Admiral of the North
Office of the Admiral of the North | |
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Admiralty of the North | |
Reports to | Privy Council of England |
Nominator | Monarch of England |
Appointer |
Monarch of England Subject to formal approval by the King-in-Council |
Term length | Not fixed , (usually for life) |
Inaugural holder | John de Botetourt, 1st Baron Botetourt |
Formation | 1294-1412 |
The Admiral of the North[1] also known as Admiral of the Northern Seas and Admiral of the Northern Fleet [2] was a senior English Navy appointment. The post holder was chiefly responsible for the command of the navy's fleet[3] that operated in the North Sea and off the English coast out of Yarmouth from 1294 to 1412.
History
The origins of the office Admiral of the North[4] dates back to 1294 with the appointment of John de Botetourt. The office was known by different names from its inception, such as Admiral of the North and Admiral on the Yarmouth Station (1294–-1325), Admiral of the North Sea, Admiral of the Northern Squadron and Admiral North, of the Thames[5] with the exception of the office of Admiral of all the Fleets about England[6] between 1360 and 1364 and the creation of the office of Admiral of England from 1385 to 1388[6] according to Ehrman "During the fourteenth centuries this office grew rapidly in importance" [7] it was one of the two Admiralty's that existed at this time, and in 1412 this office along with the Admiralty of the West was amalgamated into a single office High Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine.[8] It was considered the most important naval command in the English Navy from the late 13th century until the beginning of the 15th century.[9]
Admirals of the North
- Admiral Sir John de Botetourt, 1st Baron Botetourt, 1294 – 1306 [6][10]
- Admiral Edward Charles, 1306 – 1314 [6][10]
- Admiral Sir Peter Bard, 1314 – 1316 [10]
- Admiral Sir John Perbrun or Perburn, 1316 – 1318 [6]
- No appointments 1318 – 1322
- Admiral John Perbrun or Perburn, 1322- 1324 [6][10]
- Admiral Sir John Sturmy, 1324 – 1325 [6][10]
- Admiral Sir John Ottervin, 1325 [6]
- Admiral Sir John de Sturmy, 1325 – 1326 [6]
- Admiral Sir John Strumy and Sir John Layborn, 1326 – 1327, (jointly) [6][10]
- Admiral Sir John Perbrun, 1327 – 1334 [6][10]
- Admiral John de Norwich, Lord Norwich 2 January 1334 – 18 February 1335
- Admiral Sir Thomas Ughtred, 18 February 1335 – 10 April 1336[6]
- Admiral Sir John de Norwich, 10 April 1336 – 14 January 1337 [6]
- Admiral Sir Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Sir John de Roos, 14 January 1337 – 18 July 1337 (jointly) [6]
- Admiral Sir Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny, 18 July 1337 – 28 July 1338 [6]
- Admiral Sir Thomas de Draiton, 28 July 1338 – 18 February 1339 [6]
- Admiral Sir Robert de Morley, 2nd Baron Morley, 18 February 1339 – 20 December 1342 [6]
- Admiral Sir William Truffel. 20 December 1342 – 23 February 1344 [6]
- Admiral Sir Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk, 23 February 1344 – 8 March 1347 [6]
- Admiral Sir John de Howard, 8 March 1347 –1 4 March 1348 [6]
- Admiral Sir Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny, 14 March 1348 – 1350 [6]
- Admiral Sir Robert de Causton, 1350 – 1351 [6]
- Admiral Robert de Morley, 2nd Baron Morley, 1351 – 8 March 1352 [6]
- Admiral William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, 8 March 1352 – 5 March 1355
- Admiral Sir Robert Morely, the Baron Hengham, 5 March 1355 – 1356[6]
- Admiral Robert de Morley, 2nd Baron Morley, 1356 – 18 July 1360 [6]
- No appointments:18 July 1360 – 12 January 1362
- Admiral Sir Nicholas Tamworth, 12 January 1362 – 30 March 1370[11]
- Admiral John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, 30 March 1370 – 5 October 1371[11]
- Admiral Sir Ralph de Ferrers, 5 October 1371 – 7 March 1372[11]
- Admiral Sir William de Neville, 7 March 1372 – 16 July 1376[11]
- Admiral William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, 16 July 1376 – 24 November 1376[11]
- Admiral Sir Michael de la Pole, Baron of Wingfield, 24 November 1376 – 5 December 1377[11]
- Admiral Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, 5 December 1377 – 5 November 1378[11]
- Admiral Sir Thomas Percy Beauchamp, Earl of Northumberland, 5 November 1378 – 8 March 1379[11]
- Admiral Sir William Elmham, 8 March 1379 –26 October 1382[11]
- Admiral Sir Walter Fritz Walter, 5th Baron FitzWalter and of Woodham, 26 October 1382 – 19 November 1383[11]
- Admiral Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 19 November 1383 – 26 January 1384[11]
- Admiral Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, 26 January 1384 – 22 February 1385 (brother of the Earl of Northumberland[11]
