Viña Delmar

Viña Delmar
Viña Delmar in trailer for
Sadie McKee, as the writer
Born January 29, 1903
New York City
Died January 19, 1990 (age 86)
Los Angeles
Occupation Writer, playwright, screenwriter
Nationality United States
Period 1920s–1970s
Genre Fiction, historical fiction
Spouse Eugene Delmar

Viña Delmar (January 29, 1903 – January 19, 1990) was an American short story writer, novelist, playwright, and screenwriter who worked from the 1920s to the 1970s. She rose to fame in the late 1920s with the publication of her risqué novel, Bad Girl, which became a bestseller in 1928. Delmar also wrote the screenplay to the screwball comedy, The Awful Truth, for which she received an Academy Award nomination in 1937.

Early years

Viña Delmar was born Alvina Louise Croter on January 29, 1903 in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of vaudeville performers Isaac "Ike" Croter and Jennie A. Croter, née Guran or Guerin. Her parents were regulars on the vaudeville circuit as well as performers in the Yiddish theater in New York City and other major cities in the United States. Ike Croter went by the stage name of "Charlie Hoey" (or "Chas Hoey"), and formed half of the musical duo "Hoey and Lee," alongside partner Harry Lee.[1] Jennie Croter was a chorus girl and singer who performed under the name "Jean Powell" (or "Jeanne Powell").[2]

From the outset of her life, Delmar was bundled up and taken along by her parents as they performed on the vaudeville circuit in the United States. At the age of three weeks, she was in San Francisco, with the top drawer of her mother's trunk used as a cradle. In 1911, when Delmar was eight, her mother retired from the stage, and the family settled in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn. Not long afterwards, on September 13, 1916, her mother died, and with her father, Viña moved to the Bronx. She attended public schools only until the age of 13, and by age 16, was appearing on the stage.[3] With her stage career struggling—Delmar deemed herself "not a good actress"—she took on various employments in the 1920s, including theater usher, typist, switchboard operator, and assistant manager of a moving picture house in Harlem. Sardonically, playing off her failings on the stage, she noted "I was a notable success as an usher." [4]

Writing career

As a child of nine years of age, Delmar showed an interest in writing and began to pen stories. Her first success with publication was achieved with her short story "Tony Checks Out", which appeared in the risqué magazine Snappy Stories in 1922.[5]

Delmar's breakthrough as a writer occurred at age 25 with her first book, Bad Girl, a popular fiction novel published in 1928 by Harcourt Brace and Co. Spinning a cautionary tale about premarital sex, pregnancy, and childbirth, filtered through the lens of tenement, working-class married life, Bad Girl was an unexpected and immediate sensation. The novel gained additional notoriety when it was initially banned in Boston.[6] The success of the book induced the Literary Guild to choose it as its April 1928 selection, which edged sales even higher. The book entered the Publishers Weekly fiction bestseller list at #9 on May 26, 1928, and peaked at #4 on June 30, 1928, holding that position for four weeks.[7] Overall, for the year 1928, the book ranked fifth on the Publishers Weekly fiction bestseller list.[8]

In 1929, attempting to capitalize on the success of Bad Girl, Delmar wrote two other books in quick succession, featuring suggestive titles. Kept Woman was a novel, while Loose Ladies presented eleven fictional portraits of modern American city women.[9] Both books drew the attention of censors, but little came of it. As the Great Depression took hold in the early 1930s, Delmar's gritty tenement stories began to slip out of favor with the reading public. Women Live Too Long and The Marriage Racket were published in 1932 and 1933, respectively, but neither book nor the quick follow-ups to Bad Girl managed to crack the bestseller lists, though all were later reissued in paperback by Avon in the 1940s. With the exception of a Cosmopolitan short story, The End of the World, that was reformatted and sold in paperback in 1934, Delmar didn't have a new novel published until 1950.

