Yaru Quechua

Yaru Quechua
Native to Perú
Native speakers
 (150,000 (partial count) cited 1993–1998)[1]
plus 20,000 Chaupihuaranga (1972 census)[1]
Quechua
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Variously:
qva – Ambo-Pasco
qur – Chaupihuaranga / Yanahuanca
qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco
qvn – North Junín
Glottolog yaru1256[2]
paca1245  Pacaraos[3]

Yaru Quechua is a dialect cluster of Quechua, spoken in the Peruvian provinces of Pasco and Daniel Alcides Carrión and neighboring areas in northern Junín and Lima department.

The branch of Yaru which has been best described is Tarma Quechua, by Willem F. H. Adelaar in his 1977 Tarma Quechua: Grammar, texts, dictionary. Tarma Quechua is spoken in the districts of Tarma, Huaricolca, Acobamba, La Unión Leticia, Palca, Palcamayo, Tapo, Huasahuasi and San Pedro de Cajas in Junín region, Peru.[4]

The Tarma dialect has 3 vowels: /a, i, u/. All vowels have long equivalents, and North Junin displays contrastive vowel length.[5] The consonant chart is from the Tarma dialect.

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palato-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b g
Affricate t͡ʃ tʂ
Fricative s ʃ x
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant plain j w
lateral ʎ
Flap

The variety of Tarma spoken in San Pedro de Cajas lacks a voiced bilabial stop /b/ and adds a voiceless uvular fricative /χ/.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 Ambo-Pasco at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Chaupihuaranga / Yanahuanca at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    North Junín at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaru Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pacaraos Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Adelaar, Willem F. H. (1977). Tarma Quechua: Grammar, texts, dictionary. Amsterdam: Peter de Ridder. p. 20.
  5. 1 2 "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-19.

Bibliography

  • Adelaar, 2004. The Languages of the Andes.


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