Volvo XC90

Volvo XC90
2018 Volvo XC90 (UK)
Overview
Manufacturer Volvo Cars
Production
  • 2002–present
  • First generation (P2): 2002–2016
  • Second generation (SPA): 2014–present
Body and chassis
Class Mid-size luxury crossover SUV
Body style 5-door SUV
Layout

The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation.

The first generation was introduced at the 2002 North American International Auto Show and used the Volvo P2 platform shared with the first generation Volvo S80 and other large Volvo cars. It was manufactured at Volvo's Torslandaverken. Volvo moved production equipment of the first generation to China and ended Swedish production at the end of 2014, renaming the car as the Volvo XC Classic (or Volvo XC90 Classic).

At the end of 2014, the second generation XC90 was introduced. It is based on a new global platform, called Scalable Product Architecture or SPA for short. Both generations of the XC90 have won Motor Trend's SUV of the Year award in their debuts.

First generation (2002–2014)

First Generation
Volvo XC90 pre-facelift (AU)
Overview
Also called Volvo XC Classic (China)[1]
Production
  • 2002–2014 (XC90)
  • 2014–2016 (XC Classic)[2]
Model years
  • 2003–2015 (XC90)
  • 2014–2016 (XC Classic)
Assembly
Designer Doug Frasher (1999)[3][4]
Body and chassis
Platform Volvo P2 platform
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2003–2004 &
  • 2007–2016: 2,857 mm (112.5 in)
  • 2005–2006: 2,859 mm (112.6 in)
Length
  • 2003–2006: 4,821 mm (189.8 in)
  • 2007–2016: 4,807 mm (189.3 in)
Width
  • 2003–2012: 1,909 mm (75.2 in)
  • 2013–2016: 1,935 mm (76.2 in)
Height 1,784 mm (70.2 in)
Curb weight 2,020–2,160 kg (4,450–4,760 lb)[5][6]
Volvo XC90 pre-facelift (AU)
Interior

In January 2001, Volvo débuted its Adventure Concept Car at the North American International Auto Show, to gauge reaction to the styling and features of its upcoming SUV.[7] In November 2001, Volvo released a teaser image showing the frontal styling of the production version, named the XC90. Notable as Volvo's first SUV model, the styling of the XC90 recalled the concept.[8] In January 2002, the full XC90 unveiling occurred, at the North American International Auto Show.[8] Production began in August 2002, after Volvo's traditional mid-year shutdown, with the first XC90s coming out of the Torslanda factory in Sweden.[8]

At its North American launch for the 2003 model year, the XC90 was presented with a choice of two trim levels, the 2.5 T and the T6. The 2.5 T was the entry level version and offered a 2.5-litre B5254T2 "T5" turbocharged inline-five engine, producing 208 hp (155 kW) and 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) mated to an Aisin co-developed five-speed AW55-50/51 automatic. The T6 offered a 2.9-litre B6294T twin-turbocharged inline-six with 268 hp (200 kW) and 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) mated to a GM-sourced, Volvo-modified four-speed 4T65EV/GT automatic. While the 2.5T came standard with front-wheel drive, a Haldex Traction all-wheel drive (AWD) system was optional. The T6 was offered only with the AWD system.

A Yamaha V8 engine was added in 2005. This 4.4-litre Volvo B8444S engine produced 288 hp (215 kW) for the first few models later upgraded to 311 hp (232 kW) and 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m) of torque. Volvo sold just over 40,000 XC90 units in North America that year.[9]

The XC90 won the North American Car of the Year award and Motor Trend magazine's Sport/Utility of the Year for 2003.

The ex-host of Top Gear, Jeremy Clarkson, has owned three of these vehicles,[10] and claims they were designed by someone who must've had children due to its practicality.

Facelifts

2007 update

The XC90 was updated for 2007 with a restyled front and rear and a revised interior. The 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) 3.2 L SI6 straight-6 engine replaced the 208 hp (155 kW; 211 PS) B524T2 straight-5 in the base model for the US market. The 2007 XC90 debuted in April 2006 at the New York Auto Show.

2009, 2010, and 2012 updates

For model year (MY) 2009, the XC90 received a new rear logo, featuring larger lettering with wider spaces between the "VOLVO" letters.

In 2010, all XC90 models received painted wheel arches (previously they were optional). In addition, a new, larger, circular Volvo logo appeared on the front grille.

For MY 2012, new LED tail-lights became available on certain models, although entry-level models retain the previous style. For MY 2013, the XC90 received a cosmetic refresh that included standard LED daytime running lights and taillights, and exterior revisions including body colour bumpers, rocker panels and silver trim replacing black plastic trim.

