Durham, New Hampshire

Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,638 at the 2010 census.[1] Durham is home to the University of New Hampshire.

Durham, New Hampshire
Town
Old Mill and Dam, Durham c. 1908
Seal
Location within Strafford County, New Hampshire
Coordinates: 43°08′02″N 70°55′35″W
CountryUnited States
StateNew Hampshire
CountyStrafford
Settled1635
Incorporated1732
Government
 • Town Council
 • Town AdministratorTodd I. Selig
Area
 • Total24.7 sq mi (64.1 km2)
 • Land22.4 sq mi (58.0 km2)
 • Water2.4 sq mi (6.1 km2)  9.57%
Elevation
50 ft (15 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total14,638
 • Density590/sq mi (230/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
03824
Area code(s)603
FIPS code33-19700
GNIS feature ID0873584
Websitewww.ci.durham.nh.us

The primary settlement in the town, where 10,345 people resided at the 2010 census,[1] is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Durham census-designated place (CDP) and includes the densely populated portion of the town centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 108 and Main Street, which includes the university that dominates the town.

History
General View of UNH in 1913

Situated beside Great Bay at the mouth of the Oyster River, Durham was originally called "Oyster River Plantation". It was settled in 1635 by pioneers who traveled up the Piscataqua River and across Little Bay to settle at the falls of the Oyster River.

At the time, the land that is now New Hampshire belonged to Massachusetts; not until 1692 did the New Hampshire colony finally gain full and permanent independence from its southern neighbor. Most of the coastal area was divided among four townships, and for its first century, Durham was part of Dover. The location of Durham was ideal for its fresh water, natural meadows for livestock, and the transportation opportunities afforded by the waterways leading to the Atlantic Ocean. The land along the river was quickly settled, and nearby dense forests provided the timber necessary to construct homes as well as boats. Oyster River Plantation took the form of a small agricultural village, and the first generation of residents worked to clear and shape the land for planting.[2]

The town name "Durham" was suggested by the Rev. Hugh Adams, as claimed by him in an address to the General Assembly in 1738.[3][4] Two of the earliest settlers of Dover were William and Edward Hilton, the direct descendants of Sir William de Hilton, Lord of Hilton Castle in County Durham, England, but there is nothing to prove that Durham was named in their honor.

During King William's War, on July 18, 1694, the English settlement was attacked in the Raid on Oyster River by French career soldier Claude-Sébastien de Villieu with about 250 Abenaki from Norridgewock under command of their sagamore Bomazeen (or Bomoseen). In all, 104 inhabitants were killed and 27 taken captive,[5] with half the dwellings, including the garrisons, pillaged and burned to the ground.

The community rebuilt, however, and by 1716 Durham was a separate parish. Incorporated in 1732, Durham at first included portions of the present-day towns of Madbury, Lee and Newmarket. Because of its arable land, the town would develop as a farming community.

Benjamin Thompson, a descendant of an early settler, bequeathed his assets and family estate, Warner Farm, to the state for the establishment of an agricultural college.[6][7] Founded in 1866 in Hanover, the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts moved to Durham in 1893 and became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. Thompson Hall, built in 1892 with an iconic clock tower, is named in his honor. Designed in the Romanesque Revival style by the Concord architectural firm of Dow & Randlett, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.[8]

In 2017, Durham became the first community in New Hampshire to recognize Indigenous Peoples' Day in place of Columbus Day.[9] In 2018, the Oyster River Cooperative School District, which includes Durham, Lee and Madbury, adopted Indigenous Peoples' Day on its school calendar.[10]

Libraries

Over the years the people of Durham have created several libraries:

Durham Social Library (1815-1857): This library was incorporated by act of the New Hampshire Legislature in 1815. The library contained several hundred books and had a membership numbering nearly 50.

Durham Agricultural Library (1862-1881): Formed Feb. 3, 1862, with Benjamin Thompson as president, this library was small (approximately 72 books) and vocationally-based.

Durham Social Library (1881-1892): Organized March 9, 1881, the library had a membership of 80 and several hundred books. In 1883 the Richardson house was purchased to house the library. It eventually merged with the Durham Public Library.

Durham Public Library (1892-1906): Established in 1892 through the provisions of a New Hampshire state act, this was the town's first "public" library. It contained more than 3,500 books and eventually merged with the library of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.

Library of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts (1893- ): Came to Durham with the arrival of the College in 1893. Initially, the College housed the library in a single room in Thompson Hall. In 1900 Hamilton Smith gave the University $10,000 to construct a library, another $20,000 was obtained from Andrew Carnegie. In 1907 – a year after the town and the college agreed to merge their collective library resources – the building (Hamilton Smith Hall) was completed.[11]

In March 1997 by a margin of 2-1, Durham voters passed a charter amendment to establish a Board of Trustees and allow plans for a new library to go forward. In July 1997 a temporary space was found for the new Public Library in a storefront between the dollar store and a pizzeria. Under the guidance of the Trustees and a newly formed Friends of the Library group, many volunteer townspeople come forward to sheetrock, paint, assemble shelves, and unpack and shelve 719 boxes of books. On July 21, 1997 a dedication ceremony was held for the new library, with Governor Jeanne Shaheen as the keynote speaker. It was the first new public library to be established in New Hampshire in almost a century. In July 2013 a new public library building was completed on Madbury Road.

