Type locality (geology)
Type locality, also called type area, type site, or type section, is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified.[1] If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.[2]
The term is similar to the term type site in archaeology or the term type specimen in biology.
Examples of geological type localities
Rocks and minerals
- Aragonite: Molina de Aragón, Guadalajara, Spain
- Autunite: Autun, France
- Benmoreite: Ben More (Mull), Scotland[3]
- Blairmorite: Blairmore, Alberta, Canada
- Boninite: Bonin Islands, Japan[4]
- Comendite: Comende, San Pietro Island, Sardinia[5]
- Coyoteite: Coyote Peak near Orick, California, USA
- Cummingtonite: Cummington, Massachusetts
- Dunite: Dun Mountain, New Zealand.[6]
- Essexite: Essex County, Massachusetts, US[7]
- Fayalite: Horta, Fayal Island, Azores, Portugal
- Harzburgite: Bad Harzburg, Germany
- Hilairite: Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada
- Icelandite: Thingmuli (Þingmúli), Iceland[8]
- Ijolite: Livaara, Kuusamo, Finland[9]
- Kimberlite: Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa
- Komatiite: Komati River, South Africa[10]
- Labradorite: Paul's Island, Labrador, Canada
- Lherzolite: Étang de Lers, France (Old spelling was: Étang de Lherz).[6]
- Mimetite: Treue Freundschaft Mine, Johanngeorgenstadt, Germany
- Mugearite: Mugeary, Skye, Scotland
- Mullite: Isle of Mull, Scotland
- Pantellerite: Pantelleria, off Sicily[11]
- Portlandite: Scawt Hill, Ballygalley, Larne, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
- Rodingite: Roding River, New Zealand.
- Sabugalite: Sabugal, Guarda District, Portugal
- Sovite: Norsjø, Norway[12]
- Strontianite: Strontian, Scotland (also the element strontium derived from the mineral)
- Temagamite: Copperfields Mine, Temagami, Ontario, Canada
- Tonalite: Tonale Pass
- Trondhjemite: Follstad, Støren, Norway[13]
- Tyuyamunite: Tyuya-Muyun, Fergana Valley, Kyrgyzstan
- Uraninite: Joachimsthal, Austria-Hungary (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic)
- Websterite: Webster in North Carolina.[6]
- Widgiemoolthalite: Widgiemooltha, Western Australia, Australia
Formations and structures
- Bearpaw Formation: Bear Paw Mountains, Montana, USA
- Burgess Shale: Burgess Pass on Mount Burgess, Alberta-BC, Canada
- Caldera: Caldera de Taburiente, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
- Calvert Formation: Calvert Cliffs State Park, Maryland, USA
- Chapel Island Formation: Chapel Island, Newfoundland, Canada
- Chattanooga Shale: Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
- Chazy Formation: Chazy, New York, USA
- Coon Creek Formation: Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA
- Fort Payne Formation: Fort Payne, Alabama, USA
- Jacobsville Sandstone: Jacobsville, Michigan, USA
- Holston Formation: Holston River, Tennessee, USA
- St. Louis Limestone: St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Ste. Genevieve Limestone: Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, USA
- Temple Butte Limestone: Temple Butte, Grand Canyon, USA[14]
See also
References
- ↑ "Scottish Geology, Glossary: Type locality/area". Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery of the University of Glasgow. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ↑ "Stratotypes and Type Localities". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ↑ "Benmoreite". Oxford Index. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ↑ Harms U., Koeberl C. & Zoback M.D. (2007). Continental Scientific Drilling: A Decade of Progress, and Challenges for the Future. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 311. ISBN 9783540687788.
- ↑ Robinson H.H. (1913). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 76. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 109.
- 1 2 3 Rogers, Nick; Stephen Blake; Kevin Burton; Mike Widdowson; Ian Parkinson; Nigel Harris (2008). An introduction to our dynamic planet (Co-published ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0521494243.
- ↑ Report of the State Geologist, Volume 11. 1918. p. 191.
- ↑ Middlemost E.A.K. (1985). Magmas and magmatic rocks: an introduction to igneous petrology. Longman. p. 89. ISBN 9780582300804.
- ↑ Maier W.D., Lahtinen R. & O'Brien H. (2015). Minerals Deposits of Finland. Elsevier. p. 302. ISBN 9780124104761.
- ↑ Glikson A.Y. (2014). The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth. Springer. p. 75. ISBN 9783319079080.
- ↑ Gill R. (2010). Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide. John Wiley & Sons. p. 328. ISBN 9781444330656.
- ↑ Oftedahl C. (1989). "Sövite". Encyclopedia of Earth Science: 544–545. doi:10.1007/0-387-30845-8_231.
- ↑ Dunning G.R. & Grenne T. (2000). "U-Pb age dating and paleotectonic significance of trondhjemite from the type locality in the Central Norwegian Caledonides" (PDF). Norges geologiske undersøkelse Bulletin. 437: 57–65.
- ↑ Temple Butte Limestone, USGS
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