2017–18 FC Ufa season
The 2017–18 FC Ufa season was the fourth successive season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia, and fifth in total. Ufa finished the season in sixth place, qualifying for UEFA Europa League for the first time due to Tosno failing to obtain a UEFA licence after their Russian Cup victory.[1] This meant that Krasnodar, the fourth-placed team in the Russian Premier League, entered the group stage instead of the third qualifying round, fifth-placed Zenit St.Petersburg, entered the third qualifying round instead of the second qualifying round, and sixth-placed Ufa taking the second qualifying round berth. Ufa were knocked out of the Russian Cup at the Round of 32 by Olimpiyets Nizhny Novgorod.
| 2017–18 season | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman | Marat Magadeyev | ||
| Manager | Sergei Semak | ||
| Stadium | Neftyanik Stadium | ||
| Russian Premier League | 6th | ||
| Russian Cup | Round of 32 vs Olimpiyets Nizhny Novgorod | ||
| Top goalscorer | League: Sylvester Igboun (7) All: Sylvester Igboun (7) | ||
|
| |||
Squad
- As of 28 February 2018[2]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
Transfers
Summer
|
In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
.svg.png){kind=small}
Winter
|
In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
Competitions
Russian Premier League
Results by round
Updated to match(es) played on 13 May 2018. Source: See Results
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
Results
| 15 July 2017 1 | Tosno | 0 – 1 | Ufa | Saint Petersburg |
| 19:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Dugalić  |
Report | Sysuyev  Alikin Zhivoglyadov |
Stadium: Petrovsky Stadium Attendance: 4,053 Referee: Vladimir Moskalyov |
| 23 July 2017 2 | Ufa | 0 – 0 | Lokomotiv Moscow | Ufa |
| 15:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Tabidze |
Report | Kombarov |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 12,571 Referee: Aleksey Sukhoy |
| 29 July 2017 3 | Ural Yekaterinburg | 1 – 1 | Ufa | Yekaterinburg |
| 17:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Haroyan Yemelyanov Tabidze |
Report | Tumasyan Igboun |
Stadium: SKB-Bank Arena Attendance: 6,280 Referee: Sergei Karasev |
| 5 August 2017 4 | Ufa | 3 – 2 | Akhmat Grozny | Ufa |
| 17:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Igboun Stotsky Jokić Alikin Sysuyev |
Report | Jabá Ángel Pliyev |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 5,102 Referee: Vladimir Seldyakov |
| 8 August 2017 5 | Amkar Perm | 0 – 0 | Ufa | Perm |
| 19:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Miljković Zanev |
Report | Jokić Alikin |
Stadium: Zvezda Stadium Attendance: 4,900 Referee: Igor Fedotov |
| 12 August 2017 6 | Ufa | 1 – 4 | Rostov | Ufa |
| 17:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Stotsky Bezdenezhnykh Vaněk |
Report | Gațcan Kalachev Mevlja |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 5,626 Referee: Aleksey Matyunin |
| 20 August 2017 7 | Dynamo Moscow | 1 – 1 | Ufa | Moscow |
| 19:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Zotov |
Report | Vaněk Oblyakov Paurević Jokić |
Stadium: Arena Khimki Attendance: 6,179 Referee: Vladislav Bezborodov |
| 25 August 2017 8 | Anzhi Makhachkala | 1 – 0 | Ufa | Kaspiysk |
| 22:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Lescano Markelov |
Report | Jokić Sysuyev |
Stadium: Anzhi Arena Attendance: 4,100 Referee: Aleksei Nikolaev |
| 10 September 2017 9 | Ufa | 0 – 1 | Krasnodar | Ufa |
| 18:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Zaseyev |
Report | Shishkin Smolov |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 5,158 Referee: Sergei Karasev |
| 18 September 2017 10 | Zenit St.Petersburg | 3 – 0 | Ufa | Saint Petersburg |
| 22:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Driussi Criscito Kokorin |
Report | Paurević Igboun |
Stadium: Krestovsky Stadium Attendance: 30,158 Referee: Roman Galimov |
| 24 September 2017 11 | Ufa | 1 – 0 | Arsenal Tula | Ufa |
| 18:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Tumasyan Igboun Sysuyev Belenov Stotsky |
Report | Shevchenko |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 3,827 Referee: Vladislav Bezborodov |
| 1 October 2017 12 | CSKA Moscow | 0 – 0 | Ufa | Moscow |
| 16:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Report | Stadium: VEB Arena Attendance: 10,127 Referee: Sergey Lapochkin |
| 15 October 2017 13 | Ufa | 1 – 0 | Lokomotiv Moscow | Ufa |
| 16:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Igboun Tumasyan |
Report | Denisov |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 6,123 Referee: Aleksey Sukhoy |
| 21 October 2017 14 | SKA-Khabarovsk | 2 – 2 | Ufa | Khabarovsk |