Police department

A police force of some manner has served Durham since at least 1848.[12] Durham Police Department is made up of 20 full-time and part-time officers and provides service 24-hours a day.[13]

The Police Department's Adopt-A-Cop program was instituted in 1999 to improve relationships between University of New Hampshire fraternities. Each fraternity is assigned a police officer who attends house meetings and events and acts a liaison between the fraternity and the community.[14]

Fire department and EMS

The first fire department organization in Durham was organized in 1927 and the first salaried firefighter was employed in 1934.[15]

The Durham Fire Department is one of the few fire departments in the country that is funded by both a municipality and a university.[15]

In addition, McGregor Memorial EMS is a regional, non-profit organization delivering emergency medical services and education to the New Hampshire Seacoast area since 1968.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.8 square miles (64 km2), of which 22.4 sq mi (58 km2) is land and 2.4 sq mi (6.2 km2) is water, comprising 9.57% of the town. The town is drained by the Oyster River. The highest point in Durham is Beech Hill, at 291 feet (89 m) above sea level, located on the town's northern border.[16] Durham lies fully within the Piscataqua River (coastal) watershed.[17]

Adjacent municipalities

Transportation

Amtrak's Downeaster train provides five round trips daily through Durham–UNH station, with service north to Portland, Freeport, and Brunswick, Maine, and south to Boston's North Station.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17901,247—
18001,126−9.7%
18101,44928.7%
18201,5386.1%
18301,6064.4%
18401,498−6.7%
18501,497−0.1%
18601,5342.5%
18701,298−15.4%
1880962−25.9%
1890871−9.5%
190099614.4%
1910823−17.4%
1920749−9.0%
19301,21762.5%
19401,53326.0%
19504,770211.2%
19605,50415.4%
19708,86961.1%
198010,65220.1%
199011,81810.9%
200012,6647.2%
201014,63815.6%
Est. 201716,523[18]12.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]
Hamilton Smith Hall c. 1920

The demographics of the town of Durham are strongly influenced by the presence of the campus of the University of New Hampshire. As of the census of 2010, there were 14,638 people, 2,960 households, and 1,544 families residing in the town. There were 3,092 housing units, of which 132, or 4.3%, were vacant. 7,266 town residents lived in group quarters such as dormitories, rather than in households. The racial makeup of the town was 93.8% white, 0.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.01% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.4% some other race, and 1.6% from two or more races. 2.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[20]

Of the 2,960 households, 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were headed by married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.8% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49, and the average family size was 2.94.[20]

In the town, 8.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 64.3% were from 18 to 24, 7.7% from 25 to 44, 12.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.[20]

For the period 2011-2015, the estimated median annual income for a household was $71,190, and the median income for a family was $120,039. Male full-time workers had a median income of $72,197 versus $58,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,650. 24.5% of the population and 1.4% of families were below the poverty line. 0.7% of the population under the age of 18 and 5.1% of those 65 or older were living in poverty.[21]

Notable people
Historical marker for Major General John Sullivan

Sites of interest
  • Pettee Hall
  • Taylor Hall
  • Murkland Hall
  • Thompson Hall
  • Dimond Library
  • St. Thomas More Parish
  • Downtown at Madbury Road and Main Street
  • Babcock Hall

References
  1. United States Census Bureau, U.S. Census website , 2010 Census figures. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  2. "Durham, NH". The Great American Stations. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved Sep 5, 2014.
  3. N.H. Province Papers, Vol. V, page 35
  4. Mary P. Thompson, Landmarks in Ancient Dover, p. 67
  5. Webster, John Clarence. Acadia at the End of the Seventeenth Century. Saint John, NB, New Brunswick Museum, 1979. p. 65
  6. Butterfield, Martha Lamson (2016). The land in our hands: Burley-Demeritt Farm in Lee, NH : its history. p. 21. ISBN 9781329902954.
  7. "Will of Benjamin Thompson - University of New Hampshire Library". www.library.unh.edu. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  8. "National Register of Historic Places Listings -- December 13, 1996". Archived from the original on May 26, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  9. "Durham to celebrate Indigenous Peoples' Day on Columbus Day | New Hampshire". UnionLeader.com. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
  10. Allee, Daniela. "Oyster River Cooperative School District Adopts Indigenous People's Day". Retrieved 2018-10-11.
  11. "Durham Town Records, New Hampshire". University of New Hampshire Library. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  12. "Police Dept. History". Town of Durham, NH. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  13. "A Welcome from the Chief of Police". Town of Durham, NH. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  14. "Durham PD Programs". Town of Durham, NH. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  15. "Durham Fire Department History". Town of Durham, NH. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  16. U.S. Geological Survey. Dover Quadrangle, New Hampshire-Maine map. 1:62,500. 15 Minute Series (Topographic). Washington D.C.: USGS, 1956. Available from University of New Hampshire Dimond Library Documents Department & Data Center, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-03-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) accessed 2009-03-17.
  17. Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2011-06-21.
  18. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (PEPANNRES): Minor Civil Divisions – New Hampshire". Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  19. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  20. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Durham town, Strafford County, New Hampshire". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  21. "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Durham town, Strafford County, New Hampshire". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  22. Doyle, Bill. "NESN's Jack Edwards calls on his dramatic heritage". Worcester Telegram. Archived from the original on 2014-04-24.
  23. Durham Historic Association & Museum Archived 2005-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
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