Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis

Triboro Hospital
Queens Hospital Center
NYC Health + Hospitals
Geography
Location 161-25 Parsons Boulevard,[1] Jamaica, New York City, New York, United States
Coordinates 40°43′02″N 73°48′28″W / 40.717318°N 73.807760°W / 40.717318; -73.807760Coordinates: 40°43′02″N 73°48′28″W / 40.717318°N 73.807760°W / 40.717318; -73.807760
Organization
Funding Public
Hospital type Tuberculosis hospital (former)
History
Founded January 2, 1941
Closed Circa 2000
Links
Website www.nychealthandhospitals.org/queens/
Lists Hospitals in New York
Other links Hospitals in Queens

Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis or Triboro Tuberculosis Hospital, later simply Triboro Hospital and now known as "Building T"[2] or the "T Building",[3][4] is a former municipal tuberculosis sanatorium and later a general hospital located on the campus of Queens Hospital Center in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. Completed in 1941, it was merged with the adjacent Queens General Hospital to form Queens Hospital Center in the 1950s, and converted into a general hospital by the 1970s. Now primarily used for administrative purposes, several plans have been proposed to reuse the site, or to preserve the building as a historic landmark.

Description

Triboro Hospital overlooking the surrounding neighborhood

Triboro Hospital is located the west end of the Queens Hospital Center campus on Parsons Boulevard between 82nd Drive and Goethals Avenue.[2][5][3][6] The building was designed by architect John Russell Pope, and later by the Eggers & Higgins firm after Pope's death, in Art Moderne-style. New York City Commissioner of Hospitals Dr. Sigismund Goldwater supervised the design.[7][8][9] The hospital served Queens, as well as Brooklyn and the Bronx.[10]

The building is a total of eleven stories high, with nine floors for patients and two additional mechanical floors.[8][10] The building was sited at an angle to the north-south grid, with its main entrance facing southwest towards the intersection of Parsons and 82nd Drive. The orientation allowed afternoon sunlight to hit the front of the building.[6][11] It features one main wing facing southwest, with shorter wings at each end angled inward to fit the property.[12] The hospital was built with a patient capacity of over 500 with six-bed hospital wards.[5][8][6] It was designed with numerous windows and glass interior walls, glass-encolsed sunrooms or solariums, and cantilever balconies, all to maximize natural light entering the facility and exposure of patients to the sun. Each floor of the hospital had three sunrooms.[5][7][8] Its basement was built with locker, dining, and storage facilities, along with a tunnel connecting to the then-Queens General Hospital buildings.[13] Triboro Hospital's outer design has a "symmetrical facade and a minium of ornamentation," utilizing gray brick and limestone trim.[5][8] It was built with four elevators installed by the Otis Elevator Company.[14][15]

The T Building is currently used by Queens Hospital Center for administrative offices, storage, and clinic and psychiatric services.[2][3] Several clinics were relocated to "The Pavilion" of QHC when it opened in 2007.[16][17] More services have been relocated from the T Building since then, due to the deteriorating condition of the building.[4][18]

Transportation

The Q25 and Q34 buses run along Parsons Boulevard, directly serving Building T. The Q65 bus route runs north-to-south along 164th Street on the east side of the Queens Hospital campus, serving the main buildings. The Q46 bus runs along Union Turnpike several blocks north of the hospital grounds.[19][20] The closest New York City Subway stations are the Parsons Boulevard station of the IND Queens Boulevard Line on Hillside Avenue to the south, connected by the Q25, Q34, and Q65, and the Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike station to the west connected by the Q46. The Q25, Q34, and Q65 routes also connect with the Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer subway station on Parsons and Archer Avenues, and the Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport subway and Jamaica Long Island Rail Road stations on Supthin Boulevard and Archer Avenue.[19][20]

History

The 22-acre site of Queens Hospital Center was originally the Haack farm, purchased by the city in 1903.[21][22] The Queensboro Hospital for Contagious Diseases opened on the property on June 29, 1916.[22][23][24] Queens General Hospital was opened on October 30, 1935,[25][26] and absorbed Queensboro Hospital (later the Queensboro Pavilion) on March 1, 1936.[21][27][28]

Construction of Triboro Hospital

Views of Triboro Hospital circa 1940. Looking from across Parsons Boulevard (left); looking west from a balcony (right).

