1951–52 elections in India

Presidential election
Main article: 1952 Indian presidential election

The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes.

General election

General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country.[1]

Legislative Assembly elections

Ajmer*
Main article: 1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Ajmer Legislative Assembly election [2]
Political PartyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 302066.671,04,41144.47
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 15310.0028,05711.95
Pursharathi Panchayat 6310.0015,7817.72
Communist Party of India 203,4941.49
Socialist Party (India) 201,0550.45
Independent 79413.3381,99034.92
Total Seats 30Voters4,62,810Turnout2,34,788 (50.73 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Assam
Main article: 1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election [4]
Political PartyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 927672.3810,64,85043.48
Socialist Party 6143.813,25,69013.30
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 4010.951,46,7925.99
Communist Party of India 1810.9569,4312.84
Garo National Council 432.8614,5770.60
Khasi-Jaintia Durbar 410.9524,2480.99
All People's Party (Assam) 310.9514,9300.61
Mizo Union 332.8629,1041.19
Khasi Jaintia Federated State National Conference 110.959,4410.39
Independent 2131413.336,93,90828.34
Total Seats 105Voters49,55,390Turnout24,48,890 (49.42 %)

Bhopal*
Main article: 1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election [5]
Political PartyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 282583.331,17,65652.01
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 913.3331,68414.01
Independent 32413.3351,73622.87
Total Seats 30Voters6,10,182Turnout2,26,210 (37.07 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Bhopal State was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3] Bhopal states 1955

Bihar*
Main article: 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election [6]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 32223972.4239,51,14541.38
Socialist Party 266236.9717,29,75018.11
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 9810.302,68,4162.81
Jharkhand Party 53329.707,65,2728.01
Chota Nagpur & Santhal Parganas Janta Party 38113.333,01,6913.16
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 3410.301,07,3861.12
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 2910.3060,3600.63
Lok Sewak Sangh 1272.121,48,9211.56
All India Ganatantra Parishad 110.3014,2370.15
Independent 638144.2418,77,23619.66
Total seats 330Voters2,41,65,389Turnout95,48,835 (39.51 %)

* : Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Bombay*
Main article: 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election [7]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 31326985.4055,56,33449.95
Socialist Party 18292.8613,30,24611.96
Peasants and Workers Party of India 87144.447,17,9636.45
Scheduled Caste Federation 3710.323,44,7183.10
Kamgar Kisan Paksha 3320.632,48,1302.23
Communist Party of India 2510.321,59,9941.44
Krishikar Lok Party 1610.321,07,4080.97
Independent 427185.7119,17,57417.24
Total seats 315Voters2,19,04,595Turnout1,11,23,242 (50.78 %)

*: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was re-organized by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State while Abu Road taluka of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan.[3]

Coorg*
Main article: 1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election [8]
Political partyFlagCandidatesWon% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 241562.5048,84555.54
Independent 34937.5037,71642.88
Communist Party of India 201,3861.58
Total 24 14 Voters: 138,440 Turnout 87,947 (63.53 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Coorg State was merged into Mysore State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Delhi*
Main article: 1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election [9]
Political PartyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 473981.252,71,81252.09
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 31510.421,14,20721.89
Socialist Party 624.1712,3962.38
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 512.086,8911.32
Independent 7812.0882,97215.90
Total Seats 48Voters7,44,668Turnout5,21,766 (58.52 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Delhi was made a Union Territory under the direct administration of the President of India and the Delhi Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously.[3] Next legislative assembly elections in Delhi were held in 1993, when Union Territory of Delhi was formally declared as National Capital Territory of Delhi by the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Indian constitution.[10]

Himachal Pradesh*
Main article: 1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [11]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 352466.6784,81947.25
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 2238.3326,37114.69
Scheduled Caste Federation 912.7810,3525.77
Independent 36822.2247,74626.6
Total seats 36Voters7,13,554Turnout1,79,515 (25.16 %)

* : Under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956, under the direct administration of the President of India and the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly was abolished simultaneously.[3] Under Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, it became a state and the next legislative elections were held in 1967.

