Phonology
The phonology of Yoy, according to Phakkahn (2017).[4]
Consonants
Only /p t k ʔ m n ŋ j w/ occur in word-final position. Yoy also has six initial consonant clusters which are /tw-/, /kw-/, /kw-/, /sw-/, /hw-/, and /bw-/.
Some words show alternate pronunciations between the initial syllable consonants:
- /jaːk⁵/ ~ /ɲaːk⁵/ to want
- /jaːw²/ ~ /ɲaːw²/ long
- /joːj⁴/ ~ /ɲoːj⁴/ Yoy
Vowels
Yoy has two different phonemic vowel lengths. There are nine short vowels and nine long vowels. In the word-final open syllables, there is no contrast between short and long vowels, but in closed syllables and non-final open syllables, short and long vowels are distinctive.[4]
Tones
Yoy has five phonologically distinctive tones in non-checked syllables. Checked syllables in Yoy can carry only tone 1 (mid-leveled tone), tone 2 (high-rising tone), and tone 5 (low-falling creaky).[4]
Vocabulary
Numberals
English |
Yoy |
one |
nɯŋ¹ |
two |
sɔːŋ³ |
three |
saːm³ |
four |
siː⁵ |
five |
haː⁵ |
six |
hok² |
seven |
tɕet² |
eight |
pæːt⁵ |
nine |
kaw¹ |
ten |
sip² |
hundred |
hoːj⁴ |
thousand |
pʰan² |
Verbs
English |
Yoy |
to go |
paj³ |
to open |
pɤːt⁵ |
to dream |
pʰan³ |
to fall |
tok² |
to wash (clothes) |
top² |
to die |
taj³ |
to wait |
tʰaː⁵ |
to bite |
kat² |
to ask |
tʰaːm³ |
to think |
kʰɯt⁴ |
to throw |
kʰwæŋ⁵ |
to smell |
dom³ |
to burn |
ʔuːt⁵ |
to sit |
mep⁵ |
to like |
mak⁵ |
to smile |
ɲiːm⁴ |
to want |
ɲaːk⁵ |
to eat |
kin² |
to do |
het¹ |
to teach |
sɔːn³ |
to run |
læn⁴ |
to play |
lin⁵ |
Nouns
English |
Yoy |
eye |
taː³ |
sun |
ta¹ wen² |
sky |
tʰɔŋ⁴ pʰaː⁵ |
milk |
tu² |
skin |
kʰiːŋ² |
fire |
pʰaj² |
mountain |
pʰu¹ kʰaw³ |
fish |
paː³ |
wood |
pæn⁴ |
tree |
kok¹ maj¹ |
tooth |
kʰæːw⁵ |
leg |
kʰaː³ |
chin |
kʰaːŋ² |
egg |
kʰaj² |
people |
kʰon² |
rice |
kʰaːw⁵ |
leaf |
baɯʔ³ |
soil |
din³ |
water |
naːm⁴ |
cloud |
mek¹ |
dog |
maː³ |
bird |
nok⁵ |
blood |
lɯat¹ |
Adjectives
English |
Yoy |
far |
kaj³ |
near, short (distance) |
kaɯ⁴ |
old |
kaw¹ |
new |
maj⁵ |
good |
diː³ |
fat |
pʰiː² |
beautiful |
tɕop² |
red |
dæŋ³ |
black |
dam³ |
white |
kʰaːw⁵ |
soft |
ʔon⁵ |
stupid |
pɯk² |
wet |
ʔɯn³ |
dry |
hæŋ⁵ |
big |
ɲaɯ² |
few |
noj⁵ |
References
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