The refreshed model went on sale during late spring 2012 with a base price of US$40,395 for a front-wheel drive base model.[11] For the 2014 model year the base price is US$39,700.[12]

First generation models

XC90 Ocean Race

In early 2005 a special version called Ocean Race Edition was unveiled. Special blue colour, leather interior with contrast stitching and special interior trim.[13] A total of 800 were made.[14]

XC Classic

The first generation Volvo XC90 continues to be sold in China as the XC Classic.[15] It is being produced at the new Volvo factory located in Daqing,[16] Heilongjiang Province, with the necessary tooling shipped over from Sweden.[17] Equipment levels were changed compared to the international versions and only one engine, a 2.5L turbo petrol 5-cylinder engine[18] with 220 hp, is available. All XC Classic come with AWD as standard and either a 5-speed manual or 5-speed automatic transmission.[19] It is priced below the second generation XC90.[16]

Engines

Specification D3 AWD D4 FWD D5 FWD / D5 AWD D5 FWD / D5 AWD D5 FWD / D5 AWD 2.5T FWD / 2.5T AWD 3.2 FWD / 3.2 AWD T6 AWD V8 AWD
Length 4811 mm (189.4 in)
Width 1900 mm (74.8 in)
Height 1781 mm (70.1 in)
Wheelbase 2860 mm (112.6 in)
Ground Clearance 231 mm (9.1 in)
Luggage area volume 249 L
Seats 5 or 7
Fuel Diesel Petrol
Year(s) 2009 2013 2003–2004 2005–2011 2012–2014 2003–2006 2007–2014 2003–2005 2005–2011
Curb weight 2029 kg 2127 kg 2065 – 2225 kg 2029 kg 1976 kg 2025 – 2212 kg 2077 kg
Engine I5 turbo I5 turbo I6 I6 twin-turbo V8
Engine code D5244T5[20] D5244T5 D5244T D5244T4[21] D5244T18[22] B5254T2SI6B6294TB8444S
Displacement (cc) 2,401 cc (146.5 in3) 2,401 cc (146.5 in3) 2,401 cc (146.5 in3) 2,401 cc (146.5 in3) 2,401 cc (146.5 in3) 2,521 cc (153.8 in3) 3,192 cc (194.8 in3) 2,922 cc (178.3 in3) 4,414 cc (269.4 in3)
Fuel economy (mixed) 8.1 l/100 km 8.1 L/100Km 8.2 - 9 L/100Km 8.3 L/100Km 11.2 l/100 km 10.2 - 19.9 l/100 km 13.5 l/100 km
Fuel economy (Country road) 6.7 L/100Km 6.9 L/100Km 8.9 l/100 km 8.9 l/100 km 9.8 l/100 km
Fuel economy (City) 10.5 L/100Km 10.7 L/100Km 15 l/100 km 14.7 - 16.8 l/100 km 19.9 l/100 km
Max power output 120 kW (163 PS; 161 bhp) 120 kW (163 PS; 161 bhp) 120 kW (163 PS; 161 bhp) 136 kW (185 PS; 182 bhp) 147 kW (200 PS; 197 bhp) 155 kW (211 PS; 208 bhp)175 - 179 kW (243 PS; 240 bhp)200 kW (272 PS; 268 bhp) 232 kW (315 PS; 311 bhp)
Max torque 340 N⋅m (250 lb⋅ft) @ 1920-2800 rpm 340 N⋅m (250 lb⋅ft) @ 1750-3000 rpm 340 N⋅m (250 lb⋅ft) @ 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) @ 2000-2750 rpm 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) @ 1920-2800 rpm 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) @ 1500 rpm 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft)@ 3200 rpm 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) @ ? rpm 441 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) @ 4000 rpm
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (sec) 11.8 11.8 11.5 10.3 9.5 9.3 - 9.57.3
Top Speed km/h 190 km/h (120 mph) 190 km/h (120 mph) 195 km/h (121 mph) 204 km/h (127 mph) 210 km/h (130 mph) 190 - 209 km/h (130 mph)215 km/h248 km/h (154 mph)
Transmission Automatic Automatic Manual or Automatic Automatic
CO2 emissions (g/km) 216 212 217 - 239 219 269 265 - 281 317
Environmental classification (EU) Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4

Safety

The Volvo XC90's front end is designed to absorb frontal impacts and also deflect any pedestrians up on to the hood of the vehicle rather than underneath the vehicle. Volvo has patented the unique frontal structure that features crumple zones, and predetermined positions for the engine and other ancillaries during a frontal impact.

