Duke of Cumberland
Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British Royal Family, named after the historic county of Cumberland.[1]
History
The Earldom of Cumberland, created in 1525, became extinct in 1643. The dukedom was created in the Peerage of England in 1644 for Prince Rupert of the Rhine, nephew of King Charles I. When he died without male heirs, the title was created again in the Peerage of England in 1689 for Prince George of Denmark, husband of Princess Anne, younger daughter of King James II. He also died without heirs, in 1708. Neither of these men, however, was usually known by his peerage title.
The third creation, in the Peerage of Great Britain, was for Prince William, the third son of King George II. Other titles granted to Prince William were Marquess of Berkhampstead, Earl of Kennington, Viscount Trematon and Baron Alderney. Since the Prince died unmarried and without children, his titles became extinct at his death.
The titles Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn and Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale were later created in the Peerage of Great Britain.
List of titleholders
Dukes of Cumberland, first Creation (1644)
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Prince Rupert House of Wittelsbach 1644–1682 also: Earl of Holderness (1644) |
 |
17 December 1619 Prague son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia |
Never Married | 29 November 1682 Westminster aged 62 |
| Nephew of Charles I, died without legitimate issue. | ||||
Dukes of Cumberland, second Creation (1689)
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Prince George House of Oldenburg 1689–1708 also: Earl of Kendal and Baron Wokingham (1689) |
 |
2 June 1653 Copenhagen Castle son of Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
Anne 28 July 1683 1 child |
28 October 1708 Kensington Palace aged 62 |
| Husband of Queen Anne, died without surviving issue. | ||||
Dukes of Cumberland, third Creation (1726)
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Prince William, Duke of Cumberland also Marquess of Berkhamstead, Earl of Kennington, Viscount Trematon and Baron Alderney (Great Britain, 1726) |
 |
26 April 1721 Leicester House, London son of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach |
Never married | 31 October 1765 London aged 44 |
| Also known as "Butcher" Cumberland and Sweet William. | ||||
Dukes of Cumberland and Strathearn (1766)
The sole title-holder was Prince Henry (1745–1790), 3rd son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son and heir apparent of King George II and the father of King George III. He died without legitimate issue, when the dukedom again became extinct.
Dukes of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1799)
This double dukedom, in the Peerage of Great Britain, was bestowed on Prince Ernest Augustus (1771–1851) (later King of Hanover), the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and King of Hanover. In 1919 it was suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 and as of 2019 has not been restored to its titular heir.
Family tree
| King James VI & I (1566–r.1603–1625) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Princess Elizabeth Stuart (1596–1662) m. Frederick V of the Palatinate | King Charles I (1600–r.1625–1649) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, 1644 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland (1619–1682) | Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714) m. Ernest Augustus of Brunswick | King Charles II (1630–r.1660–1685) | King James II (1633–1701, r.1685–1688) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, 1689 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George I (1660–r.1714–1727) | Queen Mary II (1662–r.1689–1694) m. King William III (1650–r.1689–1702) | Queen Anne (1665–r.1702–1714) m. Prince George, Duke of Cumberland (1653–1708) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George II (1683–r.1727–1760) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, 1726 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707–1751) | Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF CUMBERLAND & STRATHEARN, 1766 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George III (1738–r.1760–1820) | Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (1745–1790) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF CUMBERLAND & TEVIOTDALE, 1799 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George IV (1762–r.1820–1830) | King William IV (1765–r.1830–1837) | Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (1767–1820) | Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 1st Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1771–1851) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Queen Victoria (1819–r.1837–1901) | George V, King of Hanover, 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1819–1878) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King Edward VII (1841–r.1901–1910) | Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1845–1923) Dukedom forfeit, 1919 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George V (1865–r.1910–1936) | Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick (1887–1953) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King Edward VIII (1894–1972, r.1936) | King George VI (1895–r.1936–1952) | Prince Ernest Augustus (1914–1987) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Queen Elizabeth II (1926–r.1952–) | Prince Ernest Augustus (1954–) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract bridge
A historic fixed bridge hand is known as the Duke of Cumberland hand. The hand also appeared in Ian Fleming's James Bond thriller, Moonraker.[2]
References
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- The Duke of Cumberland bridge hand