Energy in Mongolia

Mongolia had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 3.94 Mtoe in 2012.[1] Electricity consumption was 4.49 TWh. Mongolia is a big producer of coal, which is mostly exported.[2] Domestic consumption of coal accounts for about two thirds (66%) of Mongolia's primary energy and is the almost sole source of electricity, accounting for almost 95% of the domestic electricity production in 2015.[1]

Electricity generation
Power plant near Ulan Bator
Solar panel in Ögii nuur, Arkhangai Province
See also: List of power stations in Mongolia

In 2010, the total amount of electricity produced by all types of power plant in Mongolia are 4,256.1 GWh (thermal power), 31 GWh (hydroelectric), 13.2 GWh (diesel) and 0.6 GWh (solar and wind).[3] In 2012, coal was used to generate 98% of the electricity in Mongolia.[4]

Electricity generation by power source (GWh)[5]
Year Coal Oil Hydro Wind
2015 4670 10 70 150
2014 4510 10 60 120
2013 4280 10 60 50

Thermal power

Thermal power station is the dominant type of energy production in Mongolia. There are 7 currently active power stations.

List Constructed in Defunct Electrical capacity (MW) Thermal capacity(Gcal/year)
Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 1 1934 1988
Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 2 1961 - 24 55
Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 3 1968 - 186 585
Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant 4 1983 - 700 1373
Baganuur Thermal Plant 1980 - - 300
Erdenet Thermal Power Plant 1987 - 28.8 302.5
Dalanzadgad Thermal Power Plant 2000 -
Darkhan Thermal Power Plant 1965 - 48 1196
Amgalan Thermal Plant 2016 - -
Dornod Thermal Power Plant 1970 36

Renewable energy

In 2018, 7% of Mongolia's electricity came from renewable power sources, mainly wind power.[6] Mongolia has very sunny weather with average insolation above 1,500 kW/m2 in most of the country, making solar power highly available. 247 MW of solar power plants have been approved for construction. Guaranteed power purchase agreements and favorable tariff structures promote further growth of the industry.[6]

Electricity consumption

In 2018, much of Mongolia's electricity consumption was driven by industry and construction.

Mongolian Energy Consumption by Sector[7]
Sector Electricity Consumption (%)
Industry & Construction 47
Transport & Communication 3
Agriculture 1
Household & Communal Housing 18
Others 7
Transmission & Distribution Losses 12
Station Usage 12
Export 0

See also

References
  1. "Mongolia". www.iea.org. International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  2. "Mongolia and coal". SourceWatch. 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  3. http://jref.or.jp/images/pdf/20120309/9March_REvision2012_keynote_tsagaan.pdf
  4. "Coal Facts | WCA | World Coal Association". Worldcoal.org. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  5. "Installation of Solar PV System (annex)", The Joint Crediting Mechanism, 29 September 2016.
  6. Kitchell, Leo. "A Ray of Hope: Mongolia's Burgeoning Solar Power Industry". blog.mongolia-properties.com. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  7. Jamsran, Janarbaatar (August 2018). "Energy Sector of Mongolia: Country Report" (PDF). The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. Retrieved December 4, 2019.


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