Viktor Tsoi

Viktor Tsoi
Виктор Цой
Viktor Tsoi in 1986
(photo by Igor Moukhin)
Born Viktor Robertovich Tsoi
(1962-06-21)21 June 1962
Leningrad, Soviet Union
Died 15 August 1990(1990-08-15) (aged 28)
Latvian SSR, Soviet Union
Cause of death Traffic collision
Resting place Bogoslovskoye Cemetery, Leningrad
Occupation
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • composer
  • actor
Years active 1978–1990
Spouse(s)
  • Marianna Tsoi (m. 1985)
Children Alexander Tsoi
Parent(s)
  • Robert Tsoi
  • Valentina Tsoi
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
Labels
Associated acts

Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́ктор Ро́бертович Цой; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a Soviet singer and songwriter who co-founded Kino, one of the most popular and musically influential bands in the history of Russian music.

Born and raised in Leningrad, Tsoi started writing songs as a teenager. Throughout his career, Tsoi contributed a plethora of musical and artistic works, including ten albums. After Kino appeared and performed in the 1987 Soviet film Assa, the band's popularity sparked, triggering a period referred to as "Kinomania", and leading to Tsoi's leading role in the 1988 Kazakh new wave art film The Needle. In 1990, after their high-profile concert at the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi briefly relocated to Latvia with bandmate Yuri Kasparyan to work on the band's next album. Two months after the concert, Tsoi died in a car collision.[1][2]

He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Russian rock and is credited with popularizing the genre throughout the Soviet Union. He retains a devoted following in many ex-Soviet countries, such as Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, where he is known as one of the most influential and popular people in the history of Russian music.

Biography

Viktor Tsoi with his wife and son

Viktor Robertovich Tsoi was born in Leningrad on 21 June 1962. He was the only child of Valentina Vasilyevna Tsoi (née Guseva) (1939–2009), a Russian schoolteacher, and Robert Maximovich Tsoi (1937–), a Soviet-Korean engineer.[3] Tsoi's Korean ancestry can be traced back to Songjin, Hamgyong, Korea (today's Kimchaek, North Korea), where his great-grandfather Choi Yong-nam was born.[4]

Tsoi grew up in the vicinity of the Moskovsky Victory Park. He was born in a maternity hospital on Kuznetsovskaya Street (located inside the park). The family lived in the notable "general's house" at the corner of Moskovsky Avenue and Basseynaya Street (the building is now an architectural monument).[5] For some time Tsoi studied at a nearby school in Frunze Street, where his mother worked.[6]

From 1974 until 1977, Tsoi attended a secondary art school, where he was a member of the band Palata № 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, Chamber № 6).[7] From 1977, he attended the Serov Art School, until he was expelled in 1979 for poor performance.[8] Afterwards, he attended SGPTU-61, where he was studying to become a wood carver.[9] In his youth, he was a fan of Mikhail Boyarsky and Vladimir Vysotsky, and later Bruce Lee, after whom he started modelling his image.[10][11] He was fond of martial arts and often sparred "in Chinese" with bandmate Yuri Kasparyan.

Viktor lived with his wife, Marianna Tsoi (née Rodovanskaya, May 5, 1959 – June 27, 2005),[12] and his son Alexander (born 1985). Tsoi lived a poor life, with Marianna saying that they couldn't even afford a proper wedding dress. He worked and lived in the boiler room of his apartment building. The boiler room was nicknamed "Kamchatka", and is now the site of a museum and rock club dedicated to Tsoi.[13] He previously also worked in Kiev, Ukraine, however after the authorities found out he was working illegally, he was sent to Moscow.

During the filming of Assa, Tsoi met Natalia Razlogova, the director's assistant. Tsoi later fell in love with Razlogova and separated from Marianna. However, they did not divorce, for the sake of their son.[14]

15 August 1990: Death

Tsoi's fans mourning in Leningrad

On 15 August 1990 in Latvia, Tsoi was driving on the Sloka – Talsi highway, near Tukums and Riga. At 12:28 p.m., Tsoi died in a car collision. The investigation concluded that Tsoi had fallen asleep while driving, possibly due to fatigue;[15][16] he had not consumed alcohol for at least 48 hours before his death.[17] At the time he fell asleep Tsoi was driving at a speed of at least 130 km/h, causing his dark blue Moskvitch-2141[18] to turn into the oncoming lane and collide with an Ikarus 250 bus.[19] Tsoi died instantly. The bus driver was not injured. Tsoi's car was completely destroyed to the point that one of its tires was never found.