| 13:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Dimidko Dedechko Navalovski Savichev |
Report | Alikin Tumasyan Krotov Jokić |
Stadium: Lenin Stadium Attendance: 5,399 Referee: Sergey Kulikov |
| 30 October 2017 15 | Ufa | 2 – 1 | Rubin Kazan | Ufa |
| 19:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Stotsky Salatić Vaněk Abdulavov Zhivoglyadov |
Report | Karadeniz Bauer |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 4,612 Referee: Sergey Ivanov |
| 5 November 2017 16 | Spartak Moscow | 3 – 1 | Ufa | Moscow |
| 21:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Fernando Luiz Adriano Promes |
Report | Igboun Paurević |
Stadium: Otkrytiye Arena Attendance: 21,445 Referee: Artem Chistyakov |
| 19 November 2017 17 | Ufa | 2 – 0 | Ural Yekaterinburg | Ufa |
| 13:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Stotsky Sysuyev Krotov Zhivoglyadov Nikitin |
Report | Balažic Bicfalvi  |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 6,309 Referee: Pavel Kukuyan |
| 25 November 2017 18 | Akhmat Grozny | 2 – 1 | Ufa | Grozny |
| 21:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Sampaio Léo Jabá Pliyev Rodolfo |
Report | Salatić Sysuyev Zhivoglyadov Oblyakov |
Stadium: Akhmat-Arena Attendance: 11,318 Referee: Aleksey Eskov |
| 3 December 2017 19 | Ufa | 3 – 0 | Amkar Perm | Ufa |
| 15:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Igboun Jokić Oblyakov Nikitin Safronidi |
Report | Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 5,924 Referee: Vladimir Seldyakov |
| 10 December 2017 20 | Rostov | 1 – 0 | Ufa | Rostov-on-Don |
| 21:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Ingason Pesyakov |
Report | Salatić Igboun |
Stadium: Olimp-2 Attendance: 7,834 Referee: Vladimir Moskalyov |
| 4 March 2018 21 | Ufa | 1 – 1 | Dynamo Moscow | Ufa |
| 16:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Nedelcearu Paurević |
Report | Markov Sow |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 6,178 Referee: Sergey Lapochkin |
| 10 March 2018 22 | Ufa | 3 – 2 | Anzhi Makhachkala | Ufa |
| 16:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Jokić Nikitin Paurević Seidakhmet Belenov |
Report | Anton Lescano Poluyakhtov Samardžić |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 5,386 Referee: Vladislav Bezborodov |
| 17 March 2018 23 | Krasnodar | 0 – 1 | Ufa | Krasnodar |
| 18:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Laborde |
Report | Zhivoglyadov Fatai Paurević Oblyakov |
Stadium: Krasnodar Stadium Attendance: 20,626 Referee: Vladimir Moskalyov |
| 1 April 2018 24 | Ufa | 1 – 2 | Zenit St.Petersburg | Ufa |
| 18:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Paurević Oblyakov |
Report | Ivanović Nedelcearu Criscito |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 8,524 Referee: Igor Fedotov |
| 7 April 2018 25 | Arsenal Tula | 2 – 1 | Ufa | Tula |
| 21:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Gorbatenko Belyayev |
Report | Sysuyev Stotsky Salatić Jokić |
Stadium: Arsenal Stadium Attendance: 10,250 Referee: Kirill Levnikov |
| 15 April 2018 26 | Ufa | 1 – 1 | CSKA Moscow | Ufa |
| 18:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Sysuyev Zhivoglyadov |
Report | Golovin Musa |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 11,408 Referee: Evgeni Turbin |
| 22 April 2018 27 | Lokomotiv Moscow | 0 – 0 | Ufa | Moscow |
| 21:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Ćorluka Guilherme |
Report | Nedelcearu Igboun Carp Belenov |
Stadium: RZD Arena Attendance: 10,821 Referee: Roman Galimov |
| 30 April 2018 28 | Ufa | 1 – 0 | SKA-Khabarovsk | Ufa |
| 13:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Sysuyev |
Report | Hryshko Adeleye Samsonov |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 6,262 Referee: Vladislav Bezborodov |
| 7 May 2018 29 | Rubin Kazan | 0 – 0 | Ufa | Kazan |
| 19:30 YEKT (UTC+5) | Kuzmin Kudryashov |
Report | Stotsky |
Stadium: Kazan Arena Attendance: 25,440 Referee: Aleksey Matyunin |
| 13 May 2018 30 | Ufa | 5 – 0 | Tosno | Ufa |
| 16:00 YEKT (UTC+5) | Zhivoglyadov Sysuyev Igboun Tumasyan Paurević Safronidi |
Report | Nuno Rocha Skvortsov |
Stadium: Neftyanik Stadium Attendance: 10,632 Referee: Vitali Meshkov |
League table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Krasnodar | 30 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 46 | 30 | +16 | 54 | Qualification to Europa League group stage[lower-alpha 1] |
| 5 | Zenit Saint Petersburg | 30 | 14 | 11 | 5 | 46 | 21 | +25 | 53 | Qualification to Europa League third qualifying round[lower-alpha 1] |
| 6 | Ufa | 30 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 34 | 30 | +4 | 43 | Qualification to Europa League second qualifying round[lower-alpha 1] |
| 7 | Arsenal Tula | 30 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 35 | 41 | −6 | 42 | |