- Admiral Philip, 4th Lord Darcy de Knayth, 22 February 1385 – 10 December 1385[12]
- No appointments:10 December 1385 – 20 May 1388
- Admiral Sir John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont & Sir John Roches jointly, 20 May 1388 – 22 June 1389[11]
- Admiral Sir John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, 22 June 1389 – 22 March 1390[11]
- Admiral Edward, Earl of Rutland, 22 March 1390 – 19 November 1391
- No appointments see Admiral of the North & West, 19 November 1391 – 26 April 1400
- Admiral Richard Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor, 26 April 1400 – 5 November 1403
- Admiral Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter, 5 November 1403 – 20 February 1404 (brother to the Marquess of Dorset)
- No appointments: see Admiral of the North and West, 20 February 1404 – 28 April 1405
- Admiral Sir Nicholas Blackburn, 28 April 1405 – 23 December 1406
- Admiral Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter, 21st December 1408-1426 (appointed Adm of the North for life)[13]
- Note: The office although vacant was amalgamated into a centralized command under the single office of the Lord Admiral of England in 1412.[14]
See also
- Admiral of all the Fleets
- Admiral of the West
- Admiral of the South
- Admiral of the Narrow Seas
- Admiral of the North and West
- Admiral of the North and South
References
Citations
- ↑ Phillips, Simon (2009). The Prior of the Knights Hospitaller in late medieval England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. p. 52. ISBN 9781843834373.
- ↑ "FASTOLF, Hugh (d.c.1392), of Great Yarmouth and Caister, Norf. and London. | History of Parliament Online". historyofparliamentonline.org. The History of Parliament Trust 1964-2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ↑ Myers, Alec Reginald; Douglas, David Charles (1996). English historical documents. 4. [Late medieval]. 1327–1485. Psychology Press. p. 497. ISBN 9780415604673.
- ↑ Cushway, Graham (2011). Edward III and the War at Sea: The English Navy, 1327–1377. Boydell Press. p. 222. ISBN 9781843836216.
- ↑ Hardy, Thomas Duffy (1869). Calendar of State Papers, 1066 to 1377. Longmans Green and Co. p. 338.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Houbraken, Jacobus; Thoyras, Paul de Rapin; Vertue, George (1747). The History of England, A List of Admirals of England, 1228-1745. J. and P. Knapton. pp. 271–273.
- ↑ Ehrman, John (2012). The Navy in the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN 9781107645110.
- ↑ Ehrman, John (2012). The Navy in the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN 9781107645110.
- ↑ Ainsworth, William Harrison (1843). "Ainsworth's Magazine". 3. Chapman and Hall: 42.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain. 660 to 1649. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 504–506. ISBN 9780140297249.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gorski, edited by Richard (2012). "Keeping the Seas: England's Admirals 1369-1389". Roles of the sea in medieval England. Woodbridge, U.K.: Boydell Press. pp. 81–88. ISBN 9781843837015.
- ↑ "Person Page 34241 : Philip Darcy, 4th Lord Darcy de Knayth". thepeerage.com. The Peerage, 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ↑ Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris (1847). A History of the Royal Navy, from the Earliest Times to the Wars of the French Revolution: 1327-1422. London, England: R. Bentley. p. 396.
- ↑ Ehrman, John (2012). The Navy in the War of William III 1689-1697: Its State and Direction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN 9781107645110.
Sources
- Cushway, Graham (2011). Edward III and the War at Sea: The English Navy, 1327–1377. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843836216.
- Ehrman, John (2012). The Navy in the war of William III, 1689-1697 : its state and direction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107645110.
- Gorski, edited by Richard (2012). "Keeping the Seas: England's Admirals 1369-1389". Roles of the sea in medieval England. Woodbridge, U.K.: Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843837015.
- Houbraken, Jacobus; Rapin-Thoyras, Paul de; Vertue, George (1747). "A List of Admirals of England, 1228–1745". The History of England. London: J. and P. Knapton.
- Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). The safeguard of the sea : a naval history of Britain 660 to 1649. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 9780140297249
- Simpkin, David (2012). "Keeping the Seas: England's Admirals 1369–1389". In Gorski, Richard. Roles of the Sea in Medieval England. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843837015.