The earlier success of Bad Girl, which was adapted to the screen in 1931, gave Delmar entry to Hollywood. The Delmars, who worked as writing team, nourished a connection to director Leo McCarey and wrote two screenplays for him that he brought to the screen—the drama Make Way for Tomorrow (1937) and the screwball comedy The Awful Truth (1937). Both movies found success at the box office, especially The Awful Truth, which starred Cary Grant and Irene Dunne. Viña Delmar was honored with an Academy Award nomination for her screenplay of The Awful Truth. Soon afterwards, however, the Delmars chose to exit the screenplay business, even though they continued to live in Hollywood. "We used to do movie scenarios," Viña stated in a 1956 interview with The New York Times Book Review. "There was The Awful Truth many years ago. That was good, and since we didn't like the work we decided to quit while we were winning."[10]

Viña wrote her stories and novels with the editorial assistance of her husband, Eugene, though he rarely received credit in the published works. In the 1956 Times Book Review interview, she pointed out the collaborative nature of their working relationship: "When we're working, we discuss the plot a long time. I write up a draft in longhand. Then my husband puts it through the typewriter, changing as he goes."[11]

During the 1930s and 40s, Delmar and her husband continued to churn out short stories, most of which were regularly featured in large circulation magazines, such as Cosmopolitan and Liberty. By the mid-1940s, the duo had switched gears toward the theater, writing The Rich Full Life: A Play in Three Acts, which opened November 9, 1945 in New York City. However, the play failed to find an audience and closed after 27 performances.[12] The Delmars found more success with their second effort, Mid-Summer, a comedy that opened at the Vanderbilt Theatre January 21, 1953. The play featured Geraldine Page in her Broadway debut. After a respectable run of 109 performances, Mid-Summer closed April 25, 1953.[13] Warm Wednesday, another comedy, was published in book form by Samuel French, Inc. in 1959, but, evidently, was never produced on Broadway, as there is no reference to the work in the Internet Broadway Database.

At the same time the Delmars were attempting to succeed in the theater, "About Mrs. Leslie," Viña's first novel since 1933, was published to moderate success in 1950. The story detailed the life and love of a small-time Beverly Hills boarding house owner, and the lives of her tenants. The novel was successfully brought to the screen in 1954.[14] Delmar also produced two other books in 1950 and 1951—The Laughing Stranger and Marcaboth Women. In late 1957, her editorial partner and husband, Eugene Delmar, passed away. Viña's output slowed for a period, and instead of continuing with fiction, she reinvented herself as a historical novelist. Between 1956 and 1976, she wrote 10 book-length works, all but one of which were published by Harcourt, Brace and Co. Notable among these was The Becker Scandal, which examined the life, trial and execution of New York City policeman Charles Becker. Some in academia consider the work to be autobiographical,[15] while others are more questioning of Delmar's recollections.[16] Delmar's last book, McKeever, was published in 1976.

Works

Novels

  • Bad Girl (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1928)
  • Kept Woman (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1929)
  • Loose Ladies (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1929) Collection of short stories.
  • Women Live Too Long (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1932)
  • The Marriage Racket (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1933)
  • The End of the World (International Magazine Co., 1934) Reprint of the complete novel that was originally published in Cosmopolitan Magazine; 54 pages.
  • The Love Trap (New York: Avon #189, 1946)
  • The Restless Passion (New York: Avon Book Co., 1947); retitled reissue of Women Live Too Long (1932).
  • New Orleans Lady (New York: Avon #209, 1949)
  • About Mrs. Leslie (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1950)
  • The Laughing Stranger (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1950)
  • Strangers in Love (New York: Dell Pub. Co., 1951)
  • Marcaboth Women (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1951)
  • Beloved (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1956)
  • The Breeze From Camelot (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1959)
  • The Big Family (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1961)
  • The Enchanted (Harcourt Brace & Co., 1965)
  • Grandmère (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1967)
  • The Becker Scandal: A Time Remembered (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1968)

The Becker Scandal deals with the events surrounding the arrest, trial and execution of New York City policeman Charles Becker. The book is considered by some scholars and readers autobiographical,[17] and by others historical fiction. The actual disposition of the book, whether fact, quasi-fact, or embellished fiction, may be impossible to determine.

