Ezekiel 26

Ezekiel 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.

Ezekiel 26
Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.
BookBook of Ezekiel
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part7
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part26

This chapter contains a "Proclamation against Tyre".[1]

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses
The ruins of Tyre

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[2]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[3][lower-alpha 1]

Verse 1
And it came to pass in the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me, saying,[5]

The date corresponds to the year 586 or 585 BCE based on the analysis by German theologian Bernhard Lang.[6]

A marginal note in the Masoretic Text tradition indicates that this is the middle verse of the Book of Ezekiel in Hebrew.[7]

Verse 2
"Son of man, because Tyre has said against Jerusalem, 'Aha! She is broken who was the gateway of the peoples; now she is turned over to me; I shall be filled; she is laid waste.'"[8]
  • "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם ḇen-’ā-ḏām): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.[9]

"Aha" (Hebrew: הֶאָ֔ח, he-’āḥ) is an interjection to express joy or "satisfaction over the misfortune of an enemy or rival" as in Isaiah 44:16, Psalm 35:21, 25, and Psalm 40:16,[10][11] rendered "Good!" in the Holman Christian Standard Bible.[12] Ezekiel 25:3 similarly reports that the Ammonites said "Aha!" over God's sanctuary in Jerusalem when it was profaned.

Tyre, a Phoenician major seaport and leading city, received judgment for gloating when Jerusalem fell.[13] Chapters 27 and 28 also lament the fall of Tyre.

Verses 17-18
And they will take up a lamentation for you, and say to you:
“How you have perished,
O one inhabited by seafaring men,
O renowned city,
Who was strong at sea,
She and her inhabitants,
Who caused their terror to be on all her inhabitants!
Now the coastlands tremble on the day of your fall;
Yes, the coastlands by the sea are troubled at your departure.”[14]

A qinah or lamentation.[15]

Verse 21
"I will make you a terror, and you shall be no more; though you are sought for, you will never be found again", says the Lord God.[16]

Protestant theologian Heinrich Ewald translates, "To sudden death will I bring thee", which corresponds with the margin of the Revised Version, I will make thee a destruction.[17]

See also

Notes
  1. Ezekiel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[4]

References
  1. Ezekiel 26:1-21: NKJV
  2. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35-37.
  3. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
  4. Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
  5. Ezekiel 26:1: NKJV
  6. Lang, Bernhard (1981) Ezechiel. Darmstadt. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesselschaft, cited in Kee et al 2008, p. 209.
  7. Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 23. ISBN 978-0825444593.
  8. Ezekiel 26:2: NKJV
  9. Bromiley 1995, p. 574.
  10. Brown, Briggs & Driver 1994 "הֶאָ֔ח"
  11. Gesenius 1979 "הֶאָ֔ח"
  12. Ezekiel 26:2: HCSB
  13. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1216-1217 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
  14. Ezekiel 26:17-18: NKJV
  15. Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote at Ezekiel 26:17
  16. Ezekiel 26:21: NKJV
  17. Ewald, H., quoted in Pulpit Commentary on Ezekiel 26, accessed 13 December 2019

Bibliography
  • Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z. Eerdmans.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brown, Francis; Briggs, Charles A.; Driver, S. R. (1994). The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (reprint ed.). Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 978-1565632066.
  • Clements, Ronald E (1996). Ezekiel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664252724.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gesenius, H. W. F. (1979). Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. Translated by Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (7th ed.). Baker Book House.
  • Joyce, Paul M. (2009). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Continuum. ISBN 9780567483614.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kee, Howard Clark; Meyers, Eric M.; Rogerson, John; Levine, Amy-Jill; Saldarini, Anthony J. (2008). Chilton, Bruce (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Bible (2, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521691406.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

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