FC Anzhi Makhachkala

Football Club Anzhi Makhachkala (Russian: Футбо́льный клуб «Анжи́» Махачкала́, pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj kɫup ɐnˈʐɨ məxətɕkɐˈɫa]) or FC Anji is a Russian football club based in Makhachkala, capital of the Republic of Dagestan. Founded in 1991, the club compete in the Russian Professional Football League, playing their home games at the Anzhi-Arena.

Anzhi Makhachkala
Full nameФутбольный клуб «Анжи» Махачкала[1]
Nickname(s)Orly (Eagles)
Zhelto-zelyonye (Yellow-Greens)
Founded1991 (1991)
GroundAnzhi-Arena
Capacity26,500
OwnerOsman Kadiev
Head CoachArtur Sadirov (caretaker)
LeagueRussian Professional Football League, Zone South
2019–2015th
WebsiteClub website

On 18 January 2011, Anzhi Makhachkala was purchased by billionaire Suleyman Kerimov,[2][3] and subsequently made numerous high-profile signings, including those of striker Samuel Eto'o[4] and manager Guus Hiddink. Following severe budget cuts ahead of the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season, the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table, which resulted in relegation to the Russian National Football League at the end of the season, returning at the first attempt.

History

The club was founded in 1991 by former Dinamo Makhachkala player Aleksandr Markarov with the head of Dagnefteprodukt – Magomed-Sultan Magomedov and took part in its first season in the Dagestan League the same year. The club's name Anzhi means pearl in local Kumyk language and is a former name of Makhachkala. FC Anzhi ended up as league champions with an unbeaten record and 16 wins out of 20 matches.[5]

Due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the club entered Zone 1 of the Russian Second Division (the third-highest tier) in 1992[5] and finished in fifth place. The club won their Group in 1993, but due to league reorganisation were not promoted, and remained in the new Western Zone of the third tier until a second-place finish in 1996 guaranteed promotion to the First Division,[6] under the coaching of Eduard Malofeev.[5] A key player in Anzhi's early history was Azerbaijani international forward Ibragim Gasanbekov, who was the team's top scorer in all of their first seven seasons. He was league top scorer in 1993 (30 goals) and 1996 (33 goals).

In 1999, Anzhi won the First Division, and were thus promoted to the top-flight Premier League for the first time.[5] The side missed out on a bronze-medal finish on the last day of the season, as they conceded a last-minute Torpedo Moscow penalty which took their opponents into third place.[7] On 20 June 2001, the club played in the final of the Russian Cup for the first time, losing to Lokomotiv Moscow on penalties after a 1–1 draw.[5]

Anzhi finished 15th and were relegated from the Premier League in 2002, but during their first season back in the First Division, they reached the semi-finals of the Russian Cup, where they lost 1–0 to Rostov.[8] In their seventh season in the First Division, Anzhi won the league and returned to the Premier League.[5] On 5 December 2010, defender Shamil Burziyev died in a car accident at the age of 25.[9]

Purchase
Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o was the team's captain until his departure to Chelsea in 2013
Roberto Carlos with Anzhi in 2011

On 18 January 2011, the club was purchased by Dagestani billionaire Suleyman Kerimov,[10] but later it was revealed that the President of Dagestan, Magomedsalam Magomedov, met Kerimov and gave him a 100% stake in the club, including 50% of the shares of the former owner of the club Igor Yakovlev, in exchange for financial support.[11] Kerimov was planning to invest over $200 million in infrastructure, of which a substantial amount will go in building a new stadium with a capacity of more than 40,000 spectators, which would meet all UEFA requirements.[12]

Kerimov's investment was immediate as the club made signings in the 2011 winter transfer window. The first significant signing came on 16 February, when the club announced the free transfer of Brazilian left-back Roberto Carlos, a FIFA World Cup winner in 2002.[13] Further signings included €10 million on another Brazilian, the former Corinthians midfielder Jucilei[14] and €8 million on Moroccan winger Mbark Boussoufa from Anderlecht. Boussoufa's transfer was finalised in the last minute of the window, on 10 March.[15]