The XC90's roof is reinforced with ultra-high-strength steel to help prevent a collapse in the passenger cavity in the event of a roll-over. This Volvo system is marketed as ROPS, and is closely associated with the Roll Stability Control (RSC), electronic stability control (DSTC), and SIPS systems of Volvo to prevent and ultimately minimise accident forces. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration measures the roll-over risk of the 2013 XC90 as 17.9%.[23] The max. sideway thrust is 0.77g.[24]

The XC90's rear structure has been designed to absorb impact energy, with occupants are also protected by a whiplash protection system. Marketed as WHIPS, the system cradles the occupants during a rear-end collision.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety awarded the Volvo XC90 their Top Safety Pick award. The XC90 was granted the IIHS's rating of "good" in front, side, rear and roof strength tests and has Electronic Stability Control as standard equipment to receive the award.[25]

The industry-first Roll Stability Control was first introduced in XC90 in 2003.[26][27]

At the end of July 2007, Volvo Car Corp. announced the recall of 42,211 2005 model year XC90s for risk of battery short circuit and fire. The vehicles were manufactured in the Swedish Torslanda Plant between 7 June 2004, and 13 May 2005.[28] The recall only applies to cars in the US and Canada.[29] There have been no reports of short circuiting in the vehicles.

IIHS scores:[30]
Small overlap front Good1
Moderate overlap front Good
Side (2005 - 2014 models) Good
Roof strength Good2
Head restraints & seats Good3
1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.51
3 seat/head restraint geometry rated "Good"

Second generation (2014–present)

Second Generation
2017 Volvo XC90 D5 (AU)
Overview
Production September 2014[31]–present
Model years 2015–present
Assembly
Designer
  • Thomas Ingenlath[33]
  • Robin Page (interior designer)[34]
Body and chassis
Class Mid-size 4,[35] 5 or 7-seat[36][37] luxury crossover SUV
Platform Volvo SPA platform
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission 8-speed Aisin AW TG-81SC automatic[38]
Hybrid drivetrain Plug-in hybrid
Battery 9.2 kWh lithium-ion battery
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,984 mm (117.5 in)[38]
Length 4,950 mm (194.9 in)[38]
Width 1,923 mm (75.7 in)[38]
Height 1,776 mm (69.9 in)[38]
Curb weight 2,078–2,343 kg (4,581–5,165 lb)[38][39]
Volvo XC90 D5 (SE)

In May 2012 Volvo announced that the second generation XC90 would go into production in late 2014, with orders being taken in 2014 and the vehicle officially going on sale in 2015.[40] The SUV would be sold in Europe, Asia and North America, with the United States expected to account for at least a third of global sales.[41]

The present generation XC90 is based on Volvo's new platform, marketed as Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) technology which features a stronger platform offering weight reduction while improving safety and efficiency.

The vehicle is longer, wider and lower than its predecessor.[42] All engines in the XC90 will be 2.0-litre four-cylinder Drive-E powertrains with Volvo's eight-speed Geartronic transmission. The line-up will include two petrol engines: a twincharged 320 hp T6, producing 400 nm of torque and a turbocharged 254 hp T5, producing 350 nm of torque, two diesel engines: a twin turbo 235 hp D5, producing 470 nm of torque and a turbocharged 190 hp D4, producing 400 nm of torque. The top-of-the-line model is the XC90 Twin Engine, a plug-in hybrid which combines the more powerful petrol engine at the front with an electric motor at the rear to produce 400 hp and 640 nm of torque.[43]

The First Edition of the all-new Volvo XC90, 1,927 individually numbered cars only available for sale via digital commerce, sold out in 47 hours after orders opened on 3 September 2014.[43] All 1,927 of the First Edition models, which could feature either the Petrol T6 or Diesel D5 engine, were finished in Onyx Black and feature 21-inch alloy wheels and include every available vehicle option. The limited production run number represents the year the Swedish brand was launched, with each model fitted with uniquely numbered tread plates and a distinctive rear mounted badge,[31] with customers able to select their XC90 First Edition numbers. Number 1 was allocated to Carl XVI Gustav, the King of Sweden, with number 10 going to Zlatan Ibrahimović, Swedish professional footballer.

