the separation of government and religion.[30]

In 2013 and 2014, a Festivus Pole constructed with 6 feet (1.8 m) of beer cans was erected next to a nativity scene and other religious holiday displays in the Florida State Capitol Building, as a protest supporting separation of church and state.[30] In 2015, the same man was granted permission to display a Festivus pole decorated with a gay pride theme and topped with a disco ball to celebrate the United States Supreme Court's decision on same-sex marriage, at state capitols in Florida,[31] Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Washington.[32]

In 2016, US Senator Rand Paul released a special Festivus edition of The Waste Report.[33] The Festivus "airing of grievances" has become an annual tradition for Paul on Twitter.[34][35][36]

In 2016, the Tampa Bay Times became the first newspaper to allow readers to submit Festivus grievances through its website, with the promise to publish them on December 23, the day of the Festivus holiday.[37]

In 2017, CNN's Jake Tapper recapped President Donald Trump's berating of the news media as "instead of focusing on his accomplishments and offering an optimistic positive view of what he's doing for this country, it was an airing of grievances, it was Festivus, it was complaints about the media."[38] On Christmas Eve 2017, a meme circulated on social media of a screenshot depicting Fox News contributor Tomi Lahren delivering a Fox News Alert in which the lower third graphic overlay had been photoshopped to read, "Tomi: Obama Created Festivus to Destroy Christmas." In response, Lahren tweeted, "You idiots think this is real?" and called the meme "fake news."[39]

In Pittsburgh, an annual public Festivus celebration has been held since 2005, featuring live bands, a Seinfeld trivia contest, and the holiday traditions. In 2017, the Pittsburgh City Paper called its 13th iteration "the longest-running celebration of Sein-Culture in the 'Burgh".[40]

In 2018, a Newsweek article was titled "Donald Trump Calls Troops On Thanksgiving But Ends Up Having A Festivus Airing Of Grievances".[41]

In 2018 it was proposed that an unnamed lane in Corrimal, New South Wales be named Festivus Lane, which went through successfully.[42]

O'Keefe family practices

The O'Keefe family holiday featured other practices, as detailed in The Real Festivus (2005), a book by Daniel O'Keefe's son, Dan O'Keefe.[11][43] Besides providing a first-person account of the early version of the Festivus holiday as celebrated by the O'Keefe family, the book relates how Dan O'Keefe amended or replaced details of his father's invention to create the Seinfeld episode.[44]

Festivus clock

In a 2013 CNN segment on the origins of Festivus, O'Keefe spoke about the real-life experiences related to the holiday. O'Keefe's father, who originated some of the now-recognized Festivus traditions, used a clock in a bag nailed to a wall, not an aluminum pole. It was never the same bag, rarely the same clock, but always the same wall. The nailing was most often done in secret, and then revealed proudly to his family. The younger O'Keefe told CNN: "The real symbol of the holiday was a clock that my dad put in a bag and nailed to the wall every year...I don't know why, I don't know what it means, he would never tell me. He would always say, 'That's not for you to know.'"[16]