In summer 2011, the club signed the Hungarian Balázs Dzsudzsák, who signed a four-year deal to transfer for a reported €14 million.[16] Anzhi also bought Russian midfielder Yuri Zhirkov from Chelsea for a similar fee.[17] On 23 August 2011, Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o signed from Inter Milan for approximately €28 million on a world-record €20.5 million annual salary.[18]

In February 2012, the club appointed the experienced Dutchman Guus Hiddink as its new manager[19] following Yuri Krasnozhan's two-month-long spell in charge. Hiddink's first signing was Congolese defender Christopher Samba, joining for £12 million from Blackburn Rovers.[20]

On 30 January 2012, Roberto Carlos announced his plans to retire at the end of the season.[21] He ended his football career on 9 March and took up a role as the club's director.[22]

On 10 October 2012, Anzhi opened a youth academy, the first in Dagestan in order to develop youth talents for the first team. The academy is being run by Anzhi Sporting Director Jelle Goes.[23]

On 22 July 2013, Hiddink resigned from his post as manager, ending an 18-month stint. His newly appointed assistant, countryman René Meulensteen, was promoted to the manager position.[24] However, after 16 days as the team manager, Meulensteen was sacked.[25]

Budget cuts

On 7 August 2013, Kerimov decided to reduce the team's annual budget by two-thirds.[26][27] As a result, on 15 August 2013, Yuri Zhirkov, Igor Denisov (who had only joined the club in June) and Aleksandr Kokorin (who himself had just signed weeks before) were packaged to Dynamo Moscow for an undisclosed fee. The three players had been purchased with the previous two years at a cost exceeding €50 million. Remchukov said that the reason for the move was the "sharp deterioration in the health of Suleyman Kerimov, because of worries about the club's lack of success".[25] In addition, Dynamo also signed Christopher Samba, Vladimir Gabulov and Aleksei Ionov from Anzhi. Other cost-cutting transfers included Samuel Eto'o and Willian to English side Chelsea (the latter of which had only just signed for Anzhi in January 2013); Lassana Diarra, Mbark Boussoufa and Arseniy Logashov to Lokomotiv Moscow; João Carlos to Spartak Moscow; and Oleg Shatov to Zenit Saint Petersburg. The firesale continued into January 2014 with the sale of striker Lacina Traoré to Monaco for €18 million and the sale of midfielder Jucilei to Emirati side Al-Jazira.[28]

Several of the players sold had been recent signings for Anzhi; Aleksandr Kokorin had signed from Dynamo only a month before being sold back to the Dinamiki and had yet to make an appearance for Anzhi. Igor Denisov and Aleksei Ionov had both only signed in June and had played only a handful of matches before being sold. Christopher Samba had rejoined Anzhi in July after a spell with Queens Park Rangers. Willian had joined in January and played only 11 league matches before being sold.

The budget cut resulted in Anzhi performing very poorly in the 2013–14 Russian Premier League: when the season ended, Anzhi finished last and were relegated after amassing a record-low of three wins and 20 points, making them the worst last-placed team in Europe.[29] However, they returned to the top division at the first attempt.

Recent history

Yuri Semin was announced as Anzhi's manager on 18 June 2015, signing a one-year contract with the option of an additional year.[30] After gaining only 6 points in first 10 games of the 2015–16 season and with Anzhi in last place, Semin left Anzhi on 29 September 2015.[31] After Semin's departure, Ruslan Agalarov was placed in charge of the club,[32] until the end of the season, saving them from relegation with a play-off victory over Volgar Astrakhan.

Pavel Vrba was appointed as the club's new manager on 30 June 2016,[33] following the expiration of Ruslan Agalarov's contract on 31 May 2016.[34] On 28 December 2016, Suleyman Kerimov sold the club to Osman Kadiyev,[35] with Pavel Vrba leaving by mutual consent two days later,[36] with Aleksandr Grigoryan being appointed as the club's new manager on 5 January 2017.[37]

Anzhi was relegated from the Russian Premier League once again at the end of the 2017–18 season, losing the relegation playoffs to FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk with an aggregate score of 4–6. On 13 June 2018, FC Amkar Perm announced that the Russian Football Union recalled their 2018–19 season license, making them ineligible for the Russian Premier League or Russian Football National League.[38] As a consequence, Anzhi took Amkar's spot and was not relegated.