The death of Viktor Tsoi was a shock to many fans, some even having committed suicide.[20] On August 17, Komsomolskaya Pravda, one of the main Soviet newspapers, had the following to say about Tsoi and his meaning to the youth of the nation:

Tsoi means more to the young people of our nation than any politician, celebrity or writer. This is because Tsoi never lied and never sold out. He was and remains himself. It's impossible not to believe him... Tsoi is the only rocker who has no difference between his image and his real life, he lived the way he sang... Tsoi is the last hero of rock

On August 19, he was buried in a closed casket at the Bogoslovskoe Cemetery in Leningrad.[21] Thousands of people came to the funeral.

Kasparyan left for Leningrad prior to the collision, with a tape containing the only recording of Tsoi's vocals for the band's next album. The remaining members of Kino finished and released the Black Album in December. It later became the band's most popular creation.

Family

External images
Valentina Vasiliyevna — Viktor's mother
Robert Maximovich — Viktor's father
Alexander — Viktor's son
  • Maxim Maximovich Tsoi (born Son Dyun Choi) — Viktor's grandfather on his father's side; a Korean from Kazakhstan.[22]
  • Robert Maximovich Tsoi (born May 5, 1938) — Viktor's father; an engineer.
  • Valentina Vasiliyevna Tsoi (née Guseva) January 8, 1937 – November 28, 2009) — Viktor's mother; a physical education teacher.
  • Marianna Igorevna Tsoi (born Kovalyova, Rodovanskaya after her first marriage) (March 5, 1959 – June 27, 2005) — Viktor's wife; Viktor and Marianna met in 1982, married in 1984, and separated in 1987, after which Viktor moved in with his new girlfriend Natalia Razlogova.[14] Marianna became the owner of the rights to Viktor's songs after his death. She survived him by 15 years, dying of cancer in 2005.[23][24]
  • Alexander Viktorovich Tsoi (performed as Molchanov) (born August 5,[25] 1985) — Viktor's son; a graphic designer and musician. In June 2012, on his first ever interview, he said that he owns a club in St. Petersburg, writes and performs music, and works as a graphic designer, creating album covers for other musicians.[26] He was a guitarist in the band Para bellvm.
  • Natalia Emilyevna Razlogova (born 20 October 1956) — Viktor's girlfriend; a film critic, translator, and sister of the famous film critic Kirill Razlogov. After Tsoi's death, she married journalist Yevgeny Dodolev and left for the US, where she and Dodolev had two children.

Career

Tsoi began writing songs at the age of 17. In the 1970s and the 1980s, rock music was an underground movement limited mostly to Leningrad; Moscow pop stars, endorsed by the Soviet state, ruled the charts and received the most exposure from the media. However, rock music was not popular with the government, and rock bands received little to no funding and were given little exposure by the media. The Leningrad Rock Club was one of the few public places where rock bands were allowed to perform.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tsoi was a close friend of Alexei Rybin. Rybin, a member of the hard rock band Piligrimy (Russian: Пилигримы, Pilgrims), and Tsoi, who played bass guitar in the group Palata № 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, Chamber № 6), met at the house of Andrei "Svin" Panov, in whose apartment people and musicians often gathered, and also where his own punk band Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli rehearsed. By this time, Tsoi had begun to perform the songs he wrote at parties.

Tsoi and Rybin, as members of Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli, went to Moscow and performed punk-rock metal at Artemy Troitsky's underground concerts. During a similar performance in Leningrad on the occasion of Andrei Tropillo's anniversary, Tsoi and Rybin's first met Boris Grebenshchikov. Later, after a solo concert by Grebenshchikov, they met up and Tsoi played two of his songs to him.[27] Grebenshchikov, who had already been a relatively established musician in the Leningrad underground scene, was very impressed by Tsoi's talent and helped him start up his own band.

Beginnings of Kino

At the Leningrad Rock Club, Tsoi played as a solo artist supported by members of the band Aquarium. Tsoi's lyrics and music impressed the crowd. In the summer of 1981, Tsoi, Rybin, and Oleg Valinsky formed the band Garin i giperboloydy (Russian: Гарин и Гиперболоиды, Garin and the hyperboloids). The name was a homage to the classic Russian novel The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin by Aleksey Tolstoy. In autumn of the same year, the band was admitted to membership of the Leningrad Rock Club. Not long after, Valinsky was conscripted into the army, leaving only Tsoi and Rybin, who renamed the band to Kino. Kino began recording its debut album in the spring of 1982.

