Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve
Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. (Tricuspid valve labeled at bottom left.)
Base of ventricles exposed by removal of the atria. (Tricuspid valve visible at bottom right.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin Valvula tricuspidalis,
valva atrioventricularis dextra
MeSH D014261
TA A12.1.02.003
FMA 7234
Anatomical terminology

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

Structure

The normal tricuspid valve usually has three leaflets, named the anterior, posterior, and septal leaflets[1]. Each leaflet is connected via chordae tendineae to the anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles of the right ventricle, respectively. Tricuspid valves may also occur with two or four leaflets; the number may change over a lifetime.[2]

Function

The tricuspid valve functions as a one-way valve that closes during ventricular systole to prevent regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium. It opens during ventricular diastole, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium into right ventricle. The back flow of blood is also known as regression or tricuspid regurgitation.[3] Tricuspid regurgitation can result in increased ventricular preload because the blood refluxed back into the atrium is added to the volume of blood that must be pumped back into the ventricle during the next cycle of ventricular diastole. Increased right ventricular preload over a prolonged period of time may lead to right ventricular enlargement (dilatation)[4], which can progress to right heart failure if left uncorrected[5].

Clinical significance

Tricuspid regurgitation is not uncommon.

Infected valves can result in endocarditis in intravenous drug users.[6][7] Patients who inject narcotics or other drugs intravenously may introduce infection, which can travel to the right side of the heart, most often caused by the bacteria S. aureus.[8] In patients without a history of intravenous exposure, endocarditis is more frequently left-sided.[8]

The tricuspid valve can be affected by rheumatic fever, which can cause tricuspid stenosis or tricuspid insufficiency (also called tricuspid regurgitation).[9] Some individuals are born with congenital abnormalities of the tricuspid valve. Congenital apical displacement of the tricuspid valve is called Ebstein's anomaly and typically causes significant tricuspid regurgitation.

Certain carcinoid syndromes can affect the tricuspid valve by producing fibrosis due to serotonin production by those tumors.

The first endovascular tricuspid valve implant was performed by surgeons at the Cleveland Clinic.[10]

Additional images

References

  1. ↑ "Anatomy of the Tricuspid Valve". e-echocardiography.com. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  2. ↑ Richard Van Pragh: Cardiac anatomy in A. C. Chang et al.: Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Philadelphia 1998.
  3. ↑ Healthline Editorial Team. "Right atrioventricular valve (Tricuspid valve)". Healthline.
  4. ↑ Reynertson, Sandra I.; Kundur, Ramesh; Mullen, G. Martin; Costanzo, Maria Rosa; McKiernan, Thomas L.; Louie, Eric K. (1999-08-03). "Asymmetry of Right Ventricular Enlargement in Response to Tricuspid Regurgitation". Circulation. 100 (5): 465–467. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.100.5.465. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 10430758.
  5. ↑ "Enlarged heart - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  6. ↑ Demin AA, Drobysheva VP, Vel'ter OIu (2000). "[Infectious endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers]". Klinicheskaia meditsina (in Russian). 78 (8): 47–51. PMID 11019526.
  7. ↑ Butany J, Dev V, Leong SW, Soor GS, Thangaroopan M, Borger MA (2006). "Infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve". Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 21 (6): 603–4. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2006.00313.x. PMID 17073968.
  8. 1 2 Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 406–8. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
  9. ↑ Tricuspid valve disease Mount Sinai Hospital, New York
  10. ↑ University Circle Inc. Archived 2008-06-17 at the Wayback Machine.
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