Hyderabad*
Main article: 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election [12]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 1739353.1421,77,71641.86
Socialist Party 97116.295,90,20911.35
People's Democratic Front 774224.0010,80,09220.76
Scheduled Castes Federation 2452.862,66,4825.12
Peasants and Workers Party of India 21105.712,15,9924.15
Independent 136148.007,58,31814.58
Total seats 175Voters1,21,14,635Turnout52,02,214 (42.94 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State, except the districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, Bidar and Marathwada, was merged into Andhra State to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The districts of Raichur, Bidar and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada districts was merged with the Bombay State.[3]

Madhya Bharat*
Main article: 1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election [13]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 997575.769,38,91847.24
Socialist Party 5944.041,45,8457.34
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 4244.041,93,6279.74
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 3922.021,43,1327.20
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 331111.112,36,82411.92
Independent 13133.032,58,15712.99
Total seats 99Voters57,23,673Turnout19,87,410 (34.72 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district) was merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district of Madhya Bharat was merged in Rajasthan.[3]

Madhya Pradesh*
Main article: 1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [14]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 22519483.6234,34,05849.07
Socialist Party 14320.866,61,8749.46
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 7183.453,65,3715.22
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 3531.291,75,3242.51
S. K. Paksha 1920.861,01,6701.45
Independent 469239.9116,01,56522.89
Total seats 232Voters1,55,13,592Turnout69,97,588 (45.11 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal state and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Nagpur Division was transferred to Bombay State.[3]

Madras*
Main article: 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election [15]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote % Govt.
Formation
Indian National Congress 36715240.5369,88,70134.88 Leading Party
Socialist Party 163133.4712,99,2826.48
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 148359.3318,03,3779.00 **Full support
Communist Party of India 1316216.5326,40,33713.18
Krishikar Lok Party# 63154.006,29,8933.14 *Outside support,
joined the cabinet
in 1954
Scheduled Castes Federation 3720.533,39,6801.70
Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party* 34195.078,52,3304.25
Commonweal Party** 1361.602,18,2881.09
Madras State Muslim League Party** 1351.331,86,5460.93 #3 KLP legislators
and
15 Independents
joined Congress
Justice Party 910.2782,2310.41
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 630.801,38,2030.69
Independent# 6676216.5347,58,76823.75
Total seats 375Voters3,66,00,615Turnout 2,00,38,423 (54.75 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, the southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the Madras State while the Malabar district of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created.[3]

Mysore*
Main article: 1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election [16]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 997474.7512,76,31846.35
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 5988.083,91,65314.22
Socialist Party 4733.032403908.73
Scheduled Caste Federation 722.0247,9161.74
Communist Party of India 511.0125,1160.91
Independent 1541111.117,10,35925.79
Total seats 99Voters54,66,487Turnout27,53,870 (50.38 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State, and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State.[3]

Orissa
Main article: 1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election [17]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 1356747.8613,92,50137.87
Socialist Party 79107.144,32,73111.77
All India Ganatantra Parishad 583122.147,53,68520.50
Communist Party of India 3375.002,06,7575.62
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 210.7212,8740.35
Independent 2042417.148,43,44622.94
Total seats 140Voters1,07,53,175Turnout36,77,046 (34.19 %)

Patiala & East Punjab States Union
 Summary of results of the 1952 Patiala & East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election [18]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 512643.333,88,18528.66
Akali Dal 411931.673,17,50223.44
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 2323.3343,8093.23
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 1511.6720,1791.49
Communist Party of India 1423.3364,6524.77
Lal Communist Party Hind Union 511.6721,5391.59
Scheduled Caste Federation 711.6747,2163.49
Independent 188813.333,96,95629.31
Total seats 60Voters22,98,385Turnout13,54,476 (58.93 %)

Punjab*
Main article: 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election [19]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 1219676.1918,30,60136.69
Shiromani Akali Dal 481310.326,20,45512.44
Zamindar Party 3121.593,72,1267.46
Communist Party of India 2643.171,93,9743.89
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 1910.7969,6941.40
Lal Communist Party Hind Union 910.7957,7391.16
Independent 44697.1411,92,89623.91
Total seats 126Voters86,23,498Turnout49,89,077 (57.85 %)