First albums

Kino began recording its debut album, 45, in the spring of 1982 at Andrei Tropillo's studio. Members of Aquarium also took part in the recording, with Boris Grebenshchikov directing the album. By the summer, the album was completely finished. Its duration was 45 minutes, after which the album was named 45. The album got some distribution and Kino performed in many apartment concerts in Moscow and Leningrad.

On 19 February 1983, a joint concert with Kino and Aquarium took place. After the concert, Yuri Kasparyan was invited to join the band as a guitarist. In the spring, Rybin left Kino due to disagreements with Tsoi. Tsoi and Kasparyan spent the summer on joint rehearsals. As a result, Kino recorded the album 46, which was initially thought of as a demo for Nachalnik Kamchatki (Russian: Начальник Камчатки, Chief of Kamchatka). 46 was widely distributed and was considered to be a full-fledged album. In the fall of 1983, Tsoi went to a psychiatric hospital in Pryazhka, where he spent a month and a half. As a result, Tsoi was not conscripted into the army.[28] After being discharged from the psychiatric hospital, he wrote the song "Trankvilizator" (Russian: Транквилизатор, Tranquilizer).[29]

Rise to fame

1987 was a breakthrough year for Kino. The release of their 6th album Blood Type (Gruppa Krovi) triggered what was then called "Kinomania". The open political climate under glasnost allowed Tsoi to make Blood Type, his most political album, yet it also allowed him to record a sound of music that no one before him had been able to play. Most of the tracks on the album were directed at the youth of the Soviet Union, telling them to take control and make changes within the nation; some of the songs addressed the social problems crippling the nation. The sound and lyrics of the album made Tsoi a hero among Soviet youth and Kino the most popular rock band ever. In the diverse Soviet republics, fans translated his originally Russian lyrics into their native languages as well.

Over the next few years, Tsoi appeared in several successful movies and also travelled to the United States to promote his films at film festivals. Several more albums were released, their themes were once again mostly political, further fueling the band's popularity. Even though Tsoi was a huge star, he still lived a relatively ordinary life. He kept his old job in the boiler room of an apartment building, called Kamchatka, which he would later go on to buy, and currently, it is designed as a museum/club dedicated to the singer. The fact that he worked at a boiler plant surprised many people. Tsoi said that he enjoyed the work and he also needed the money to support the band, as they still received no government support and their albums were copied and passed around the nation via samizdat free of charge. This made Tsoi even more popular among the people because it showed that he was down to earth and they could relate to him. He also went on tour in 1988–1989 to Italy, France, and Denmark. Kino's finest hour came in 1990 with a concert at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. 62,000 fans filled the stands to celebrate the triumph of the USSR's most successful rock group. It also was one of the four times the Luzhniki Olympic Fire was ever lit.

Film appearances

In 1987, the band Kino, along with other Russian rock bands, appeared as themselves in Assa (Асса), a film by Sergei Solovyov. However, the film as a whole has nothing to do with Rock, and Kino simply appears as a cameo in the end.

In 1988, Viktor Tsoi starred as the protagonist in The Needle (Russian: Игла, Igla), directed by Rashid Nugmanov and written by Aleksandr Baranov and Bakhyt Kilibayev. The plot is centred around the character Moro, who returns to Almaty, Kazakhstan, to collect money owed to him. While waiting out an unexpected delay, he visits his former girlfriend Dina and discovers she has become a morphine addict. He decides to help her kick the habit and fight the local drug mafia responsible for her condition. But Moro finds a deadly opponent in "the doctor," the mafia kingpin who is exploiting Dina.[30] Viktor was nominated for an award for his role in the film.[28]

The film's soundtrack, including original music by Tsoi's band Kino, contributes to the overall feeling of the movie, in addition to the film's use of post-modern twists and surreal scenes.

The movie was officially released in February 1989 in the Soviet Union.

Cultural impact

Russian stamp devoted to Viktor Tsoi, 1999
The Tsoi Wall in the Arbat District of Moscow

Portraits of Viktor Tsoi are displayed today in many places around Russia, from graffiti on the fences of St. Petersburg to an entire wall dedicated to Viktor Tsoi in a bylane of the famous Arbat street in Moscow, where fans still gather to remember their hero. Other Tsoi Walls can also be found in Minsk, Belarus and in some regions of Kazakhstan. In 2000 some of the nation's top rock bands came together and released their interpretations of Kino's best songs as a tribute to Viktor Tsoi on what would have been his 38th birthday.