Design

Interior

The new XC90 has a redesigned chassis with double wishbone front suspension and a new integral link rear axle incorporating transverse leaf springs of lightweight material. The new XC90 can also be equipped with electronically controlled air suspension with a choice of five modes.[43]

The interior features a 9" tablet-like touch screen control console along with steering wheel controls and voice-control system, all linked to an interface, marketed as Sensus, which allows for access to cloud-based apps including Internet radio, connected navigation, parking, music streaming, OS mirroring Apple and Android devices in the touch screen display, and a Wi-Fi hot spot for using a tablet in the car. Other features include a gear lever made of Orrefors crystal as well as diamond-cut controls for the start/stop button and drive mode control, located on the centre console between the driver and passenger seats.

The highest level audio system in the XC90 features a 1400W Class-D amplifier and 19 Bowers & Wilkins speakers as well as one of the first air-ventilated subwoofers in a car. Integrated into the car body, it turns the entire interior space into a large subwoofer. The latest sound processing software has been used to manage the timing of the sound and co-ordination of the speakers.

The vehicle's seats have also been redesigned with adjustable side bolsters, seat cushion extension and massage. The second row features three individual seats with recline adjustment. A sliding function can be used to create more legroom for the passengers in the third row or to increase loading space. An integrated child booster cushion in the centre seat is available. The Volvo XC90 seats 5 people or can be available with 3rd row seating which seats 7 people just like the BMW X5, Toyota 4Runner, Kia Sorento, Nissan Rogue, Dodge Journey, Mitsubishi Outlander, and the second generation GMC Acadia.

Volvo Cars' air purification system has been improved by adding a new carbon filter for more efficient capture of small, particles and pollen in the incoming air. The second generation XC90 offers a 360° view system capable of providing the driver with a birds-eye view, whereby information from all cameras is gathered and digitally integrated in a central processor to form a 360° image. The rear sensing system, marketed as Park Assist Pilot, offers automatic reversing into a parking bay.[43]

The 2nd generation XC90 is the first Volvo to carry the company's new, more prominent iron mark, which has the iconic arrow aligned with the diagonal metallic slash across the grille,[44] along with T-shaped LED daytime running lights known as "Thor's Hammer" by Volvo designers.[45]

The car will be available in five trim levels (Volvo describing it as "expressions"), namely Kinetic (base trim level), Momentum, Inscription (a more luxurious trim), R-design (a sportier trim) and Excellence (ultra-luxury).[43][46]

Safety

The Second Generation Volvo XC90 SUV feature (IntelliSafe), including Run-off-road protection package and Auto brake at intersection.[47][48]

The Volvo XC90 safety systems include:

  • Run-off-road protection package. In a run-off-road scenario, the all-new Volvo XC90 detects what is happening and the front safety belts are tightened to keep the occupants in position. To help prevent Spinal cord injury, energy-absorbing functionality between the seat and seat frame cushions the vertical forces that can arise when the car encounters a hard landing in the terrain.[43]
  • City Safety with auto brake in intersections. The XC90 is the first car in the world with technology that features automatic braking if the driver turns in front of an oncoming car.[49] This is a common scenario at busy city crossings as well as on highways, where the speed limits are higher.
  • IntelliSafe with City Safety has become the umbrella name for all of Volvo Cars' auto brake Collision avoidance functions, which are standard equipment in the new XC90. This equipment now covers vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians in front of the car during both day and night.
  • Adaptive Cruise Control with Pilot Assist traffic jam assistant enables safe and comfortable semi-autonomous driving by automatically following the vehicle ahead in stop-and-go traffic. Acceleration, braking and now also steering are controlled automatically.[43] On March 18, 2018, a woman called Elaine Herzberg was killed by the Uber Volvo XC90 while the vehicle was running the Uber's own vehicle control hardware and software self-drive mode, Uber's XC90's do not include any of Volvo's own advanced driver-assistance systems. (See Death of Elaine Herzberg).[50]

The Volvo brand has also made the claim that "By 2020, nobody shall be seriously injured or killed in a new Volvo."[51]

EURONCAP tested in 2015 a XC90 (model year 2016), 5-door SUV with standard equipment. EuroNCAP regards the XC90 model as a "best in class" performer.[52] NHTSA currently only recorded for rollover.