Anzhi struggled again during the 2018–19 season, and following a 0–1 defeat to Arsenal Tula, their relegation back to the Russian Football National League was confirmed.[39]

On 15 May 2019, club's general director Absalutdin Agaragimov announced that the club failed Russian Football Union licensing for the 2019–20 season. The club had until the end of May to lodge an appeal.[40] On 29 May 2019, Russian Football Union licensing department chief Yevgeni Letin announced that Anzhi has recalled their appeal and, as a result, will not compete in the second-tier Russian Football National League in the 2019–20 season. They had an option of applying for the third-tier Russian Professional Football League license or potentially declaring bankruptcy.[41] On 26 June 2019, Anzhi confirmed that they had received a license to play in the Russian Professional Football League for the 2019–20 season, and that they were still unable to register new players due to outstanding debts.[42] Their 2019–20 squad mostly included the under-20 players who played for their youth team in the previous season, with most first-team players moving to other professional teams, including several notable ones (Yury Dyupin, Vladislav Kulik, Andrés Ponce) who remained in the Russian Premier League.

Crest and colours
Anzhi badge from 2007 to 2009. The club returned to the original in 2010.

The club's crest includes a yellow eagle in traditional Caucasian clothing with elements of the Dagestani flag.

The club's name derives from the word Anzhi which means "pearl" in the Kumyk language. It was also the ancient name for the land around where Makhachkala is situated.

In the 2013–14 season, they changed their kit sponsor from Adidas to Nike.

Stadium
Anzhi played at the Dynamo Stadium until 2013.
Main article: Anzhi Arena

Due to the risk of possible armed conflict in Dagestan, the club's players primarily live and train at a village near Moscow, at a training base previously used by Saturn Moscow. The club fly in for home matches,[43][44] which have a heavy security presence.[45]

The club's 28,000-seat Anzhi Arena was built in 2003, and due to its facilities is not used in European competition, for which Anzhi use the Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow. A high-priority goal of Kerimov when he purchased the club was the construction of a new 40,000 seater ground.[46]

Supporters

Anzhi receive most of their support from the Northern Caucasian region, particularly from the city of Makhachkala. The club also enjoys support from fans scattered all over Dagestan, and the local area in general.[47] The club is hated by some supporters of the Moscow-based clubs as well as Zenit Saint Petersburg, in part out of jealousy of the club's former wealth and also out of ethnic and religious animosity.[48]

European competitions

Anzhi participated in the 2001–02 UEFA Cup. Their opponents were Rangers of Scotland. Instead of usual home-and-away fixtures, UEFA decided to hold a single match in a neutral venue—the Polish Army Stadium in Warsaw—due to the unstable situation in neighbouring Chechnya. Rangers won the match 1–0.

After finishing fifth in the 2011–12 Russian Premier League, Anzhi qualified for the group stage of the UEFA Europa League for the first time in the club's history, after eliminating Budapest Honvéd in the second qualifying round, Vitesse in the third qualifying round and AZ Alkmaar in the play-off round.[49] However, they again had to play home matches away, this time at the Luzhniki Stadium, due to unrest in the city of Makhachkala. They finished second in group A behind Liverpool; both games between the two ended as 1–0 home wins. Liverpool, Anzhi and Young Boys took the top three positions in the group respectively with ten points each, and were ranked by their head-to-head record with fourth-placed Udinese; Anzhi were the only team in the group not to lose at home, having won all their home games in the group stage. Guus Hiddink's team were drawn with German side Hannover 96, who won group L. The Russians won the first leg 3–1 at the Luzhniki before a 1–1 draw in Hanover sent them through 4–2 on aggregate. They then faced Newcastle United in the next round, where Alan Pardew's men became the first team to deny Anzhi a home win in European competition. In the second leg away at St James' Park, Newcastle's Papiss Cissé headed home the winner in the last second to eliminate Anzhi; Mehdi Carcela-González had earlier been sent off for the club.

