List of ''Quercus'' species

The genus Quercus (oak) contains about 600 species,^[1] some of which are listed here.

For the taxonomic status of the oaks see The Plant List.^[2]

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

Quercus ajoensis — Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak — Arizona, New Mexico, Baja California
Quercus alba — white oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus aliena — Oriental white oak — eastern Asia
Quercus arizonica — Arizona white oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus austrina — bluff oak — southeastern North America
Quercus berberidifolia — California shrub oak — # California
Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak — eastern and midwestern North America
Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's post oak — south central North America
Quercus brandegeei — Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur
Quercus carmenensis — Carmen oak — Coahuila and Texas
Quercus chapmanii — Chapman oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus conzattii — Mexico
Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
Quercus diversifolia — Mexico
Quercus douglasii — blue oak — California
Quercus dumosa — coastal shrub oak — # southern California, Baja California, Arizona
Quercus durata — leather oak — # California
Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann oak — # southern California, Baja California
Quercus fabrei — Faber's oak — central to southern China
Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
†Quercus furuhjelmi — Lived in Paleogene times
Quercus fusiformis — Texas live oak or plateau live oak — # south central North America
Quercus gambelii — Gambel oak — southwestern North America
Quercus garryana — Oregon white oak or Garry oak — western North America
Quercus geminata — sand live oak — # southeastern United States
Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
Quercus greggii — # Mexico
Quercus grisea — gray oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hartwissiana — Strandzha oak — southeastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, western Georgia, southwestern Russia
Quercus havardii — Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak — south central North America
†Quercus hiholensis — Miocene — # Washington State^[3]
Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
Quercus hondurensis — Honduras oak — # Honduras
Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
Quercus intricata — Coahuila scrub oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's oak — California
Quercus laceyi — lacey oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus laeta — Mexico
Quercus lanata — woolly-leaved oak — # Himalayas, southeast Asia
Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak — # Himalayas
Quercus liebmannii — Mexico
Quercus lobata — valley oak or California white oak — California
Quercus lusitanica — gall oak or Lusitanian oak — Iberia, North Africa
Quercus lyrata — overcup oak — eastern North America
Quercus macrocarpa — bur oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus margarettae — sand post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus magnoliifolia — Mexico
Quercus martinezii — # Mexico
Quercus mohriana — Mohr oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus montana — chestnut oak — eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)
Quercus michauxii — swamp chestnut oak — eastern North America
Quercus microphylla — Mexico
Quercus minima — dwarf live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus mongolica — Mongolian oak — eastern Asia
Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
Quercus oblongifolia — Arizona blue oak, Blue live oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus obtusata — Mexico
Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe oak — southeastern North America
Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
Quercus pacifica — # Channel Islands, California
Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
Quercus petraea — sessile oak, durmast oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
Quercus praeco — Mexico
Quercus prinoides — dwarf chinkapin oak — eastern North America
Quercus pubescens — downy oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus pungens — Sandpaper oak or Pungens oak — southwestern U.S., Mexico
Quercus robur — pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak — Europe, West Asia
Quercus rugosa — netleaf oak or Rugosa oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus sadleriana — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern California
Quercus sagraeana — Cuban oak — # western Cuba
Quercus sebifera — # Mexico
Quercus serrata — Bao Li — # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
Quercus similis — swamp post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus sinuata — bastard oak or Durand oak — southern North America (= Quercus durandii)
Quercus stellata — post oak — eastern North America
Quercus tarahumara — northwestern Mexico
Quercus toumeyi — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
Quercus turbinella — Turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus vaseyana — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus virginiana — southern live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus welshii — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak — # North Africa & Spain
Quercus dentata — daimyo oak — eastern Asia
Quercus frainetto — Hungarian oak or Italian oak — southeastern Europe
Quercus macranthera — Caucasian oak or Persian oak — western Asia
Quercus pontica — Pontine oak — western Asia
Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean oak — southwestern Europe
Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

