1108
Year 1108 (MCVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1108 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1108 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1108 MCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1861 |
| Armenian calendar | 557 ԹՎ ՇԾԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5858 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1029–1030 |
| Bengali calendar | 515 |
| Berber calendar | 2058 |
| English Regnal year | 8 Hen. 1 – 9 Hen. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1652 |
| Burmese calendar | 470 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6616–6617 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 3804 or 3744 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3805 or 3745 |
| Coptic calendar | 824–825 |
| Discordian calendar | 2274 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1100–1101 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4868–4869 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1164–1165 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1029–1030 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4208–4209 |
| Holocene calendar | 11108 |
| Igbo calendar | 108–109 |
| Iranian calendar | 486–487 |
| Islamic calendar | 501–502 |
| Japanese calendar | Kajō 3 / Tennin 1 (天仁元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1013–1014 |
| Julian calendar | 1108 MCVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3441 |
| Minguo calendar | 804 before ROC 民前804年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −360 |
| Seleucid era | 1419/1420 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1650–1651 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1234 or 853 or 81 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1235 or 854 or 82 |
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King Louis VI (the Fat) (r. 1108–1137)
Events
By place
Europe
- Spring – King Sigurd I (the Crusader) sails from England, on the Norwegian Crusade to Palestine. He repels a Muslim fleet near the Tagus River, then attacks Sintra, Lisbon and Alcácer do Sal, and finally defeats a second Muslim fleet further south.[1]
- May 29 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid forces defeat the armies of Castile and León. The advance of the Reconquista is halted, and the Berbers re-capture the towns of Uclés, Cuenca, Huete and Ocaña. The Christians, many of nobility, are beheaded.[2]
- July 29 – King Philip I (the Amorous) dies at Melun, after a 48-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Louis VI (the Fat), who faces at the start of his rule insurrections, from feudal brigands and rebellious robber barons.
- September – Siege of Dyrrhachium: Italo-Norman forces under Bohemond I lift the siege due to illness and lack of supplies. Bohemond becomes a vassal of the Byzantine Empire by signing the Treaty of Devol.
- Autumn – The Principality of Nitra ceases to exist, after King Coloman (the Learned) of Hungary, deposes its last ruler, Álmos, duke of Croatia.
- The consuls of Bergamo are first mentioned, indicating that the city has become an independent commune in Lombardy (Northern Italy).[3]
Levant
- Summer – Jawali Saqawa, Turkish ruler (atabeg) of Mosul, accepts a ransom of 30,000 dinar by Count Joscelin I and releases his cousin Baldwin II, count of Edessa, who is held as prisoner (see 1104).[4]
- Baldwin II marches out against Sidon, with the support of a squadron of sailor-adventurers from various Italian cities. A Fatimid fleet from Egypt defeats the Italians in a sea-battle outside the harbour.[5]
Asia
- The Taira and Minamoto clans join forces to rule Japan, after defeating the warrior monks of the Enryaku-ji temple near Kyoto. The Taira replaces many Fujiwara nobles in important offices – while the Minamoto gains more military experience by bringing parts of Northern Honshu under Japanese control (approximate date).
By topic
Religion
- Chichester Cathedral is consecrated under Ralph de Luffa, bishop of Chichester, in England.
- Construction begins on the tower of Winchester Cathedral, building continues until 1120.
- Pistoia Cathedral in Italy is damaged by a severe fire.
Births
- Andronikos Komnenos, Byzantine prince (d. 1142)
- Baldwin IV (the Builder), count of Hainaut (d. 1171)
- Bohemond II, Italo-Norman prince of Antioch (d. 1130)
- Derbforgaill (or Derval), Irish princess (d. 1193)
- Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, Seljuk sultan (d. 1152)
- Henry X (the Proud), duke of Bavaria (d. 1139)
- Leopold IV (the Generous), duke of Bavaria (d. 1141)
Deaths
- January 4 – Gertrude, Grand Princess of Kiev
- March 18 – Abe no Munetō, Japanese samurai (b. 1032)
- May 21 – Gerard, Norman archbishop of York
- May 29
- García Ordóñez, Castilian nobleman
- Sancho Alfónsez, Castilian nobleman
- July 5 – Guy of Hauteville, Italo-Norman diplomat
- July 29 – Philip I (the Amorous), king of France
- November 15 – Enrico Contarini, bishop of Castello
- García Álvarez, Castilian official and military leader
- Gonzalo, bishop of Mondoñedo (approximate date)
- Gregory III, count of Tusculum (approximate date)
- Gundulf, bishop of Rochester (approximate date)
- Guy II (the Red), French nobleman and crusader
- Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria, Norman noblewoman (b. 1060)
- Urse d'Abetot, Norman sheriff of Worcestershire
- Veera Ballala I, Indian ruler of the Hoysala Empire
- Wang, Chinese empress of the Song Dynasty (b. 1084)
References
- Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2130488102.
- McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55". Journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
- Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93930-5.
- Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 90. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 74. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
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