| 8 | Dynamo Moscow | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 29 | 30 | −1 | 40 |
Updated to match(es) played on 13 May 2018. Source: Russian Premier League, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head matches won; 4) Head-to-head goal difference; 5) Head-to-head goals scored; 6) Head-to-head away goals; 7) Matches won; 8) Goal difference; 9) Goals scored; 10) Away goals scored.[15]
Notes:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head matches won; 4) Head-to-head goal difference; 5) Head-to-head goals scored; 6) Head-to-head away goals; 7) Matches won; 8) Goal difference; 9) Goals scored; 10) Away goals scored.[15]
Notes:
- Tosno qualified for the Europa League group stage by winning the 2017–18 Russian Cup. However, since they failed to obtain a UEFA licence, the spot awarded to the cup winners was passed to fourth-placed team, the spot awarded to the fourth-placed team was passed to fifth-placed team, and the spot awarded to the fifth-placed team was passed to sixth-placed team.
Russian Cup
| 21 September 2017 Round of 32 | Olimpiyets Nizhny Novgorod | 1 – 1 (a.e.t.) (4 – 1 p) | Ufa | Nizhny Novgorod |
| 20:00 YEKY (UTC+5) | Shcherbak Malyarov Fomin Khripkov Belyakov Frolov Gogberashvili |
Report | Abdulavov |
Stadium: Lokomotiv Stadium Attendance: 1,500 Referee: Lasha Verulidze |
| Penalties | ||||
Belyakov  Fomin Ayupov Anisimov |
Tumasyan Salatić Oblyakov |
|||
Squad statistics
- As of Match played 13 May 2018
Appearances and goals
| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | Premier League | Russian Cup | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||||||||
| 3 | DF |  |
Pavel Alikin | 28 | 1 | 23+5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 4 | DF | |
Aleksei Nikitin | 19 | 1 | 16+2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 5 | DF |  |
Bojan Jokić | 26 | 2 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 6 | MF |  |
Vero Salatić | 19 | 0 | 15+3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 7 | MF | |
Dmitri Sysuyev | 27 | 5 | 16+10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 8 | DF |  |
Cătălin Carp | 11 | 0 | 5+5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 9 | MF |  |
Ondřej Vaněk | 11 | 3 | 9+2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 10 | FW |  |
Yerkebulan Seidakhmet | 2 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 13 | MF | |
Azamat Zaseyev | 18 | 0 | 9+9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 17 | DF | |
Dmitri Zhivoglyadov | 28 | 2 | 26+2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 19 | MF |  |
Ivan Paurević | 28 | 5 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 20 | DF | |
Denis Tumasyan | 17 | 0 | 14+2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 21 | FW |  |
Kehinde Fatai | 17 | 0 | 11+6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 27 | DF |  |
Ionuț Nedelcearu | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 31 | GK | |
Aleksandr Belenov | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 33 | DF | |
Aleksandr Sukhov | 11 | 0 | 8+2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 39 | MF | |
Dmitry Stotsky | 29 | 3 | 27+1 | 3 | 0+1 | 0 | ||||
| 44 | FW | |
Sylvester Igboun | 26 | 7 | 24+2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 55 | DF |  |
Jemal Tabidze | 21 | 0 | 18+2 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | ||||
| 57 | FW | |
Vyacheslav Krotov | 16 | 3 | 4+11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 60 | MF | |
Vladimir Zubarev | 3 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 70 | MF | |
Nikolai Safronidi | 3 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 87 | MF | |
Igor Bezdenezhnykh | 3 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 88 | GK | |
Giorgi Shelia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 98 | MF | |
Ivan Oblyakov | 20 | 2 | 9+11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 99 | FW | |
Islamnur Abdulavov | 8 | 1 | 1+6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Players away from the club on loan: | |||||||||||||
| Players who appeared for Ufa no longer at the club: | |||||||||||||
Goal scorers
| Place | Position | Nation | Number | Name | Russian Premier League | Russian Cup | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FW | | 44 | Sylvester Igboun | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2 | MF | | 19 | Ivan Paurević | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| FW | | 7 | Dmitri Sysuyev | 5 | 0 | 5 | |