  • The Freeways (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1971)
  • Anatomy of Spanish (privately printed, 1973)
  • A Time for Titans (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974)
  • McKeever (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976)

Plays

  • The Rich Full Life: A Play in Three Acts (New York: Samuel French, 1946)
  • Mid-Summer: A Comedy in Three Acts (New York: Samuel French, 1954)
  • Warm Wednesday: A Comedy in Three Acts (New York: Samuel French, 1959)

Screenplays

Personal life

On May 20, 1921, at age of 18, she married Albert Otto Zimmerman, a radio announcer and writer. The marriage record indicates that "Alvina L. Miller" was divorced.[18] If the record is accurate, her marriage to Zimmerman (Eugene Delmar) was her second. Viña claimed she met her husband at a Greenwich Village rendezvous, that it was a case of "love at first sight," and they married the next day.[19] At the time of the marriage, perhaps prior, but certainly soon afterwards, Zimmerman was using the name "Eugene Delmar" or "Gene Delmar," and Viña assumed the surname as well, as evidenced in contemporary newspaper articles.[20] Zimmerman formerly changed his name to Eugene Delmar in July 1929.

The Delmars gained a brief moment of national attention in June 1921 when Viña, on a gag, placed an advertisement to "rent" her husband for a year. The stunt, apparently due to the financial hardships of the young couple, led to a story that quickly spread throughout the United States. The ad read: "FOR RENT One husband. Terms, $5,000 a year. Qualifications: Handsome, lovely disposition, great adaptability, stays home nights, beautiful singing voice, wonderful ball room dancer, superior education VINA DELMAR (Mrs. Gene Delmar)"[21] Viña's explanation for the advertisement was reported in some accounts: "Gene is a writer," she said of her husband. "He writes lovely poems to me and wants to write other things. Of course, he couldn’t support us yet on writing."[22] The publication which ran the original advertisement wasn't identified in the newspaper reports of 1928 and remains, currently, unidentified.

After her marriage to Albert Otto Zimmerman (Eugene Delmar) in 1921, Viña and her husband initially resided for several years in the Inwood area of Manhattan. They then lived in Scarsdale, New York in the 1930s. By 1940, the duo, along with their teenage son, Gray (born 1924), had moved to Los Angeles and Hollywood. Viña and Eugene Delmar remained married until his death December 14, 1957 in Los Angeles. Gray died in an automobile racing accident in 1966. Viña Delmar died January 19, 1990 at age 86 in a Pasadena, California convalescent home.[23] She is interred in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood, California, as is her husband, Eugene Delmar.

Note: Official documents and published material reveal that Viña Delmar and her husband, Gene, were not always forthright when it came to providing personal information. Viña is quoted in a 1931 book of author biographies that she was "born in the winter of 1905."[24] She was actually born January 29, 1903 per her New York birth certificate (Certificate No. 3137). The 1903 date of her birth is confirmed by the 1910 Census record of the "Charles" Croter family. Because of the 1905 date Viña provided for her birth, it was reported in various publications that she had married Eugene Delmar at age 16.[25] This was inaccurate, as she was 18; but she may have had a prior marriage. There also are two marriage records on file that document, to one degree or another, Viña and Gene Delmar as participants: (1) the aforementioned Zimmerman marriage record (Albert O. Zimmerman, age 21, married Alvina L. Miller, age 18, May 10, 1921, Manhattan, New York; others (present): Charles Croter, Jean Cariaga/Miller) and (2) a Gene Delmar marriage in Philadelphia (Gene Delmar married Hoey, 1922, Philadelphia, PA; Marriage License No. 457957). Considering that Viña Delmar's father went by the stage name Charlie or Chas. Hoey, the record possibly reflects that Viña and Gene Delmar married a second time, or perhaps renewed their vows, with Viña using the surname "Hoey."

