Yusuf Adil Shah

Yusuf Adil Shah
Adil Shahi
Reign 1489–1511
Successor Ismail Adil Shah
Died 1511
Gogi, Shahpur, Karnataka
Burial 1511
Spouse Baboojee Khatoon or Poonji Khatoon Daughter of Mukund Rao of Indapur
Issue 1)Ismail Adil Shah
2) Mariyam Sultana Wife of Burhan Nizam Shah I
3) Khadeeja Sultana Wife of Aladdin Imad Shah
4) Bibi Sati Wife of Ahmed Shah Ibn Mahmood Shah Bahmani
Full name
Abul Muzaffar Yusuf Adil Khan Sawi
Dynasty Adil Shahi Empire
Religion Shia

Yusuf Adil Shah (1450–1511), referred as Adil Khan or Hidalcão by the Portuguese, was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur for nearly two centuries.[1] As the founder of the newly formed Bijapur dynasty (as the Adil Shahi dynasty is also known), Yusuf Adil Shah is credited with developing the town of Bijapur and elevating it to significant status.

Legend of origin

The founder of the dynasty, Yusuf Adil Shah, may have been a Georgian slave[2][3] who was purchased by Mahmud Gawan from Iran. Other historians mentioned him of Persian[4] or Turkmen[5][6] origin.

Some historians state Yusuf was a son of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II,[7][8] while another states he was a Turkman of the Aq-Quyunlu.[9]

Career

Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in the Bahmani sultan's favor, and resulted in his being appointed Governor of Bijapur.

In 1489, Yusuf took advantage of the decline of the Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur. He waged war against the Vijayanagar empire, as also against Bijapur's Muslim neighbours. Yusuf invited Vijayanagara general Tuluva Narasa Nayaka for peace treaty and had him and his generals murdered. The Bijapur sultanate he founded was a formidable force for close to two centuries until it was finally defeated by Aurangzeb in 1686.[8]

Adil Shah is personally responsible for building the imposing Citadel or Arkilla[10] and the palace named Faroukh Mahal. Yusuf was a man of culture and invited poets and artisans from Persia, Turkey and Rome to his court. He was also an accomplished musician and scholar with deep religious tolerance that was reflected in art and architecture from this time.

Yusuf Adil Shah married Punji, the sister of a Maratha warrior. He died in 1511, shortly after the loss of Goa to the Portuguese governor Afonso de Albuquerque, in 1510. Yusuf left behind a strong if small state, one which persisted through two relatively chaotic centuries in a region rife with political ferment. He was succeeded by his son Ismail, who being a minor, was aided in his rule by a certain Kamal Khan.

Notes

  1. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 119. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. p. 101.
  3. ↑ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia. p. 101.
  4. ↑ Meri, Josef W. (January 2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. In 1481, Yusuf ‘Adil Khan, a Persian slave who claimed to descend from the Ottoman sultan Murad III, became the governor of Bijapur.
  5. ↑ Vernon O. Egger (2016). A History of the Muslim World since 1260: The Making of a Global Community.
  6. ↑ Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. p. 55.
  7. ↑ Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee (2011). Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics. University of Washington Press. p. 25.
  8. 1 2 Salma Ahmed Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, (Dorling Kindersley, 2011), p.174. .
  9. ↑ Bolar, Varija R (2012). "Turks in Karnataka" (PDF). International Journal of Social Studies 4 (1): 423.
  10. ↑ Ahammad, Mustak (2013). Military Architecture under the Adilshahis of Bijapur. p. 2.

References

  • India History
  • Wakiyate Mamlakate Bijapur by Basheeruddin Dehelvi.
  • Tareekhe Farishta by Kasim Farishta
  • External Relation of Bijapur Adil Shahis.
  • Devare, T. N. A short history of Persian literature; at the Bahmani, the Adilshahi, and the Qutbshahi courts. Poona: S. Devare, 1961.
  • public domain Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bijawar s.v. History". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 928.
Preceded by
Founder of the Dynasty		 Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur
1489–1511		 Succeeded by
Ismail Adil Shah
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