Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza

Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael; born 15 May 1945) is a claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, as the head of the House of Braganza. The Miguelist Braganzas, to whom Duarte Pio belongs as great-grandson of King Miguel I, is a cadet branch of the House of Braganza. With the extinction of male-line dynasts descended from Queen Maria II in 1932, King Miguel's descendants became the only male-line Braganzas remaining and the closest male-line heirs to the defunct Portuguese throne (the Brazilian branch having gone extinct in 1921).

Duarte Pio
Duke of Braganza (more...)
Duarte Pio speaking at the Royal Dinner of the Forty Conspirators in 2008
Head of the Royal House of Portugal
Tenure24 December 1976 – present
PredecessorDuarte Nuno
Heir apparentAfonso, Prince of Beira
Born (1945-05-15) 15 May 1945
Bern, Switzerland
Spouse
Issue
details...
Full name
Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael
HouseBraganza
FatherDuarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
MotherMaria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Duarte Pio is a figure within the European network of royal houses, often being invited to various foreign royal events. Despite his support for a monarchical government and widespread recognition as pretender to the throne, there are no major movements or parties that support restoration of the monarchy.

In 1995, the Duke married Isabel Inês de Castro Curvelo de Herédia, a Portuguese businesswoman and descendant of Portuguese nobility. Their marriage was the first marriage of a Portuguese royal to happen in Portuguese territory since the marriage of King Carlos I and Princess Amélie of Orléans, in 1886. The Duke and Duchess have three children, thus continuing the line of the Braganzas, as neither of the Duke's brothers have married nor had children.

Early life
Duarte Nuno of Braganza, Duarte Pio's father and predecessor

Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael was born on 15 May 1945 in Bern, Switzerland, as the first of three sons of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, and Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza. His full name ends with Miguel Gabriel Rafael, a naming tradition of the House of Braganza that honors the three archangels in the Catholic Church. His father was the grandson of King Miguel I, while his mother was a great-granddaughter of King Pedro IV (Emperor Pedro I of Brazil), who was Miguel's elder brother. Through his father, he is a member of the Miguelist branch of the House of Braganza. Duarte Pio's godparents were Pope Pius XII, Queen Amélie (the mother of King Manuel II, the last monarch of Portugal) and his great-aunt Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães.

The Duke is regarded as a Portuguese national by descent, since his father was Portuguese (and so Duarte Pio's birth was legitimately included in the Portuguese Civil Registry). At the time of his birth, Duarte Pio and the rest of the Miguelist Braganzas were banned from entering Portugal, by the laws of exile of 19 December 1834. On 27 May 1950, the Portuguese National Assembly revoked both the laws of exile from 19 December 1834, which banned the Miguelist Braganzas, and the laws of exile from 15 October 1910, which banned the Legitimist Braganzas. In 1951, Dom Duarte visited Portugal for the first time, accompanied by his aunt, Infanta Filipa. In 1952, he moved to Portugal permanently with his parents and brothers.

From 1957 to 1959, Duarte was enrolled in the Colégio Nun'Álvres in Santo Tirso. In 1960, he entered the Colégio Militar in Lisbon.[1] He attended the Instituto Superior de Agronomia (now part of the Technical University of Lisbon) and later the Graduate Institute of Development Studies of the University of Geneva.

From 1968 to 1971, Dom Duarte fulfilled his military service as a helicopter pilot in the Portuguese Air Force in Portuguese Angola at the time of the Portuguese Colonial War. In 1972, he participated with a multi-ethnic Angolan group in the organization of an independent list of candidates to the National Assembly. This resulted in his expulsion from Angola by order of the Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano.