Quercus acutissima Carruth. — sawtooth oak — # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).
Quercus alnifolia — golden oak — # Cyprus
Quercus brantii — Persian oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus calliprinos — Palestine oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus castaneifolia — chestnut-leaved oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
Quercus cerris — Turkey oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus coccifera — kermes oak — # southern Europe
Quercus franchetii — China, eastern Asia
Quercus ilex — holly oak or holm oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus infectoria — Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus infectoria Olivier var. veneris (C.K. Schneider) Meikle, or Quercus boissieri Reut./Boissier oak — Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, and Jordan
Quercus ithaburensis — Mount Thabor's oak — southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus libani — Lebanon oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus semecarpifolia — brown oak or Kharshu oak — # Himalayas
Quercus suber — cork oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus trojana — Macedonian oak — # southeastern Europe
Quercus variabilis — Chinese cork oak — eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island oak — California + Baja California
Quercus chrysolepis — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus palmeri — Palmer oak — # sw. Oregon, California, western Arizona
Quercus tomentella — island oak — offshore islands of California + Baja California
Quercus vacciniifolia — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central and South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months(in most species),^[4] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus acerifolia — maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak — Arkansas
Quercus acutifolia — Mexico
Quercus agrifolia — coast live oak — # California, northern Baja California
Quercus albocincta — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus aristata — Mexico
Quercus arkansana — Arkansas oak — southeastern North America
Quercus buckleyi — Texas red oak — south central North America
Quercus canbyi — Canby oak or Mexican red oak — # Mexico
Quercus candicans — Mexico
Quercus castanea — # Mexico
Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak — eastern North America
Quercus coccolobifolia — Mexico
Quercus coffeicolor — Mexico
Quercus conspersa — Mexico
Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus crassifolia — Mexico
Quercus crassipes — Mexico
Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
Quercus delgadoana — Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)
Quercus depressa — Mexico
Quercus dysophylla — Mexico
Quercus eduardii — Mexico
Quercus ellipsoidalis — northern pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus elliptica — Mexico
Quercus emoryi — Emory oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
Quercus epileuca — Mexico
Quercus excelsa — Mexico
Quercus falcata — southern red oak or Spanish oak — southeastern North America
Quercus frutex — Mexico
Quercus fulva — Mexico
Quercus gentryi — Mexico
Quercus glabrescens — Mexico
Quercus glaucoides — Mexico
Quercus gravesii — Chisos red oak or Graves oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
Quercus graciliformis — Chisos oak — western Texas
Quercus georgiana — Georgia oak — southeastern North America
Quercus hemisphaerica — laurel oak or Darlington oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus hintonii — Mexico
Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
Quercus humboldtii — Andean oak — # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)
Quercus hypoleucoides — silverleaf oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
Quercus ilicifolia — bear oak — eastern North America
Quercus iltisii — western Mexico
Quercus imbricaria — shingle oak — eastern North America
Quercus incana — bluejack oak — southeastern North America
Quercus inopina — sandhill oak — Florida
Quercus kelloggii — California black oak — California, southwestern Oregon
Quercus laevis — turkey oak — southeastern North America
Quercus laurifolia — laurel oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus laurina — # Mexico
Quercus marilandica — blackjack oak — eastern North America
Quercus martinezii — Mexico
Quercus mexicana — Mexico
Quercus myrtifolia — myrtle oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus nigra — water oak — # eastern North America
Quercus oocarpa — Mexico
Quercus pagoda — cherrybark oak — southeastern North America
Quercus parvula — Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak — coastal California
Quercus palustris — pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus peduncularis — Mexico
Quercus phellos — willow oak — eastern North America
Quercus planipocula — western Mexico
Quercus potosina — Mexico
Quercus praeco — Mexico
Quercus pumila — runner oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus resinosa — Mexico
Quercus robusta — Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus rysophylla — loquat-leaf oak — # Mexico
Quercus rubra — northern red oak — eastern North America
Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
Quercus scytophylla — Mexico
Quercus shumardii — Shumard oak — eastern North America
Quercus splendens — Mexico
Quercus skinneri — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Quercus subspathulata — Mexico
Quercus tardifolia — lateleaf oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus texana — Nuttall's oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
Quercus tuberculata — Mexico
Quercus urbanii — Mexico
Quercus uxoris — Mexico
Quercus velutina — black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak — eastern North America
Quercus viminea — # Mexico
Quercus wislizeni — interior live oak — # California
Quercus xalapensis — Mexico, Central America