Record

1R: First round, 2Q: Second qualifying round, 3Q: Third qualifying round, PO: Play-off round

Season Competition Round Opponent Home Away Aggregate
2001–02 UEFA Cup 1R Rangers 0–11 N/A 0–1
2012–13 UEFA Europa League 2Q Budapest Honvéd 1–0 4–0 5–0
3Q Vitesse 2–0 2–0 4–0
PO AZ 1–0 5–0 6–0
Group A Liverpool 1–0 0–1 2nd place
Udinese 2–0 1–1
Young Boys 2–0 1–3
Round of 32 Hannover 96 3–1 1–1 4–2
Round of 16 Newcastle United 0–0 0–1 0–1
2013–14 UEFA Europa League Group K Tottenham Hotspur 0–2 1–4 2nd place
Sheriff Tiraspol 1–1 0–0
Tromsø 1–0 1–0
Round of 32 Genk 0–0 2–0 2–0
Round of 16 AZ 0–0 0–1 0–1
Notes

1 Only one leg was played, in a neutral venue in Warsaw, Poland, due to security concerns in Russia.

Honours
1999, 2009

Recent seasons
Russian Premier LeagueRussian Football National LeagueRussian Premier LeagueRussian Football National LeagueRussian Premier LeagueRussian Football National LeagueRussian Professional Football LeagueRussian Professional Football League

Russia
Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Cup Europe Top Scorer (League)
19923rd, Zone 153823213774648–– Gasanbekov – 14
199313827110983155R128– Gasanbekov – 30
19943rd, "West"104019516574143R256– Gasanbekov – 14
199574224414474376R32– Gasanbekov – 24
19962382837993687QF– Gasanbekov – 33
19972nd134218618667260R32– Gasanbekov – 17
1998124217619475657R64– Gasanbekov – 15
19991422688552086R64– Sirkhayev – 11
2000RFPL4301578443152QF– Ranđelović – 12
2001133071112283432RUUC1st round Sirkhayev – 10
2002153051015224225R16– Budunov – 4
20032nd642191310523370SF– Budunov – 10
2004842161214505360R32– Lakhiyalov – 9
20051142141315474855R64– Lakhiyalov – 9
2006154215819576653R64– Antipenko – 14
2007104216917414457R32– Agalarov – 6
2008642201210633572R64– Ashvetiya – 17
200913821125613175R32– Martsvaladze – 13
2010RFPL11309615293933R64– Tsorayev – 8
2011–12544191312544270R16– Eto'o – 13
2012–133301587453453RUELR16 Traoré – 12
2013–14163031116254220R32ELR167 players – 2
2014–152nd2342257602271R32– Boli – 15
2015–16RFPL13306816285026R16– Boli – 9
2016–1712307914243830QF– Khubulov – 5
2017–1814306618315524R32– Lescano – 5
2018–1915305619135021R16– Ponce – 5
2019–203rd, "South"1519379243210R2–2 players – 6

Players
As of 15 May 2020, according to the PFL official website

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 GK Timur Magomedov
2 DF Magomednabi Yagyayev
3 DF Mukhtar Khanmurzayev
4 DF Rustam Machilov
5 DF Alikadi Saidov
6 MF Magomednur Isayev
8 MF Mutaalim Magomedov
9 MF Razhab Magomedov
10 MF Chingiz Agabalayev
13 MF Dzhambulat Abdulkadyrov
14 MF Sultan Isalov
15 DF Radzhab Gusengadzhiyev
16 DF Dzhamaludin Ipayev
17 MF Magomed Magomedov
No. Position Player
19 FW Salautdin Batyrbekov
21 DF Shamil Abdurazakov
22 DF Said Shikhaliyev
37 MF Islam Khalimbekov
43 DF Yusup Vagabov
44 MF Ramazan Kerimov
52 FW Arsanbeg Murtazaliyev
54 GK Adam Shikhanmatov
70 MF Muslim Shikhbabayev
77 DF Umar Magomedbekov
88 MF Shakhban Gaydarov
93 MF Shikhamir Isayev
GK Maksim Bogatyryov
MF Anvar Khasbulatov

