Udjahorresnet

Udjaḥorresnet
Naophoros statue of Udjahorresnet. Rome, Museo Gregoriano Egizio
Dynasty 26th-27th Dynasty
Pharaoh Amasis II, Psamtik III, Cambyses II, Darius I
Burial shaft tomb at Abusir?

Udjaḥorresnet (or Wedjaḥorresnet, and many other variants) was an ancient Egyptian high official who lived between the end of the 26th Dynasty and the beginning of the 27th Dynasty. He is mainly known for his efforts in promoting the Egyptian customs to the early Achaemenid kings of the 27th Dynasty.

We know about his remarkable and controversial career thanks to his autobiography, inscribed on a well known statue depicting him; the statue, commonly called Naoforo vaticano (Italian for "Vatican naophoros") was originally placed in the temple of Neith at Sais likely in Year 3 of Darius I (c.519 BCE) and is now exhibited inside the Vatican Museums (more precisely in the Museo Gregoriano Egizio) of Rome.[1]

Biography

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Udjaḥorresnet
in hieroglyphs

Early in his career, during the reigns of pharaohs Amasis II and Psamtik III, Udjahorresnet was a commander of ships (admiral), a physician and a priest of Neith in Sais.[2] After the defeat at Pelusium in 525 BCE and the subsequent conquest of Egypt by Cambyses II, he eventually was relieved from his military duties.[3]

Nevertheless, his influence grew unexpectedly under the reign of the foreign kings, Cambyses and his successor Darius I: Udjahorresnet apparently became a sort of collaborationist for the Persians, managing to enter in the royal court as chancellor and chief physician. From his statue is known that he used his influence to make Cambyses acknowledge and respect Egyptian customs.[2] Acculturated by Udjahorresnet, the pharaoh paid homage to the goddess Neith at Sais, not before having driven out many Persian squatters who had settled within the temple; Udjahorresnet himself composed Cambyses' pharaonic titulary, calling him the Horus Smatawy (”He who unifies the Two Lands”) and the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Mesutire (“Offspring of Ra”).[4]
After Cambyses' death (522 BCE), Udjahorresnet's mission continued with Darius I: in fact, he even escorted Darius on his return to Susa[2] and before returning to Egypt, he persuaded the new pharaoh to entrust to him the restoration of Per-ankh (“House of Life”), a well known educational and cultural institution in ancient Egypt.[5][6]

Udjahorresnet probably died later during Darius' reign. His huge shaft tomb at Abusir was excavated between 1980 and 1993, and found looted in antiquity.[7] It is still matter of debate if Udjahorresnet was indeed buried here or not;[8] if not, it is possible that he died in Persia, and his corpse buried here instead of being repatriated.[9]

References

  1. ↑ Lloyd, op. cit., p. 166.
  2. 1 2 3 Rice, Michael, Who is who in Ancient Egypt, 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-44328-4, p. 212.
  3. ↑ Lloyd, op. cit., pp.168-169.
  4. ↑ Lloyd, op. cit., p. 169.
  5. ↑ Lloyd, op. cit., p. 173.
  6. ↑ Bunson, Margaret, Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 1438109970, p. 419.
  7. ↑ Bares, p. 7
  8. ↑ Bares, p. 79
  9. ↑ Bresciani, Edda (2001). Nove faraoni [Nine pharaohs]. Pisa: Edizioni Plus, Università di Pisa. ISBN 88-8492-095-7. , p. 105

Sources

  • Lloyd, Alan B. (1982). "The inscription of Udjahorresnet. A collaborator's testament". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 68: 166–190.
  • Bares, Ladislav (1999). Abusir: Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, vol. IV: The shaft tomb of Udjahorresnet at Abusir. Prague: Universitas Carolina Pragensis.

Further reading

  • Lopez, Francesco (2015). Democede di Crotone e Udjahorresnet di Sais. Medici primari alla corte achemenide di Dario il Grande, Pisa: Pisa University Press.
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