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

Illustration of Quercus lamellosa, showing acorns in clusters, with visible rings on their cups

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

Quercus acuta — Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea.
Quercus albicaulis — # China.
Quercus annulata Sm. — # The Himalayas to Vietnam.
Quercus arbutifolia Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic).
Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China).
Quercus asymmetrica Hickel & A.Camus — # China, northern Vietnam.
Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam.
Quercus auricoma A.Camus — # China, Vietnam (synonym Quercus hui).
Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Quercus austroglauca — # China.
Quercus bella — # China.
Quercus blakei — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus braianensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic).
Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan.
Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam.
Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam.
Quercus chingsiensis — # China.
Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam.
Quercus chungii — # China.
Quercus daimingshanensis — # China.
Quercus dankiaensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic).
Quercus delavayi — # China.
Quercus delicatula — # China.
Quercus dinghuensis — # China.
Quercus disciformis — # China.
Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam.
Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China).
Quercus fleuryi — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus gambleana — # China, India.
Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam.
Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
Quercus glauca — ring-cupped oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam.
Quercus gomeziana A.Camus — # Vietnam.
Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan).
Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan.
Quercus jenseniana — # China.
Quercus jinpinensis — # China.
Quercus kerrii — Kerr's oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China.
Quercus kiukiangensis — # China.
Quercus kouangsiensis — # China.
Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas.
Quercus lanata Sm. — # Vietnam.
Quercus langbianensis — # Cambodia, China, Vietnam. (synonym: Quercus camusiae)
Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
Quercus litoralis — # China.
Quercus litseoides — # China.
Quercus lobbii — # China, India.
Quercus longinux — # Taiwan.
Quercus lowii — # Borneo.
Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China).
Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam.
Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines).
Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC — # Vietnam.
Quercus morii — # Taiwan.
Quercus motuoensis — # China.
Quercus multinervis — # China.
Quercus myrsinifolia — bamboo-leaf oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (synonym: Quercus neglecta).
Quercus ningangensis — # China.
Quercus oblongata D.Don — # Vietnam.
Quercus obovatifolia — # China.
Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Vietnam (synonym Q. songtavanensis).
Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan.
Quercus patelliformis — # China.
Quercus pentacycla — # China.
Quercus petelotii A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus phanera — # China.
Quercus poilanei — # China, Thailand, Vietnam.
Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam.
Quercus rex — # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam.
Quercus rupestris Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic).
Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea.
Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus schottkyana — # China.
Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand.
Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus — # Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China).
Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan.
Quercus stewardiana — # China.
Quercus subhinoidea — # China.
Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines (Palawan).
Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus tomentosinervis — # China.
Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo.
Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
Quercus yingjiangensis — # China.

Notes

# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.

External links

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Quercus". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Quercus". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Cyclobalanopsis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Americanredoak.info

Sources

Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN 978-0-87474-708-9
Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2

References

↑ David J. Mabberley. 1987. The Plant-Book first edition (1987). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 0-521-34060-8
↑ http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=quercus
↑ Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753.
↑ Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.

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[mabberley1987-1] David J. Mabberley. 1987. The Plant-Book first edition (1987). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 0-521-34060-8

[2] ttp://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=quercus

[Borgardt1999-3] Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753.

[4] Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America. New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print.