Filmography

References

  1. ↑ http://search.proquest.com/docview/97862628
  2. ↑ The New York Times (September 15, 1916, p. 11) Obituary Notes
  3. ↑ Kunitz, Stanley J. and Howard Haycraft, ed. Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature (New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1942), p.370
  4. ↑ Kunitz, Stanley J. Living Authors: A Book of Biographies edited by Dilly Tante [pseud.] (New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1931), p. 102
  5. ↑ Urch, Kakie. "The [EM] Space of Modernism and the Possibility of Flâneuserie: The Case of Viña Delmar and Her 'Bad Girls.'" Modernism, Gender, and Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Edited with an Introduction by Lisa Rado. (New York and Oxfordshire, England: Routledge, 1997), p. 20.
  6. ↑ Aliperti, Cliff. "Viña Delmar and Uptown New York (1932)" IMMORTAL EPHEMERA – World Wide’s Bad Girl
  7. ↑ Justice, Keith L. Bestseller Index: All Books, Publishers Weekly and the New York Times Through 1990 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Co., 1998), p. 91
  8. ↑ Raub, Patricia. Yesterday's Stories: Popular Women's Novels of the Twenties and Thirties (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 13
  9. ↑ Time Magazine
  10. ↑ The New York Times Book Review (March 25, 1956, p. 30.)
  11. ↑ The New York Times Book Review (March 25, 1956, p. 30.)
  12. ↑ Internet Broadway Database. The Rich Full Life
  13. ↑ Internet Broadway Database. Mid-Summer
  14. ↑ Internet Movie Database. About Mrs. Leslie
  15. ↑ Urch, Kakie. "The [EM] Space of Modernism and the Possibility of Flâneuserie: The Case of Viña Delmar and Her 'Bad Girls.'" Modernism, Gender, and Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Edited with an Introduction by Lisa Rado. (New York and Oxfordshire, England: Routledge, 1997), pp. 17–46.
  16. ↑ Dash, Mike. Satan's Circus: Murder, Vice, Police Corruption, and New York's Trial of the Century (New York: Crown, 2007)
  17. ↑ Urch, Kakie. "The [EM] Space of Modernism and the Possibility of Flâneuserie: The Case of Viña Delmar and Her 'Bad Girls.'" Modernism, Gender, and Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Edited with an Introduction by Lisa Rado. (New York and Oxfordshire, England: Routledge, 1997), pp. 17–46.
  18. ↑ Ancestry.com New York, New York Marriage Certificate Index, 1866–1937 [database online], Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Certificate No. 22214
  19. ↑ Rohe, Alice. "Rush to Rent Hubby at $5000 a Year" Arizona Republic. (Sunday, June 26, 1921, p. 2) Article
  20. ↑ Rohe, Alice. "Rush to Rent Hubby at $5000 a Year" Arizona Republic. (Sunday, June 26, 1921, p. 2) Article
  21. ↑ Rohe, Alice. "Rush to Rent Hubby at $5000 a Year" Arizona Republic. (Sunday, June 26, 1921, p. 2) Article
  22. ↑ "“Rush Is Made to Rent Hubby at Five Thousand Per Year” New Castle Herald. (June 21, 1921, page 9).
  23. ↑ "Vina Delmar; Adapted 'The Awful Truth' for the Screen" Los Angeles Times (January 28, 1990) Death Notice
  24. ↑ Kunitz, Stanley J. Living Authors: A Book of Biographies edited by Dilly Tante [pseud.] (New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1931), p. 102
  25. ↑ Kunitz, Stanley J. and Howard Haycraft, ed. Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature (New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1942), p.370
  26. ↑ "Viña Delmar". Retrieved 13 November 2011.
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