1238
Year 1238 (MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1238 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1238 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1238 MCCXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1991 |
| Armenian calendar | 687 ԹՎ ՈՁԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5988 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1159–1160 |
| Bengali calendar | 645 |
| Berber calendar | 2188 |
| English Regnal year | 22 Hen. 3 – 23 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1782 |
| Burmese calendar | 600 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6746–6747 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3934 or 3874 — to — 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3935 or 3875 |
| Coptic calendar | 954–955 |
| Discordian calendar | 2404 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1230–1231 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4998–4999 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1294–1295 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1159–1160 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4338–4339 |
| Holocene calendar | 11238 |
| Igbo calendar | 238–239 |
| Iranian calendar | 616–617 |
| Islamic calendar | 635–636 |
| Japanese calendar | Katei 4 / Ryakunin 1 (暦仁元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1147–1148 |
| Julian calendar | 1238 MCCXXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3571 |
| Minguo calendar | 674 before ROC 民前674年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −230 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1780–1781 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1364 or 983 or 211 — to — 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1365 or 984 or 212 |
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Events
By place
Europe
- March 4 – Mongol invasion of Rus – Battle of the Sit River: The Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan defeat the Rus', under Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- August 21 – Battle of Örlygsstaðir: Sighvatr Sturluson and Sturla Sighvatsson are defeated by Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson and Gissur Þorvaldsson, for control of Iceland.
- September 28 – James I of Aragon captures the city of Valencia from the Moors, who retreat to Granada.
- The seat of the Patriarch of Aquileia is transferred to Udine.
- Simon de Montfort marries Eleanor, sister of Henry III of England.
- The Livonian Order gives Northern Estonia back to Denmark, with the Treaty of Stensby.
- The Mongols seize Moscow, at the time a small town.
- Peterborough Cathedral is consecrated.
- The founder of the Nasrid Dynasty, Muhammad I of Granada, begins Alhambra Complex on the site of a pre-Islamic fortress.
- Thowadra Monastery is founded in Bhutan.
- Communal uprisings in Santiago de Compostela against the archbishop.
Asia
- The Khmers are expelled from Luang Phrabang in Laos.
- The Sukhothai Kingdom is founded in Thailand.
- The Nizari Imam Ala al-Din Muhammad and the Abbasid caliph Al-Mustansir send a joint diplomatic mission to the European kings Louis IX of France and Edward I of England to forge a Muslim–Christian alliance against the Mongols, but this is unsuccessful.[1][2][2]
Births
- May 1 – Magnus Lagabøte, king of Norway (d. 1280)
- May 3 – Emilia Bicchieri, Italian saint (d. 1314)
- November – Henry de Montfort, son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (d. 1265)
- date unknown
- Nizamuddin Auliya, Indian Sufi saint (d. 1325)
- Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1302)
- Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (d. 1295)
- Shri Madhvacharya, Vaishnavite saint and founder of the Dvaita School (d. 1317)
Deaths
- March 4
- Joan of England, Queen of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1210)[3]
- Prince Yuri II of Vladimir (b. 1189)
- March 19 – Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Lower Silesia (b. c. 1165)
- June 9 – Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester
- date unknown
- Al-Kamil, Ayyubid sultan of Egypt
- Hugh le Despenser, English nobleman
References
- Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. pp. 418–420. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
- Daftary, Farhad. "The Mediaeval Ismailis of the Iranian Lands | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". www.iis.ac.uk. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- Elizabeth Ewan, ed. (2006). The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004 (Reprinted ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. p. 400. ISBN 0-7486-1713-2.
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