Villa rustica

Villa rustica (countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate (latifundium). The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and retainers) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] In modern British archaeology, a villa rustica is commonly (and misleadingly) referred to simply as a "Roman villa".

The villa rustica's design differed depending on the architect, but usually it consisted of three parts; the urbana (main house), agricultural center and the rusticana (farm area).

List of Villae rusticae

Model of a Roman Villa Rustica. The remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

Bulgaria

Villa Armira in Ivaylovgrad

France

Villa Rustica, Coustaty
Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau
Villa Rustica, Montcaret
Villa Rustica, Montmaurin
Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac
Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance

Germany

Wurmlingen

Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building

Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg^[6]
Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
Villa rustica at Büßlingen, Konstanz
Villa Rustica (Brombach), Lörrach
Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen^[7]
Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier^[8]
Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein, Zollernalbkreis
Villa urbana at Heitersheim
Villa Rustica (Meßkirch), Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Hirschberg^[9]
Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen), Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach^[10]
Villa Rustica at Langenau^[11]
Villa Rustica (Laucherthal), Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica (Lauffen), Heilbronn
Villa Rustica at Mühlacker^[12]
Villa Rustica at Nagold^[13]^[14]
Villa Rustica (Nürtingen)
Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen^[15]^[16]
Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen), Rems-Murr-Kreis
Römerbad (Weinsberg), Heilbronn
Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden), Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen), Tuttlingen
Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof), Heilbronn
Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)
Villa rustica (Denning), Stadt München
Villa Rustica (Friedberg)
Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
Villa Rustica (Holheim), Donau-Ries
Villa Rustica at Hüssingen^[17]
Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu^[18]
Villa Rustica (Leutstetten), Stadt Starnberg
Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) (Naturpark Altmühltal)^[19]^[20]
Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
Villa Rustica (Niederndorf), Freising
Villa Rustica (Oberndorf)
Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt), Ingolstadt
Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau^[21]^[22]
Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen)
Villa Rustica (Zipfwang), Oberallgäu

Hesse

Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen
Haselburg Roman villa, Odenwald
Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"^[23]

Northrhine-Westphalia

Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr))^[24]
Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
Propsteier Villa, Eschweiler, Aachen
Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

Villa rustica Weilberg, Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein]]
Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach), Bad Kreuznach
Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
Villa rustica (Bollendorf), Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Otrang, Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)^[25]
Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel^[26]
Roman estate at Lösnich
Villa Urbana in Longuich
Villa Rustica (Mehring) (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
Villa rustica (Wachenheim)
Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen), Mainz-Bingen
Villa rustica (Wasserliesch), Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

Boscoreale villa

Italy

Villa Boscoreale

Portugal

Serbia

Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo,villa rustica IV century A.D.^[27]

Switzerland

Aargau

Villa Rustica (Bellikon)
Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden)
Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen)
Villa rustica (Zofingen)

Basel-Landschaft

Villa Rustica (Bennwil)
Villa Rustica (Munzach)

Genf

Villa Rustica (Bernex)

Jura

Villa Rustica (Vicques JU)

Solothurn

Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof)
Villa rustica (Breitholz)

Waadt

Villa romaine du Prieuré

Zürich

Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten^[28]
Villa Rustica (Buchs)
Villa Rustica (Kloten)
Villa Rustica (Oberweningen)
Villa Rustica (Seeb)

Turkey

United Kingdom

References

↑ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
↑ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
↑ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
↑ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
↑ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
↑ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
↑ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ gastgeber-hessen.de
↑ ka.stadtwiki.net
↑ W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
↑ Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
↑ "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de.
↑ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
↑ "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
↑ Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
↑ "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
↑ Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
↑ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Tourismusverband Pfaffenwinkel. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
↑ Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
↑ "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
↑ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
↑ "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
↑ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

External links

villa rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)

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[1] Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[2] Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[3] Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[4] John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1

[5] John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)

[6] Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.

[7] "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.

[8] Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.

[9] stgeber-hessen.de

[10] .stadtwiki.net

[11] W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[12] Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.

[13] "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de.

[14] turparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.

[15] W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[16] "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.

[17] Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.

[18] "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.

[19] Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.

[20] tmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.

[21] Tourismusverband Pfaffenwinkel. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.

[22] Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.

[23] "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".

[24] roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.

[25] "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.

[26] "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.

[27] Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.

[28] Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.