Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC), one of the most influential men in world history, has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works since ancient times.

44 BC denarius

Ancient literary works
The ancient Roman busts of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra in the Altes Museum, Berlin

Medieval works
Caesar and Joshua as part of the Nine Worthies (16th century)
Shakespeare's First Folio
Molière in the role of Julius Caesar, painting by Nicolas Mignard, 1656
Fountain in Olomouc

Renaissance and modern works
  • In Historia de omnibus gothorum sueonumque regibus (History of all Kings of Goths and Swedes) by Johannes Magnus, published in 1554. Caesar appears as a contemporary of the Swedish King Lindormus.

Theatre

Operas

Statues

Paintings

Modern works

Theatre
Joseph Holland as Julius Caesar in the Mercury Theatre's Broadway production of Caesar (1937)

Fiction
  • Cleopatra (1889) by Rider Haggard, a historical novel, depicts Julius Caesar's relationship with Cleopatra.[1]
  • A Friend of Caesar: A Tale of the Fall of the Roman Republic (1900) by William Stearns Davis, follows a young nobleman who accompanies Caesar on his rise to power.[2]
  • The Story of the Amulet (1905), a children's time-travel novel by E. Nesbit, includes an episode with Julius Caesar on the eve of his invasion of Britain.
  • The Magic City (1910), a children's fantasy novel by E. Nesbit, has Julius Caesar emerge from the pages of De Bello Gallico to rout the barbarians.
  • Tros of Samothrace (1934), a historical novel by Talbot Mundy, has Julius Caesar as the novel's villain.[3]
  • Freedom, Farewell! (1936) by Phyllis Bentley depicts Caesar as a tyrant. [4]
  • The Ides of March (1948), is an epistolary novel by Thornton Wilder.[5]
  • The City of Libertines (1957), The Scarlet Mantle: A Novel of Julius Caesar (1978), and The Bloodied Toga: A Novel of Julius Caesar (1979) by the Canadian novelist W. G. Hardy, are a trilogy of novels covering Caesar's life.[6]
  • Young Caesar (1958) and its sequel Imperial Caesar (1960), novels focusing on Caesar's life by Rex Warner. [7]
  • First Citizen (1987), by Thomas Thurston Thomas, a science fiction book based on the life and times of Julius Caesar but set in the 21st century.[8]
  • Sword of Caesar (1987), in the Time Machine series, asks the reader to travel back to ancient Rome and find the fate of Caesar's battle sword.
  • Masters of Rome, a series of seven novels by the Australian writer, Colleen McCullough: The First Man in Rome (1991), The Grass Crown (1991), Fortune's Favorites (1993), Caesar's Women (1995), Caesar (1997), The October Horse (2002), and Antony and Cleopatra (1969).
  • Roma Sub Rosa (1991–2018), a series of historical mysteries by the American writer, Steven Saylor.
  • Emperor, a series of five novels by the British writer, Conn Iggulden: The Gates of Rome (2003), The Death of Kings (2004), The Field of Swords (2005), The Gods of War (2006), and The Blood of Gods (2013).

Film

Television

Radio

Comics

Games
  • Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego features Julius Caesar in one of its stages.
  • Caesar is depicted as Akihiko Sanada's ultimate persona in Persona 3.
  • Fallout: New Vegas depicts a dictator who patterns himself after the various Caesares, Julius in particular.
  • Julius Caesar appears as the leader of the Roman Empire in the first four instalments of the Civilization series of strategy games.
  • Caesar is mentioned in Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood as being a Templar, and that his assassination by Brutus and other members of the Assassins is to prevent the Templars from gaining power in Rome.
  • Caesar is also an important character in Assassin's Creed Origins, which depicts the Siege of Alexandria and the Battle of the Nile. Caesar is initially allied with the main protagonists, Bayek and Aya, but is shown to be working with the Order of the Ancients, an early incarnation of the Templars. Near the end of the game, Aya travels to Rome and is the first person to stab Caesar at his assassination.
  • In Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome, a player can act as Julius Caesar.
  • Gaius Julius Caesar appears as a servant in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order, summoned as the class of Saber.
  • In the Total War: Rome 2 expansion Caesar in Gaul as a playable General.
  • Julius Caesar is able to be summoned in Scribblenauts and its sequels.

Music

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References
  1. Eastlake, Laura, Ancient Rome and Victorian Masculinity. Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2019. ISBN 9780192569387 (pgs. 162-163)
  2. McGarry, Daniel D., White, Sarah Harriman, Historical Fiction Guide: Annotated Chronological, Geographical, and Topical List of Five Thousand Selected Historical Novels. Scarecrow Press, New York, 1963 (pg. 147) (p. 33)
  3. Talbot Mundy: Philosopher of Adventure: A Critical Biography by Brian Taves. McFarland, 2006 (pp. 137–143)
  4. Clarke, Martin Lowther ,The Noblest Roman: Marcus Brutus and His Reputation. Cornell University Press, 1981. ISBN 9780801413933 (p.132)
  5. Fuller, Edmund. “Thornton Wilder: The Notation of the Heart.” pp. 39–43. In Critical Essays on Thornton Wilder. Edited by Martin Blank. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. (p. 42) ISBN 9780783800202
  6. Lynda G. Adamson, World Historical Fiction: An Annotated Guide to Novels for Adults and Young Adults. Phoenix, AZ; Oryx Press ISBN 9781573560665 (p.27)
  7. "Obituary: Rex Warner". The Times. 27 June 1986.
  8. Nuttall, Chris (11 July 2013). "Review: First Citizen by Thomas T. Thomas". Amazing Stories. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  9. "Life of Caesar Podcast" Accessed 2 September 2015
  10. "Benetton Group: Evolution of Communication Strategy" scribd.com Accessed 21 February 2010
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