NHTSA[53]Euro NCAP[54]
Overall:Overall:
Frontal – Driver:Adult occupant:37 pts / 97%
Frontal – Passenger:Child occupant:24 pts / 87%
Side – Driver:Pedestrian:26 pts / 72%
Side – Passenger:Driver assist:13 pts / 100%
Side Pole – Driver:
Rollover: / 17.9%

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety also crash-tested the XC90, and presented the following results:

IIHS scores[55]
CategoryRating
Small overlap front Good1
Moderate overlap front Good
Side Good
Roof strength Good2
Head restraints & seats Good3
1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
2 strength-to-weight ratio: 5.18
3 seat/head restraint geometry rated "Good"

With over 50,000 vehicles sold in the U.K. by 2018, no driver or passenger fatality had been recorded.[56]

T8

Volvo XC90 T8 plug-in hybrid.

The T8 plug-in hybrid version of the XC90 is based on technology used in the Volvo V60 PHEV.[41] The batteries are situated at the centre of the vehicle can be charged using an electric vehicle charger and can also store energy recovered by means of regenerative brakes. Volvo says that the XC90 T8 sacrifices no passenger or cargo space to accommodate the hybrid equipment.[42] However, the tank capacity is reduced to 50 L (13.2 US gal; 11.0 imp gal)[57] and there is no spare tire.

The vehicle emits 49 g/km of CO2 and has an all-electric range of 43 km (27 mi) under the New European Driving Cycle. Normal driving is conducted in the default hybrid mode, but the driver can push a button to switch to a mode that uses only electric power, with zero emission driving.[58] Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests, the XC90 T8 has an all-electric range of 14 mi (23 km), with some gasoline consumption (0.1 gal/100 mi), so the actual all-electric range is rated between 0 to 13 mi (0 to 21 km).[59]

The EPA, under its five-cycle tests, rated the 2016 model year XC90 T8 energy consumption in all-electric mode at 58 kWh per 100 miles, which translates into a combined city/highway fuel economy of 53 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (4.4 L/100 km; 64 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent). When powered only by the gasoline engine, EPA's official combined city/highway fuel economy is 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp).[59]

Deliveries of the XC90 T8 PHEV began in the United States in August 2015.[60] Sales in Europe totaled 2,653 units in 2015.[61] Cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 488 units up until February 2016.[62][63] According to Volvo, sales of the plug-in variant represent 20% of Volvo XC90 global sales by mid-March 2016.[64]

Technical data

Specification D4 FWD / AWD D5 AWD T5 AWD T6 AWD T8 Twin-Engine
Length 4950 mm (194.9 in)
Width 1923 mm (84.3 in)
Height 1775 mm (69.9 in)
Wheelbase 2984 mm (117.5 in)
Luggage area volume 71.16 l (18.8 US gal; 15.7 imp gal)
Seats 5 or 7 4 or 7
Curb weight 2050 – 2130 kg 2130 – 2171 kg 2105 – 2140 kg 2124 – 2165 kg 2319 – 2394 kg
Tank Capacity 71 L (18.8 US gal; 15.6 imp gal) 71 L (18.8 US gal; 15.6 imp gal)71 L (18.8 US gal; 15.6 imp gal) 71 L (18.8 US gal; 15.6 imp gal)50L (13.2 US gal; 11 imp gal)
Cylinders In-line 4 (4 valves/cylinder)
Engine 2.0L Turbo Diesel2.0L Twin-turbo Diesel2.0L Turbo Petrol2.0L Turbocharged & Supercharged "twincharged" petrol2.0L Turbo Petrol with Supercharger and Electric motor (Twin Engine)
Displacement (cc) 1969
Fuel economy (mixed) 5.2 - 5.7 l/100 km 5.7 l/100 km7.7 l/100 km 8.1 l/100 km2.1 l/100 km
Fuel economy (Country road) 4.9 - 5.4 l/100 km 5.4 l/100 km 6.7 l/100 km 7 l/100 km 0 l/100 km
Fuel economy (City) 5.8 - 6.2 l/100 km 6.3 l/100 km 9.5 l/100 km 10.1 l/100 km 0 l/100 km
Max power output 190 PS (140 kW)225 hp (168 kW) @ 4250 rpm245 PS (180 kW)320 PS (235 kW) @ 5700 rpm408 PS (300 kW)
Max torque 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft)470 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) @ 1750-2500 rpm350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft)400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 2200-4500 rpm640 N⋅m (472 lb⋅ft)
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (sec) 9.2 - 9.4 7.88.26.55.6
Top Speed km/h 200 - 205 km/h (127 mph) 220 km/h (140 mph)215 km/h230 km/h (140 mph)230 km/h
Transmission 8-speed Geartronic Aisin AW TG-81SC automatic
CO2 emissions (g/km) 136 - 149 149176 18449
Environmental classification (EU) Euro 6b Euro 6bEuro 6b Euro 6bEuro 6b
Price 502900 - 905420 SEK (2017-07-10) 557000 - 940420 SEK (2017-07-10) 547000 - 930420 SEK (2017-07-10) 587000 - 970420 SEK (2017-07-10) 806000 - 1371750 SEK (2017-07-10)