In 1936, the city planned to construct a new tuberculosis hospital adjacent to Queens General and Queensboro Pavilion, pending funding. The project was approved by the Public Works Administration (PWA).[29][30] The new hospital would relieve crowding at the Queensboro Pavilion, which treated tuberculosis patients at that time.[31] Architect John Russell Pope began preliminary designs on the hospital in 1937.[32] Groundbreaking on Triboro Hospital took place on August 3, 1938, attended by Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia.[10][33][34] Excavating for the hospital's foundation began on September 29, 1938.[35] The cornerstone for the hospital was laid by Mayor La Guardia on September 28, 1939.[36][37][38] The hospital was originally to have been dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in November 1940, but the president was unable to attend.[39] The hospital was opened by Mayor La Guardia on January 2, 1941.[6][40] Costing a total of $3.5 million,[38] 40 percent of the cost (around $1.5 million dollars) was defrayed by a grant from the PWA, with the rest of the money coming from the city.[41][13][6] Upon opening, three patients were immediately transferred from Queens General to Triboro Hospital. The next day, nine additional patients were transferred from Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn. Patients were also transferred from Bellevue Hospital in Lower Manhattan.[42][43] The hospital was officially dedicated on January 28, 1941 by La Guardia, who stated that it was designed to be converted into a general hospital "twenty-five years from now."[39][44]

During the various ceremonies, Mayor La Guardia expressed regret for the conditions that ultimately led to the high prevalence of tuberculosis within New York City, making Triboro Hospital necessary. La Guardia attributed the high rates of the disease to a lack of high-quality housing, and the city not keeping up with modern medicine. During the cornerstone ceremony, he referred to the hospital as "the Hospital of Mistakes of the Past." La Guardia claimed that slum clearance and improved housing programs would eliminate the disease and the need for institutions like Triboro Hospital.[10][37][38][39][44]

Later years

In July 1950 Neponsit Beach Hospital, another tuberculosis hospital adjacent to Jacob Riis Park in Neponsit, Rockaway, began operating as an annex of Triboro Hospital, with 24 patients transferred from Triboro to Neponsit.[45][46] On June 19, 1952, it was announced that Queens General, Queensboro Hospital, and Triboro Hospital would be consolidated into Queens Hospital Center. Three other facilities were also absorbed into the new hospital: Neponsit Beach Hospital; the College Point Outpatient Department, an outpatient dispensary; and the Ozone Park ambulance station.[21][47] In spite of the unification, Queens General and Triboro Hospital continued to operate largely independent of each other.[48] The College Point dispensary was closed at the end of August 1954,[49] while Neponsit Beach Hospital was closed on April 21, 1955 due to a declining need for tuberculosis treatment.[50] In January 1959, the hospital boards of Queens General and Triboro Hospital were combined to improve efficiency, completing the merger of the hospitals.[21][51][48][52]

By the 1970s, the Triboro Hospital transitioned into a normal hospital within the Queens Hospital complex.[53][54] At this time, Queens Hospital Center was considered antiquated, with over 90 percent of the hospital beds below state health standards, along with overcrowding of hospital wards and shortages of equipment.[55][56] The large and open hospital wards with dozens of beds that Queens General and Triboro Hospital were built with were now in violation of modern health codes.[57] An entire corridor of Triboro Hospital had been flooded in 1971 due to a broken faucet.[55] The city sought to relocate Queens Hospital Center farther south in Jamaica or South Jamaica.[53][55] Meanwhile, it was proposed to sell or close Triboro Hospital.[58] Queens Hospital was not relocated, due to community opposition and the city's fiscal crisis at that time.[59][60][61]

In 1994, the Triboro building received a $10 million renovation to convert its third floor into a psychiatric unit.[4] On October 8, 1998, ground broke on the new main building of Queens Hospital Center, replacing the 1930s-era Queens General main building.[62] At this time, four buildings on the campus that were potential historic landmarks were demolished,[7][62][63] but the Triboro Hospital building was preserved by a binding covenant.[7] In 1999, a drug rehabilitation program for senior citizens called "It's Never Too Late" was opened in the Triboro building.[64] The new QHC building opened in 2001.[21][65][66]

Proposals for redevelopment

During the construction of the new Queens Hospital, the city sought to sell or redevelop the sites of several now-obsolete buildings, including Triboro Hospital.[67][68] In 2003, Margaret Tietz Nursing and Rehabilitation Center sought to lease T building.[4][69] They planned to create a retirement community within the T Building called "Skyline Commons".[2][4] The project was originally envisioned by the company in 1999.[70] The development would consist of 143 independent living units, 19 units for "enriched housing" (integrated housing for multiple people[71]), and a nursing home.[72] In addition, there would be several recreation rooms, a library, auditorium, restaurant, community center, and a dialysis center.[2][73] It was promoted as provided apartment-style living, with hotel immeneities, and nursing home-style care.[70][74][75] The project was approved by New York State Department of Health in August 2007.[72][76] Skyline Commons was cancelled, however, in January 2009, due to the 2007–2008 economic crisis.[4][70][73] Under the plans, 70% of the apartments had to be sold in order to begin construction; only 50 units had been sold by September 2008.[70]