| 4 | FW | | 9 | Ondřej Vaněk | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| FW | | 57 | Vyacheslav Krotov | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| MF | | 39 | Dmitry Stotsky | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| 7 | MF | | 98 | Ivan Oblyakov | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| DF | | 5 | Bojan Jokić | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| DF | | 17 | Dmitri Zhivoglyadov | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| 10 | DF | | 3 | Pavel Alikin | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| DF | | 4 | Aleksei Nikitin | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| FW | | 99 | Islamnur Abdulavov | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| TOTALS | 33 | 1 | 34 | ||||
Disciplinary record
| Number | Nation | Position | Name | Russian Premier League | Russian Cup | Total | |||
|
 |
|
|
|
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | | DF | Pavel Alikin | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | | DF | Aleksei Nikitin | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 5 | | DF | Bojan Jokić | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 6 | | MF | Vero Salatić | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 7 | | MF | Dmitri Sysuyev | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 8 | | DF | Cătălin Carp | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 9 | | MF | Ondřej Vaněk | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 10 | | FW | Yerkebulan Seidakhmet | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 13 | | MF | Azamat Zaseyev | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 17 | | DF | Dmitri Zhivoglyadov | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 19 | | MF | Ivan Paurević | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 20 | | DF | Denis Tumasyan | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 21 | | FW | Kehinde Fatai | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 27 | | DF | Ionuț Nedelcearu | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 31 | | GK | Aleksandr Belenov | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 39 | | MF | Dmitry Stotsky | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 44 | | FW | Sylvester Igboun | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 55 | | DF | Jemal Tabidze | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 70 | | MF | Nikolai Safronidi | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 87 | | MF | Igor Bezdenezhnykh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 98 | | MF | Ivan Oblyakov | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 99 | | FW | Islamnur Abdulavov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| TOTALS | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 0 | |||
References
- "Глава отдела лицензирования РФС: «Тосно» не подавал документы на лицензирование в еврокубках, по остальным информация скоро появится»" (in Russian). sportbox.ru. 10 May 2018.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2017-06-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Archived copy" В ФК «Уфа» пополнение во вратарской линии (in Russian). FC Ufa. 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Веролюб Салатич в Уфе!". fcufa.pro (in Russian). FC Ufa. 31 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- Джемал Табидзе – официально игрок ФК «Уфа»! (in Russian). FC Ufa. 1 July 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- "Archived copy" Михаил Бородько покидает ФК «Уфа» (in Russian). FC Ufa. 14 June 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Бородько и Симанов – в «Олимпийце» (in Russian). FC Olimpiyets Nizhny Novgorod. 19 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- "Archived copy" Андрей Батютин подписал контракт (in Russian). FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg. 12 July 2017. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Максим Семакин подписал контракт с "Енисеем" (in Russian). FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- "Archived copy" Футбольный клуб «Уфа» заключил долгосрочный контракт с Еркебуланом Сейдахметом (in Russian). FC Ufa. 12 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- «Уфа» подписала контракт с защитником молодежной сборной Румынии (in Russian). FC Ufa. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
- "Archived copy" Владимир Зубарев на правах аренды перешел в «Химки». FC Ufa. 17 February 2018. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Archived copy" Игорь Безденежных отдан в аренду. FC Ufa. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Ян Казаев, Исламнур Абдулавов и Александр Павленко стали футболистами "Томи" (in Russian). FC Tom Tomsk. 22 February 2018.
- "Premier League 2017/2018 - Season rules" (PDF). rfpl.org. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
External links
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.