Cefprozil

Cefprozil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It can be used to treat ear infections, skin infections, and other bacterial infections. It comes as a tablet and as a liquid suspension.

Cefprozil
Clinical data
Trade namesCefzil, Cefproz, others
Other namesCefproxil
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa698022
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
    Routes of
    administration    		Oral
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetic data
    Bioavailability95%
    Protein binding36%
    Elimination half-life1.3 hours
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEBI
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC18H19N3O5S
    Molar mass389.43 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
     NY (what is this?)  (verify)

    Although there is a widely quoted cross-allergy risk of 10% between cephalosporins and penicillin, an article[1] has shown no increased risk for cross-allergy for cefprozil and several other second-generation or later cephalosporins.

    It was patented in 1983 and approved for medical use in 1992.[2]

    Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

    Currently bacteria like Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant to cefprozil, while Salmonella enterica serotype Agona and streptococci are susceptible to cefprozil. Some bacteria like Brucella abortus, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae have developed resistance towards cefprozil in varying degrees. Detailed minimum inhibition concentration information is given by the Cefprozil Susceptibility and Resistance Data sheet.[3]

    Synthesis

    This is not a direct copy of Lednicer book like at first glance, but is sourced from the primary reference material.

    Cefprozil synthesis:[4][5][6] Separation of isomers:[7]

    Displacement of the allylic chloride in intermediate (1) with triphenylphosphine gives the phosphonium salt (2). This functionality is then converted to its ylide; condensation with acetaldehyde then leads to the vinyl derivative (3); deprotection then gives cefprozil. Semisynthetic oral cephalosporin consisting of ~90:10 Z/E isomeric mixture.

    [8]

    Brand names

    [9]

    References
    1. Pichichero ME (February 2006). "Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin-allergic patients" (PDF). The Journal of Family Practice. 55 (2): 106–12. PMID 16451776. Archived from the original on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
    2. Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 496. ISBN 9783527607495.
    3. "Cefprozil Susceptibility and Resistance Data" (PDF). Retrieved 23 July 2013.
    4. DE 3402642, Hoshi H, et al., issued 1984, assigned to Bristol-Myers
    5. US 4520022, Hoshi H, et al., issued 1985, assigned to Bristol-Myers
    6. Naito T, Hoshi H, Aburaki S, Abe Y, Okumura J, Tomatsu K, Kawaguchi H (July 1987). "Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new oral cephalosporin, BMY-28100 and related compounds". The Journal of Antibiotics. 40 (7): 991–1005. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.40.991. PMID 3624077.
    7. US 4727070, Kaplan MA, et al., issued 1988, assigned to Bristol-Myers
    8. TOMATSU, Kozo; Ando, Shigeyuki; Masuyoshi, Shinji; Kondo, Shoichiro; Hirano, Minoru; Miyaki, Takeo; Kawaguchi, Hiroshi (1987). "In vitro and in vivo evaluations of BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin". The Journal of Antibiotics. 40 (8): 1175–1183. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.40.1175. ISSN 0021-8820.
    9. Albanus, Lennart; Björklund, Nils-Erik; Gustafsson, Börje; Jönsson, Monica (1975). "Forty Days Oral Toxicity of 2,6-cis-Diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (KABI 1774) in Beagle Dogs with Special Reference to Effects on the Male Reproductive System". Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. 36: 93–130. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1975.tb03087.x. ISSN 0001-6683.
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