Awards and recognition

References

  1. ↑ Padeanu, Adrian (11 September 2014). "First generation Volvo XC90 to live on in China as XC Classic". www.motor1.com. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "XC Classic picture" (JPG) (in Chinese). Volvo Cars China. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  3. ↑ "International - Volvo Cars". Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  4. ↑ "Frasher's odyssey: With the design of its XC90 SUV, Volvo had to navigate between the scylla of me-too trucky styling and the charybdis of station wagon wimpiness. (Design)". 2002. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "2003 Volvo XC90 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2002. p. 151. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  6. ↑ "2007 Volvo XC90 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 209. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  7. ↑ Pund, Dan (January 2001). "Volvo Adventure Concept Car". Car and Driver. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 Lacy, Justin (29 November 2001). "First pics: Volvo joins the off-road boom". www.goauto.com.au. John Mellor Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  9. ↑ "Volvo XC90 Leads Sales With Best Month of the Year". Thefreelibrary. 4 January 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  10. ↑ "20 years of Clarkson: What cars does Clarkson actually drive?". Driving.co.uk. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  11. ↑ "2013 Volvo XC90 Photos and Info-Car News-Car and Driver". Car and Driver. 3 May 2012.
  12. ↑ "Volvo XC90 Price". NADAguides.
  13. ↑ "Volvo Introduces Special Volvo Ocean Race Edition - Three Models with Unique Ocean Blue Livery" (Press release). 13 February 2005. Retrieved 19 September 2015 – via swedespeed.
  14. ↑ "Mild curio Dad wagon - V8 Volvo Xc90 Volvo Ocean Race". PistonHeads. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  15. ↑ "沃尔沃XC CLASSIC豪华SUV-Volvo XC CLASSIC报价, 配置, 参数-沃尔沃Volvo中国官方网站" [Volvo XC CLASSIC - Volvo luxury SUV: The XC Classic, offers, configurations, specifications]. www.volvocars.com/zh-cn (in English and Chinese). Volvo Car Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  16. 1 2 "Volvo XC Classic hits the Chinese car market". Car News China. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  17. ↑ "First generation Volvo XC90 to live on in China as XC Classic". www.worldcarfans.com. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  18. ↑ Adrian Padeanu (11 September 2014). "First generation Volvo XC90 to live on in China as XC Classic". www.motor1.com. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  19. ↑ "Spy Shots: Volvo XC Classic testing in China". www.carnewschina.com. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  20. ↑ "Volvo XC90 Betriebsanleitung" [Volvo XC90 Owners Manual] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  21. ↑ "Volvo Betriebsanleitung XC90 MY06" [Volvo XC90 Owner's Manual MY06] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  22. ↑ "XC90 Betriebsanleitung MY13" [XC90 Owner's Manual MY13] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  23. ↑ "2013 Volvo XC90 SUV AWD" National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (click Rollover)
  24. ↑ Vanderwerp, Dave (December 2016). "Volvo XC90". Car and Driver. US. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  25. ↑ "XC90 IIHS evaluation". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  26. ↑ Mike Monticello (1 December 2002). "2003 Volvo XC90 AWD T6 - Road Test". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  27. ↑ "2003 Volvo XC90 – North American Truck of the Year". www.carpictures.com. 5 January 2003. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  28. ↑ "Volvo recalls SUVs due to fire risk". Bloomberg News / The Arizona Republic. 25 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  29. ↑ "Volvo to recall 42,000 cars in North America because of short circuit risk". International Herald Tribune. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  30. ↑ "2017 Volvo XC90 IIHS rating". www.iihs.org. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
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« previous — Volvo Cars road car timeline, 1975–present
Type 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
56789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 012345678
Small family car 66 440/460
480 C30
340/360 S40/V40 S40/V50 V40
Compact executive car S60 S60/V60
850 S70/V70 V70
240
Executive car 260 740 940 S80 S80/V70
760 960 S90/V90 S90/V90
Sports saloon 242 GT 240 Turbo 850 T-5R/R S70 R/V70 R S60 R/V70 R S60 Polestar/V60 Polestar
Coupé 262C 780 C70 C70
Crossover utility vehicle XC40
XC60 XC60
V70 XC XC70 XC70
XC90 XC90
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