Most recently, Viktor Tsoi's "Gruppa krovi" is played through Grand Theft Auto IV's fictional radio station Vladivostok FM.

South Korean rock band YB covered the song "Gruppa krovi".

On June 21, 2012, Google commemorated Tsoi's 50th birthday with a Google Doodle reminiscent of the Tsoi Wall.[31][32]

Viktor Ahn, a South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater chose his Russian name "Viktor" in honour of Tsoi.[33]

In 2012, on his 50th birthday, the members of Kino gathered to record the song Ataman (Атаман), with his vocals that were recovered from his car crash but never used because of its poor quality. The drummer Georgiy Guryanov died shortly after, making Ataman the last song recorded by Kino and its members.

in 2018 film Summer, Tsoi was played by Teo Yoo.[34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.rigathisweek.lv/event/cultural_agenda/heavy/cabaret-band-silver-wedding-bellorussia/381
  2. ↑ http://www.dispatchbox.net/index.php/2013/07/14/retour-en-urss-gloire-du-soviet-rock-et-de-viktor-tsoi/
  3. ↑ Viktor Tsoi's parents in Lyubov' skvoz' gody, 2008 – YouTube
  4. ↑ Relatives of Viktor Tsoi lived in Vladivostok in the area of the first Rivers (translation).Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 41
  5. ↑ http://petersburglike.ru/2015-08-23/dom-so-shpilem-ili-generalskij-dom/
  6. ↑ http://www.rosbalt.ru/piter/2012/06/21/994918.html
  7. ↑ Житинский 2012.
  8. ↑ "Prominent Russians: Viktor Tsoy." RT. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.
  9. ↑ Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 64
  10. ↑ Виктор Цой на сайте «Личности»
  11. ↑ «Петербургский курьер». Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном Archived 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ "Marianna Igorevna Rodovanskaya Tsoi (1959–2005) – Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  13. ↑ https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8741/viktor-tsoi-rockstar-soviet-music
  14. 1 2 "Биография Виктора Цоя". РИА Новости. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
  15. ↑ Схема аварии на сайте РИА Новости // ФГУП РАМИ «РИА Новости» 2007, 15.08.2007; : «В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил.»
  16. ↑ Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика – РИА Новости [Tsoi's Death: How Did the Accident on Sloka-Talsi Road Happen] (in Russian). Rian.ru. 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  17. ↑ Н. Солдатенков, КИНО без Цоя? // Сайт kinoman.net, Библиотека
  18. ↑ Комментарий отца Виктора — Роберта Максимовича, в передаче «Битва экстрасенсов».
  19. ↑ Андрей Беляев, «В этот момент из-за поворота выскочил „Икарус-250“» // латвийская газета «Советская молодежь», 23 августа 1995 года
  20. ↑ Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика
  21. ↑ "Цой: последний путь". Фотоархивы (in Russian). Photoescape. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
  22. ↑ Фамилия Цой
  23. ↑ Marianna Tsoy has died
  24. ↑ "She died a widow of Viktor Tsoi. What will happen to the monument of rock legends?". BestTopNews.Com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  25. ↑ Александр Цой
  26. ↑ Москва 24 ― Сын Виктора Цоя дал первое телевизионное интервью
  27. ↑ Viktor Tsoi's biography at the website lichnosti.net
  28. 1 2 "Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult". Rock Cult (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-03-09.
  29. ↑ Марианна Цой. (1991). "Точка отсчета". Виктор Цой. Стихи. Документы. Воспоминания. Звезды рок-н-ролла. Л.: Новый Геликон. Сост. Марианна Цой, Александр Житинский. ISBN 5-85-395-018-5.
  30. ↑ Written by Forrest Ciesol for IMDB
  31. ↑ "Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle". En.rian.ru. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  32. ↑ "Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday". Google Doodles. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
  33. ↑ Mark Zeigler (10 February 2014). "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love". U-T San Diego.
  34. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180510-leto-premieres-despite-its-directors-house-arrest

Further reading

  • (in Russian) "Виктор Цой, Звезда по Имени Солнце: Стихи, Песни, Воспоминания", Eksmo, 2001.
  • Tsoi, Marianna; Aleksandr Zhitinsky (1991). Viktor Tsoi: stikhi, dokumenty, vospominaniya (in Russian). St. Peterburg: Novy Gelikon. ISBN 5-85395-018-5.
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