Reserve teams
Further information: FC Anzhi-2 Makhachkala and FC Anzhi-Yunior Zelenodolsk

Records

Top scorers by season
SeasonPlayerLeagueCupEuropeTotal
1992–93 Ibragim Gasanbekov 14 — — 14
1993–94 Ibragim Gasanbekov 30 2 — 32
1994–95 Ibragim Gasanbekov 16 — — 16
1995–96 Ibragim Gasanbekov 24 3 — 27
1996–97 Ibragim Gasanbekov 34 1 — 35
1997–98 Ibragim Gasanbekov 17 — — 17
1998–99 Ibragim Gasanbekov 15 1 — 16
1999–00 Narvik Sirkhayev 11 — — 11
2000–01 Predrag Ranđelović 12 1 — 13
2001–02 Narvik Sirkhayev 10 2 — 12
2002–03 Budun Budunov 4 2 — 6
2003–04 Budun Budunov 10 — — 10
2004–05 Shamil Lakhiyalov 9 1 — 10
2005–06 Shamil Lakhiyalov 9 1 — 10
2006–07 Aleksandr Antipenko 14 — — 14
2007–08 Ruslan Agalarov 6 1 — 7
2008–09 Mikheil Ashvetia 17 — — 17
2009–10 Otar Martsvaladze 13 — — 13
2010–11 David Tsorayev 8 — — 8
2011–12 Samuel Eto'o 13 — — 13
2012–13 Samuel Eto'o 10 2 9 21
2013–14 Alexandru Epureanu 2 1 0 3
2014–15 Yannick Boli 15 1 — 16

Notable players

Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Anzhi.

Managers

Information correct as of match played 5 December 2016. Only competitive matches are counted.

Name Nat. From To P W D L GS GA %W Honours Notes
Arsen Akayev (interim)  Russia 18 March 2010 18 April 2010 4 2 0 2 7 5 050.00
Gadzhi Gadzhiyev  Russia 18 April 2010 28 September 2011 54 20 13 21 58 62 037.04
Andrei Gordeyev (interim)  Russia 29 September 2011 27 December 2011 7 3 2 2 11 9 042.86
Yuri Krasnozhan  Russia 27 December 2011 13 February 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 !—
Guus Hiddink  Netherlands 17 February 2012[19] 22 July 2013[24] 62 33 15 14 89 52 053.23
René Meulensteen (interim)  Netherlands 22 July 2013[24] 7 August 2013[25] 2 0 1 1 1 2 000.00
Gadzhi Gadzhiyev  Russia 8 August 2013 21 May 2014 27 3 9 15 21 37 011.11 Relegated
Sergei Tashuyev  Russia 21 May 2014 9 June 2015 36 23 5 8 65 25 063.89 Promoted
Yuri Semin  Russia 18 June 2015[30] 29 September 2015[31] 11 2 3 6 12 17 018.18
Ruslan Agalarov  Uzbekistan 29 September 2015[32] 31 May 2016[34] 23 7 5 11 24 38 030.43
Pavel Vrba  Czech Republic 30 June 2016[33] 30 December 2016[36] 19 7 5 7 19 19 036.84
Aleksandr Grigoryan  Russia 5 January 2017[37] 0 0 0 0 0 0 !—
  • Notes:

P – Total of played matches W – Won matches D – Drawn matches L – Lost matches GS – Goal scored GA – Goals against
%W – Percentage of matches won

Nationality is indicated by the corresponding FIFA country code(s).