See also

References
  1. Salkin, Allen (December 19, 2004). "Fooey to the World: Festivus Is Come". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2008.
  2. "Festivus for the rest of us". LJWorld. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  3. "The Strike". Seinfeld Scripts. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  4. Mikkonen, Ilona; Bajde, Domen (April 10, 2012). "Happy Festivus! Parody as playful consumer resistance". Consumption Markets & Culture. 16 (4): 311–337. doi:10.1080/10253866.2012.662832.
  5. "festivus". Words. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  6. https://logeion.uchicago.edu/festivus. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. "Latin Word Lookup". archives.nd.edu.
  8. "festus". Words. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  9. "Our day, our way". Journal Sentinel Online. Archived from the original on December 17, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  10. Allen Salkin (2005). Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of us. ISBN 978-0-446-69674-6.
  11. O'Keefe, Dan. The Real Festivus. Perigee, 2005.
  12. O'Keefe, Dan (December 21, 2009). "Festivus". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015.
  13. O'Keefe, Daniel Lawrence (1982). Stolen Lightning : The Social Theory of Magic. New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-0059-8.
  14. "Stop Crying And Fight Your Father: Seinfeld Writers Tell How Festivus Came To Be". UPROXX. December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  15. Ravitz, Jessica. "Seinfeld' over, but Festivus keeps giving". CNN.com. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  16. "The Origins of Festivus |". cnn.com. December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  17. "Festivus Dinner". Festivusweb.com. December 18, 1997. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  18. "Happy Festivus | A Festivus for the Rest of Us! | Festivus Feats of Strength, Festivus Airing of Grievances, Festivus Pole". Festivusweb.com. December 18, 1997. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  19. "Festivus Miracle | Festivusweb.com | Seinfeld Festivus". Festivusweb.com. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  20. Rutgers University Press, 2012
  21. Cowherd, Kevin. "Suiting up for the big ballgame". baltimoresun.com.
  22. "Mink, Ryan. "9 Forgotten Super Bowl Facts". Baltimore Ravens, Monday, February 1, 2010".
  23. "Gov. Festivus!". madison.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
  24. "Governor Doyle's Festivus Pole". Wisconsin Historical Society. October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  25. "Festivus for the rest of Us! Jerry Stiller on Fake holiday's real popularity". CNN. December 23, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  26. "Festivus becomes worldwide holiday. Break out the Festivus pole!". Christian Science Monitor. December 23, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  27. Cutts, Matt, (December 10, 2012) It's a Festivus miracle when you go to Google and search..., Google+, retrieved December 23, 2013
  28. "Festivus: The Google Easter egg for the rest of us". National Post. December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  29. Funcheon, Deirdra (December 6, 2013). ""Festivus Pole" Made of Beer Cans Approved; Will Go Up in Florida Capitol Next to Jesus' Manger. Deirdra Funcheon. Broward Palm Beach New Times". Blogs.browardpalmbeach.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  30. Farrington, Brendan (December 11, 2013). "Festivus For The Rest Of Us! Florida Atheist Successfully Puts Up Beer Can Pole Display". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  31. "Festivus pole hoisted in Florida Capitol once again". Fox 35 Orlando. December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  32. "Religious Activist Puts Up Gay Pride Festivus Poles At State Capitals". Newsy. December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015. A Florida man used the made-up holiday of Festivus to make a point about the separation of church and state by putting up "gay pride Festivus poles".
  33. Rand Paul (December 17, 2012). "Press Release | Press | News | U.S. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky". Paul.senate.gov. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  34. Le Miere, Jason (December 23, 2018). "Rand Paul Festivus Grievances Target Foreign Policy Establishment: 'You Hate the President, Love War.'" Newsweek. Retrieved from Newsweek.com January 11, 2019.
  35. Rosza, Matthew (December 23, 2018). "Sen. Rand Paul Airs His Festivus Grievances — and Then Honors Bipartisanship." Salon.com. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  36. Gass, Nick (December 23, 2015). "Rand Paul Airs Festivus Grievances." Politico.com. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  37. "Festivus 2016: Submit your grievances here". Tampa Bay Times. December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
  38. Tapper: Trump's presser was unhinged. CNN. February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  39. Levine, Jon (December 26, 2017). "Tomi Lahren Shoots Down Meme: No, I Don't Think 'Obama Created Festivus to Destroy Christmas'". yahoo.com. TheWrap. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  40. "Critics' Pick: Festivus 13 at Howlers". Pittsburgh City Paper. December 20, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  41. "Donald Trump Calls Troops On Thanksgiving But Ends Up Having A Festivus Airing Of Grievances". Newsweek. November 22, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  42. "Wollongong council's plan for a little slice of Seinfeld in Corrimal". Illawarra Mercury. August 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  43. "Dan O'Keefe". Internet Movie Database.
  44. "Origins of Festivus". Retrieved August 19, 2015.
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