Succession

Duarte Pio claims the throne[2] as the heir of King Manuel II according to the Constitutional Charter of 1826. Duarte Pio is widely considered the heir of the abolished Portuguese throne,[3][4] but a small number of Portuguese monarchists do not recognise him as pretender to the throne or as Duke of Braganza.[3] The dispute dates back to 1828 when Duarte Pio's great-grandfather was said to have usurped the throne as King Miguel I, starting the Liberal Wars. Miguel's forces were defeated in 1834 by the forces led by his own brother. Miguel I was exiled and his niece, Queen Maria II, was restored to her throne. According to the Law of Banishment (Lei do Banimento) of 1834, Miguel I and all his descendants were forever excluded from the succession to the throne. This exclusion was reinforced four years later with the approval of the Constitution of 1838, which had a similar provision.[5] However, the Constitutional Charter of 1826 was reinstated in 1842; this constitution (which was in place until 1910 when the monarchy was overthrown) did not bar Miguel's descendants from ascending the throne.[6] Finally, the Law of Banishment of 1834 was repealed in 1950.[3][7]

In 1912 and 1922, Duarte Pio's grandfather, Miguel, Duke of Braganza, reconciled with King Manuel II, but this reconciliation was not accepted by all of their adherents. There are several monarchist organizations in Portugal which maintain that only the Cortes or the National Assembly could legally determine the rightful claimant if ever Portugal decided to restore the monarchy. One monarchist group in Portugal that did support Miguel, Duke of Braganza, instead of the deposed King Manuel II was the Integralismo Lusitano.[8]

Parliamentary statements

In May 2006, the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement where it referred to Duarte Pio as Duke of Braganza. On 5 July 2006, in response to this statement, Nuno da Câmara Pereira, member of the Portuguese parliament and then leader of the People's Monarchist Party, addressed the President of the Assembly of the Republic, asking for a clarification as to the official recognition of Duarte Pio as pretender to the throne and as Duke of Braganza. In its official response on 11 July 2006, the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs restated the fact that the Portuguese constitution guarantees the republican regime, and that the reference to Duarte Pio as Duke of Braganza was merely a polite courtesy.

Roles and positions

The Duke often interacts with both national and international political and cultural institutions, by which he represents the Portuguese people and their culture. Though not a head of state or official representative of the Portuguese state, Duarte Pio has been received with such honours by various foreign heads of state, government, and organizations.

Politics
Duarte Pio often speaks on behalf of Portugal and the monarchist cause.

Dom Duarte was a major campaigner for the independence of Timor-Leste, a former Portuguese colony which was forcibly annexed by Indonesia in 1975. Before the issue's global popularity from the 1990s onward, the Duke contributed with several national and international campaigns for the political self-determination of the territory, including Timor 87 Vamos Ajudar and Lusitânia Expresso. In 1997, Dom Duarte also suggested a referendum on the independence of East Timor to the Indonesian Vice-President Jusuf Habibie. After Habibie became president of Indonesia in 1999, a referendum was held that resulted in the independence of the country.

In December 2010, Timor-Leste President José Ramos-Horta expressed his interest in making Duarte Pio a Timorese citizen, which the Duke accepted, because of the "profound and spiritual relations of the Timorese people with Portugal", continuing by saying that the symbols of the House of Braganza have a "great significance" in Timor-Leste.[9] In February 2012, with final approval and support of Timor-Leste parliament, President Ramos-Horta conferred Timorese citizenship upon Duarte Pio, along with the Order of Merit.[10][11] President Ramos-Horta stated that these honours were given because of Duarte Pio's "dedication of a large part of his life to defending justice and liberty for the Timorese people."[12]

In September 2011, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria invited the Duke on a state visit to Damascus.[13] The Duke stated he was invited by President al-Assad with the intention that Duarte Pio relay the Syrian head of state's plans and intents for Syria and its people. Duarte Pio told several Portuguese news outlets that it was the Syrian President's intention to "collaborate on the creation of a future constitution for Syria, close to that of Morocco, which guarantees political, religious, and press freedom."[14] Alongside communicating the political and reformist intentions of the Syrian President, Duarte Pio stated that President al-Assad was a "good and well-intentioned man" and that "since he has assumed power, he has tried to democratize and humanize politics and [that] he has already achieved great advancements."[15]

