Buckra
Buckra is a slang term primarily used by African-Americans in the Southeast United States to describe a white man.[1]
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It derives from Ibibio-Efik, mbakara ‘European, master’.[1]
"De nigger was de right arm of de buckra class. De buckra was de horn of plenty for de nigger. Both suffer in consequence of freedom."...(Moses Lyles, a former slave in South Carolina, speaking in the 1930s).[2] As clearly noted in this 1916 publication, there was also the white trash level of buckra, referred to by both Southern races as "poor buckras"...locally pronounced "po' buckras". [3]
See also
- List of English words of African origin
In other languages
- Bakra (Sranan Tongo, Surinamese Creole) meaning "white men"[4]
- Bakra (Jamaican Patois) slave master, oppressor.[5]
- mbakara (Ibibio) used to refer to white people and things associated with whiteness and the Western world
References
- "Buckra". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
- Leon F. Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long, p. 214)
- Clinkscales, John George (1916). On the Old Plantation: Reminiscences of His Childhood. Band & White. pp. 11 & 33.
- Davis, Natalie Zemon (May 2009). "Creole languages and their uses: the example of colonial Suriname". Historical Research. 82 (216): 268–284. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.2009.00494.x.
- Bigley, John (2009). Jamaica - Montego Bay, Port Antonio and Ocho Rios. Hunter Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58843-788-4.
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