References
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  2. "Сенатор Керимов приобрел футбольный клуб "Анжи"". RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  3. "Five Reasons You Should Look Out for Anzhi Makhachkala". 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  4. Peck, Brooks (18 June 2012). "Anzhi make Samuel Eto'o the world's highest paid footballer". Sports.yahoo.com.
  5. История футбольного клуба «АНЖИ» Archived 27 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  6. The First Division, currently named Football Championship of the National League, is the second level of Russian professional football.
  7. Энциклопедия футбола:Анжи Archived 1 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  8. "Russia Cup 2002/03". Rsssf.com. 19 June 2003.
  9. Погиб Шамиль Бурзиев – Sport Express (in Russian)
  10. "Suleyman Kerimov". FC Anzhi Makhachkala. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
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  12. ""Анжи" достанется Керимову бесплатно". Gazeta.ru. 19 January 2011.
  13. "Roberto Carlos signs for Anzhi Makhachkala". Football.uk.reuters.com. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012.
  14. McLean, Andrew (22 February 2011). "Anzhi Sign Corinthians' Jucilei Da Silva For €10 Million". Goal.com.
  15. Sannie, Ibrahim (11 March 2011). "Morocco striker Mbark Boussoufa moves to Russia". BBC News.
  16. PSV winger joins Russian side in reported 14m euros switch (13 June 2011). "Dzsudzsak completes Anzhi move". Skysports.com.
  17. "Zhirkov's failure to settle in London lead to £15m Chelsea exit". Dailymail.co.uk. 13 August 2011.
  18. "Russian club close the deal to sign Samuel Eto'o". BBC News. 23 August 2011.
  19. "Guus Hiddink named Anzhi Makhachkala manager". Bbc.co.uk. 17 February 2012.
  20. Blackburn Rovers defender Christopher Samba joining Anzhi Makhachkala in £12 million deal
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  23. Подписан контракт с Йелле Гусом (in Russian)
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  29. PANIAGUABARCELONA, RAÚL (5 April 2014). "El derrumbe del Anzhi". elperiodico. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  30. Юрий Семин – главный тренер Анжи» (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 18 June 2015.
  31. Официальное заявление ФК «Анжи» (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 29 September 2015.
  32. Официальное заявление ФК Анжи. fc-anji.ru/ (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  33. Павел Врба – главный тренер «Анжи» (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 30 June 2016.
  34. Агаларов и Сирхаев покидают тренерский штаб (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 31 May 2016.
  35. Официальное заявление ФК «Анжи» (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 28 December 2016.
  36. «Анжи» и Врба прекратили сотрудничество (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 30 December 2016.
  37. Главным тренером Анжи назначен Александр Григорян. fc-anji.ru (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  38. «АМКАР» НЕ ПОЛУЧИЛ ЛИЦЕНЗИЮ РФС НА СЛЕДУЮЩИЙ СЕЗОН (in Russian). FC Amkar Perm. 13 June 2018.
  39. ""Anji" out of the Premier League" (in Russian). Russian Football National League. 10 May 2019.
  40. "Анжи" не смог пройти процедуру лицензирования РФС (in Russian). Sport Express. 15 May 2019.
  41. "Анжи" не будет выступать в ФНЛ в следующем сезоне [Anzhi will not play in the FNL next season] (in Russian). Sport Express. 29 May 2019.
  42. "Анжи выступит в ПФЛ в сезоне 2019/2020". fc-anji.ru/ (in Russian). FC Anzhi Makhachkala. 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  43. "Samuel Eto'o ready to sign for Anzhi Makhachkala". Vanguardngr.com. 11 August 2011.
  44. "Eto'o set to join Russian club – reports". Tios.co.za. 19 February 2013.
  45. Ash, Lucy (24 November 2011). "BBC News – Dagestan – the most dangerous place in Europe". Bbc.co.uk.
  46. Purnell, Gareth (25 October 2012). "Former Blackburn defender Chris Samba returns to England hoping Anzhi Makhachkala can continue run of form against Liverpool – European – Football". The Independent.
  47. "Scores travel from Russia for Europa League showdown with Newcastle". chronoclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  48. Sheringham, Sam (24 October 2012). "BBC Sport – Europa League: Anzhi Makhachkala's Russian revolution". Bbc.co.uk.
  49. "Anzhi smash five past Alkmaar to qualify for Europa". Newstrackindia.com. 31 August 2012.
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