In his capacity as the President of the King Manuel II Foundation, Duarte Pio is often involved with the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, intergovernmental organization for economic, political, and cultural friendship between Portugal and many of its former colonies. In 2009, the Duke petitioned for the King Manuel II Foundation to become a consultative observer within the CPLP, but with no success.[16] In 2012, Duarte Pio petitioned, with Maria Hermínia Cabral, Director of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, for their respective organizations to become CPLP consultative observers, to which both succeeded in their endeavor.[17][18] In November 2012, for a meeting of the consultative observers of the CPLP the Duke visited Mindelo, Cabo Verde.[19][20] While there, the Duke visited various locations within Cabo Verde, and was received by President Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca.[21][22] During the visit, Duarte Pio decorated President Almeida Fonseca with the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa. Duarte Pio often visits various municipalities around the country, in an official charge, for economic and political events. On 14 November 2007, the Duke visited the Santiago do Cacém Municipality and was received with honours by the President of the Municipality, in the Palace of the Concelho.[23] On 11 October 2011, Duarte Pio visited the freguesia of São Pedro de Oliveira, in Braga, and was received with honours by the President of the Freguesia Augusto de Carvalho.[24] On 28 March 2012, the Duke and his son, Afonso, Prince of Beira, were guests of honour at the XII Exposition of Folar and Products of the Earth, an exposition staged for the purpose of economic promotion of products from the Valpaços Municipality.

On 2014, the Court of Lisbon forbade Duarte Pio of Braganza from using the insignia of the Order of Saint Michael of the Wing and demanded that he compensate 300,000 euro to the legal owners of the rights, Nuno da Câmara Pereira, who allegedly registered the name "Order of Saint Michael of the Wing" (Portuguese: "Ordem de São Miguel da Ala") in 1981, whereas Duarte Pio is said to have registered it in 2004.[25] The condemnation was repeated on October 5, 2015.[26] but on November 3, 2015, the rights of Nuno da Câmara Pereira to the symbols was lost,[27] and on December 7th, Duarte Pio of Braganza won the case and regained the legal rights.[28]

Culture
Duarte Pio speaking at the World Congress of Families XI, 2017.

Duarte Pio often travels and visits various places, in an official charge, for matters concerning cultural affairs, both in Portugal and overseas. From 24 until 25 May 2009, the Duke visited Terceira Island, in the Azores Autonomous Region, as a guest of honour of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, for the presentation of Mendo Castro Henriques's book, Dom Duarte e a Democracia – Uma Biografia Portuguesa.[29] While in Terceira, Duarte Pio was received with honours by the President of the Municipality of Praia da Vitória and attended and visited various cultural and religious institutions and events, including a dinner at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia and assisting in a Portuguese bullfight.

On 12 September 2011, the Duke, as President of the Henry the Navigator Award, a partner award of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, visited Funchal, in the Madeira Autonomous Region, for an official visit. While there, the Duke was received with honours by Miguel Albuquerque, President of the Municipality of Funchal, visited the Municipal Gardens of Funchal and held a ceremony for the presentation of the Henry the Navigator Award.[30][31] On 30 September 2011, Duarte Pio visited Vila Franca de Xira, as a guest of honour for the Royal Tourada, and visited various cultural institutions of the municipality, including the Museum of Neo-Realism and the Celeiro da Patriarcal.[32] On 8 January 2012, the Duke visited the Vila Verde Municipality, as a special guest of the Association for Regional Development of Minho, where he attended an exhibition on regional culture and products and was presented a traditional Lenço de Namorados, made in 1912.[33]