* : Punjab was enlarged by the addition of Patiala & East Punjab States Union in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act of 1956.[3]

Rajasthan*
Main article: 1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election [20]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 1568251.2512,86,95339.46
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 592415.003,99,95812.26
Socialist Party 5110.631,35,9714.17
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 5085.001,93,5325.93
Krishikar Lok Party 46743.752,70,8078.30
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 621.2528,1830.86
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 610.6316,4110.50
Independent 2303521.888,96,67127.49
Total seats 160Voters92,68,215Turnout32,61,442 (35.19 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.[3]

Saurashtra*
Main article: 1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election [21]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 595591.67606,93463.79
Saurashtra Khedut Sangh 3711.67139,44914.66
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 25043,0434.52
Socialist Party 2823.3334,7783.66
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 16030,9073.25
Communist Party of India 307,7910.82
Scheduled Castes Federation 304,9770.52
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 304,3460.46
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 103,6600.38
Independent 5023.3375,6247.95
Total seats 60Voters20,81,140Turnout9,51,509 (45.72 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged into Bombay State as per the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

Travancore-Cochin$
Main article: 1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election [22]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 1054440.7412,04,36435.44
Socialist Party 701110.194,85,19414.28
Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress 1587.412,01,1185.92
Cochin Party 1210.9359,5351.75
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1165.561,18,3333.48
Kerala Socialist Party 1010.9373,9812.18
Independent 1993734.2611,51,55533.89
Total seats 108Voters50,54,733Turnout33,98,193 (67.23 %)

$ : In 1952 elections of legislative assembly, no party found the majority. Indian National Congress formed a coalition government with the help of Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress, Kerala Socialist Party and a nominated member.[23]

Uttar Pradesh
Main article: 1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [24]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 42938890.2380,32,47547.93
Socialist Party 349204.6520,15,32012.03
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 26810.239,55,7085.70
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 21120.4710,81,3956.45
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 9510.232,91,2471.75
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 6310.232,39,1101.43
Uttar Pradesh Praja Party 5510.233,01,3221.80
Uttar Pradesh Revolutionary Socialist Party 910.2357,2840.34
Independent 1006153.4932,94,50019.66
Total Seats 430Voters4,40,89,646Turnout1,67,58,619 (38.01 %)

Vindhya Pradesh*
Main article: 1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election [25]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 564066.672,70,01339.60
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 4935.001,10,46516.2
Socialist Party 461118.331,28,18718.80
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 3323.3367,3309.88
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 1723.3330,8174.52
Independent 4223.3362,1029.11
Total Seats 60Voters24,03,588Turnout6,81,799 (28.37 %)

* : On 1 November 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

West Bengal*
Main article: 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
 Summary of results of the 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election [26]
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested		Won% of
Seats		VotesVote %
Indian National Congress 23615063.562,889,99438.82
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 129156.36667,4468.97
Communist Party of India 862811.86800,95110.76
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 8593.81415,4585.58
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 48114.66393,5915.29
Socialist Party 630215,3822.89
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha 3341.691,76,7622.37
Forward Bloc (Ruikar) 3220.851,07,9051.45
Revolutionary Socialist Party 16063,1730.85
Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Tagore) 10032,8590.44
Bolshevik Party of India 80201170.27
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 1407,1000.10
Independent 614198.051,653,16522.21
Total seats 238Voters17,628,239Turnout7,443,903 (42.23 %)

* : West Bengal was enlarged slightly by the transfer of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.[3]

See also

References
  1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p572 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
  2. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Ajmer" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  3. "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. October 15, 1955. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  4. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Assam" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  5. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bhopal" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  6. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bihar" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  7. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bombay" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  8. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Coorg". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  9. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Delhi" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
  10. "Sixty-ninth amendment". Delhi Assembly official website. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  11. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  12. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  13. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  14. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  15. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  16. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Mysore" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  17. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Orissa" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  18. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Patiala & East Punjab States Union" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  19. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Punjab" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  20. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  21. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Sourashtra" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  22. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Travancore-Cochin" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  23. Chander, N. Jose (2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. p. 74. ISBN 9788180690921.
  24. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  25. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Vindhya Pradesh" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  26. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
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