Every year, on 1 December, Restoration Day, the Duke gives his annual speech in honour of the Portuguese Restoration at the dinner of the Forty Conspirators.[34] It was on 1 December 1640 that João II, Duke of Braganza, an ancestor of Duarte Pio, deposed the Portuguese House of Habsburg, installed the House of Braganza as the reigning house of Portugal, and restored sovereign rule to the Portugal. In his speeches, the Duke reflects on the historical significance of the date, events of the previous year, and the road ahead for both Portugal in general and the monarchist cause. In 2012, Restoration Day ceased to be an official holiday of the Portuguese state, prompting Duarte Pio to speak out against the action, stating that extinction of the official holiday "devalues the day which should unite the Portuguese".[35][36]

Marriage

On 13 May 1995, Dom Duarte Pio married Isabel Inês de Castro Curvelo de Herédia, a Portuguese businesswoman and descendant of nobility. This was the first marriage of a member of the Portuguese royal family to take place in Portugal since the marriage of King Carlos I in 1886. The ceremony was celebrated in the Monastery of Jerónimos in Lisbon and presided over by Cardinal António Ribeiro, Patriarch of Lisbon. Representatives of most of the European royal houses were present.

Honours

Foreign orders

Dynastic orders

Genealogy

Ancestry

References
  1. "Liga de Amigos do Colégio Militar – D. Duarte Pio de Bragança" [League of Military College Friends - D. Duarte Pio de Bragança]. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-18.
  2. Minet, Paul (May 1996). "Royal Births". Royalty Digest. V (11): 316. ISSN 0967-5744.
  3. "Acusações a Duarte Pio de Bragança reacendem querela dinástica" [Accusations to Duarte Pio of Braganza reopen dynastic dispute]. Público (in Portuguese). 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  4. Espada, Maria Henrique (2019-06-19). "D. Duarte tem direito a lugar no protocolo de Estado? Ainda falta muito…" [Does Dom Duarte have the right to a place in the protocol of the state? Still a long way to go...]. Sábado (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  5. "Constituição de 1838" [Portuguese Constitution of 1838] (PDF) (in Portuguese). p. 18.
  6. "The Constitutional Monarchy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2015-08-30. But the Constitutional Charter was revived for two subsequent periods: from August 1834 (when Dom Miguel left the country) to the resolution of September 1836 (which restored the Constitution of 1822 until the approval of the Constitution of 1838) and from January 1842 to October 1910.
  7. "Lei n.º 2040" [Law No. 2040]. Law No. 2040 of 27 May 1950 (in Portuguese). National Assembly of Portugal.
  8. Lloyd-Jones, Stewart (March 2003). "Integralismo Lusitano and Action Française: Their roots and shared principles". Portuguese Journal of Social Science. 2: 39–59. doi:10.1386/pjss.2.1.39/0.
  9. Lemos, Sérgio (2010-12-01). "D. Duarte já pediu nacionalidade timorense". Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  10. Lusa (2012-02-10). "Dom Duarte recebe nacionalidade timorense". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2015-05-28. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  11. Lusa (2012-02-10). "Duque de Bragança recebe nacionalidade timorense". Sapo Timor-Leste Notícias. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  12. Lusa (2012-02-13). "Duque de Bragança cidadão timorense". Diário de Notícias. Archived from the original on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  13. "RTP TeleJornal – D. Duarte de Bragança Traz Recado de Al-Assad". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  14. "Sol – D. Duarte: Ditador Sírio é 'Muito Bem Intencionado'". Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  15. "Mário Crespo entrevista D. Duarte Pio - SAPO Vídeos". videos.sapo.pt. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  16. "CPLP – Candidatura da Fundação D. Manuel II a observador consultivo da CPLP" (in Portuguese).
  17. "Notícias MSN - Notícias do dia de Portugal e do mundo. Jornais, revistas, meteorologia, África, euromilhões, ciência e tecnologia -MSN". noticias.pt.msn.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  18. "Parseria entre instituisaun sira importante tebtebes ba funsionamentu husi fórum sosiedade sivil nian - Notícias SAPO - SAPO Notícias". noticias.sapo.tl. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  19. Cabo Verde Directo – PR recebe Duque de Bragança
  20. "Duque de Bragança, Dom Duarte visita PR". www.rtc.cv. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  21. Binókulo: Jorge Carlos Fonseca recebe no Palácio do Plateau Dom Duarte, Duque de Bragança Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Liberal – Duque de Bragança visita hoje o Presidente da República Archived November 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  23. "D. Duarte Pio visita Santiago do Cacém". 16 April 2013. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  24. "Gazeta de Visue – Visita de S.A.R., o Duque de Bragança Dom Duarte Pio a Oliveira São Pedro". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  25. "D. Duarte de Bragança condenado pelo Tribunal do Comércio de Lisboa". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  26. "O.S.M.A. - Processo 93.07 - Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça 05-10-2015". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  27. Lourenço, Marco Pereira, Rute. "Nuno da Câmara Pereira perde marca real". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  28. C.T. "Duarte Pio absolvido pelo tribunal". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  29. "Causa Monárquica – D. Duarte Pio na ilha Terceira". Archived from the original on 2013-06-14. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
  30. "Duque de Bragança vem ao Funchal". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  31. "Dom Duarte, Duque de Bragança visita Hortas Municipais do Funchal". 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  32. "O duque de Bragança, Dom Duarte Pio, visitou na tarde de sexta-feira, 30 de Setembro". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  33. "Adere-Minho – Dom Duarte Pio de Bragança visita Adere-Minho e recebe Lenço de Namorados do Minho certificado (réplica original de 1912)".
  34. "Causa Monárquica – D Duarte Pio e o 1º de Dezembro". Archived from the original on 2012-01-29.
  35. "Extinção do 1.º de Dezembro desvaloriza dia que mais devia unir os portugueses, diz Duarte Pio". Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  36. "Notícias MSN - Notícias do dia de Portugal e do mundo. Jornais, revistas, meteorologia, África, euromilhões, ciência e tecnologia -MSN". noticias.pt.msn.com. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  37. "Decreto Presidente 7/2012". Government of East Timor. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  38. Cri
  39. "Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius - Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George". 4 October 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  40. "Membership". www.borbone-due-sicilie.org. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  41. "The activities of the Order since 1960". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
  42. "Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl of Sulu". Royal Sultanate of Sulu. Archived from the original on 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
  43. Kaholokula, Lei (June 11, 2018). "Hawaii honors the warrior king that unified the Hawaiian islands". KITV 4 Island News. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
  44. "Portugal embraces Hawaii's royal house". pressreleasejet.com. Retrieved 2018-04-12.

Further reading
  • Henriques, Mendo Castro. Dom Duarte e a Democracia: uma biografia portuguesa. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2006. ISBN 972-25-1517-9
  • Mendes, Nuno Canas. Duarte e Isabel, duques de Bragança: biografia autorizada. Mem Martins: Lyon Multimédia Edições, 1995.
  • Morais, Jorge. D. Duarte: a primeira biografia. Lisbon: Chiado-Consultores de Informação, 1995.
  • Fernandes, Clara Picão. Monarquia hoje?: diálogos com o Duque de Bragança. Lisbon: Editora Civilização, 1995.
Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Born: 15 May 1945
Portuguese royalty
Preceded by
Duarte Nuno		 Duke of Braganza
24 December 1976 – present		 Incumbent
Heir:
Afonso de Santa Maria
Prince of Beira
Vacant
Title last held by
Luís Filipe		 Prince of Beira
Duke of Barcelos
15 May 1945 – 24 December 1976		 Succeeded by
Afonso de Santa Maria
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Duarte Nuno		 — TITULAR —
King of Portugal and the Algarves
24 December 1976 – present
Reason for succession failure:
Kingdom abolished in 1910		 Incumbent
Heir:
Afonso de Santa Maria
Prince of Beira


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