By 2012, the T Building continued to deteriorate, leading Queens Hospital to relocate many services out of the site. $2 million a year was spent on maintenance and utilities for the building. Renovations to bring the building up to proper conditions were estimated to cost $50 million. This would include the removal of asbestos in the building.[4][18] At this time, QHC sought to lease the building to Comunilife, Inc. in order to create a 251-unit affordable supportive housing complex, which would serve military veterans, people with physical or developmental disabilities, and people with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Patients from QHC and Elmhurst Hospital Center would receive preference in applying for housing in the complex.[18][77][78] The plan was opposed by the local community due to fears of increasing crime and disturbances.[77][78] In January 2014, Queens Community Board 8 (representing Hillcrest) voted to demolish the former Triboro Hospital, in part due to its condition and maintenance costs, but also to prevent the housing plan from moving forward. The decision received opposition from historical preservationists, including 11 architectural conservation groups.[3][79]

Around 2015, the Dunn Development Corporation of Brooklyn proposed another plan for supportive housing within the T Building. The plan would create 205 units of low-to-middle income housing, 75 of which would be supportive housing for patients of Queens Hospital. In 2015, the company signed a 99-year lease with the city. Like the earlier proposal, this plan also was met with community opposition.[80][81][82]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Queens Art Deco Registry & Map". Art Deco Society of New York.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "C 040357 ZSQ - Queens Hospital/Skyline Commons" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. September 22, 2004. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Salinger, Tobias (February 4, 2014). "Preservationists fight to save historic T Building". New York Daily News. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Capital Committee Meeting Agenda" (PDF). NYC Health + Hospitals. February 14, 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "A New $3,000,000 Hospital!" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 11, 1938. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "New Triboro Hospital In Jamaica Opens". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. January 2, 1941. p. 2. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Bockmann, Rich (January 30, 2014). "Group vies to save hospital's T Building". TimesLedger. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Bids Are Received to Build Hospital – Works Department Announces Estimates on Four Contracts for Triboro Institution Construction Bid of $1,618,000 To Accommodate 530". The New York Times. January 27, 1939. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "$3,000,000 Hospital Planned in Queens – Nine-Story City Institution for Tuberculosis Treatment to Accommodate 530 Patients – Much Glass to be Used – Halls of Upper Floors to Be Transparent – Goldwater Explains New Therapy". The New York Times. February 15, 1938. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "LaGuardia Breaks Ground For Tuberculosis Hospital". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 4, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  11. ↑ "Officials to Dedicate Triboro Hospital Today". Long Island Star Journal. Fultonhistory.com. January 28, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  12. ↑ "Triboro Hospital to be Opened for Patients on Jan. 1". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. September 30, 1940. p. 9. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  13. 1 2 "Mayor Breaks Ground Today For Hospital: Tuberculosis" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 3, 1938. p. 3. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  14. ↑ "Otis Will Install Hospital Elevators". The Herald Statesman. Fultonhistory.com. April 13, 1939. p. 6. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "Real Estate Notes". The New York Times. April 14, 1939. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  16. ↑ Wendelken, Joseph (November 23, 2006). "Queens Hospital Center Unveils $53M Addition". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  17. ↑ Davis, Pete (January 11, 2007). "The Pavilion Opens At Queens Hospital Center". Queens Courier. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  18. 1 2 3 "Capital Committee Meeting Agenda" (PDF). NYC Health + Hospitals. September 13, 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  19. 1 2 "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Jamaica" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
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  22. 1 2 "Contagious Disease Hospital Dedicated". Brooklyn Standard Union. Fultonhistory.com. June 29, 1916. p. 5. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Queensboro Hospital Opened". Richmond Hill Record. Fultonhistory.com. June 30, 1916. p. 4. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  24. ↑ George Frederick Shrady; Thomas Lathrop Stedman (1916). Medical Record: (New York : 1866). W. Wood. p. 71. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  25. ↑ Costello, Frank J. (October 31, 1935). "New Hospital For Queens Is Dedicated: LaGuardia Officiates-3,000 Cheer Success After Nine-Year Fight". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Newspapers.com. p. 8. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Queens General Hospital Will Be Dedicated October 30". North Shore Daily Journal. Fultonhistory.com. October 25, 1935. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  27. ↑ "City to Merge Hospitals – Queens General Will Absorb the Old Queensboro March 1". The New York Times. February 18, 1936. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  28. ↑ "Hospital Merger Effective Sunday". Richmond Hill Record. Fultonhistory.com. April 1936. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  29. ↑ Knowles, Clayton (November 1, 1936). "Queens General Hospital Reviews First Year". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. p. 6. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  30. ↑ "Crowded Hospital". North Shore Daily Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 21, 1936. p. 4. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  31. ↑ "Tuberculosis Hospital Seen as Vital Need". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 26, 1936. p. 2. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  32. ↑ "Draws Plans For Borough T.B. Hospital". North Shore Daily Journal. Fultonhistory.com. May 3, 1937. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  33. ↑ "LaGuardia Breaks Ground For Tuberculosis Hospital" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 4, 1938. p. 2. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  34. ↑ "City to Start Work on 3 Big Buildings – Ground-Breaking Ceremonies Tomorrow for PWA Projects Costing $28,579,404 – Mayor to Attend All 3 – Structures Are for Criminal Courts and Prison, Hunter and Triborough Hospital Hunter Ceremony Next The New Courts Building Nassau Buildings to be Started". The New York Times. August 2, 1938. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  35. ↑ "Triboro Hospital Digging Starts; Way Cleared For $3,000,000 Job". Long Island Daily Star. Fultonhistory.com. September 30, 1938. p. 4. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  36. ↑ "Mayor to Lay Stone for New City Hospital: Exercises at Queens Institution Will Be Held Tomorrow". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. September 27, 1939. p. 4. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  37. 1 2 "Mayor Sounds Warcry on Disease Here: 'Past Mistakes' Made New Queens Hospital Possible, He Asserts". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. September 29, 1939. p. 4. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  38. 1 2 3 "Cornerstone Laid at New Hospital – A New Center in the Drive to Wipe Out Tuberculosis". The New York Times. September 29, 1939. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  39. 1 2 3 "New Hospital is Dedicated by LaGuardia: Mayor Tells 500 at Exercises Tuberculosis Is Almost Conqured". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. January 29, 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  40. ↑ "New Hospital Unit Opens – $3,500,000 Triboro Tuberculosis Institution Is in Jamaica". The New York Times. January 2, 1941. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  41. ↑ "City Speeds Erection of New Hospital". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 6, 1938. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  42. ↑ "Jan. 28 Set for Hospital Dedication". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. January 20, 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  43. ↑ "New Hospital Opens Today". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. January 2, 1941. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  44. 1 2 "Mayor Dedicates $3,923,404 Hospital – Declares at Queens Exercises That Tuberculosis Could Be Ended in 25 Years". The New York Times. January 29, 1941. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  45. ↑ "Hospital Begins Serving TB Cases". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 14, 1950. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  46. ↑ "First Patients Arrive at Neponsit". Wave of Long Island. Fultonhistory.com. July 20, 1950. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  47. ↑ "Fineberg Heads Hospital Center". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. June 19, 1952. p. 19. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  48. 1 2 "Group to Be Installed at Dinner: Board to Coordinate Hospital Center Work". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. January 7, 1959. p. 5. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  49. ↑ "Queens Clinic to Close – General Hospital Will End Its College Point Dispensary". The New York Times. August 10, 1954. p. 21. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  50. ↑ "City Loses Appeal to Sell Land Around Old Neponsit Hospital". New York Times. July 10, 1956. p. 33. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Exciting Career: Served Hospital 21 Years". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. May 13, 1965. p. 7. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  52. ↑ "People, Places and Events in Queens". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. January 17, 1959. p. 16. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  53. 1 2 Andelman, David A. (November 17, 1974). "City Is Assembling a Full List of Possible Sites for New Queens Hospital Center". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  54. ↑ Andelman, David A. (November 10, 1974). "Jamaica Site Likely For a New Hospital". The New York Times. p. 119. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  55. 1 2 3 Sibley, John (December 23, 1071). "Tour of Hospitals Shifts to Queens". The New York Times. p. 49. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  56. ↑ "Bronx and Queens Hospitals: An Evaluation". New York. New York Media, LLC. June 11, 1973. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  57. ↑ Schumach, Murray (January 7, 1972). "Medical Complex Called 'Snake Pit". The New York Times. p. 26. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  58. ↑ Sibley, John (April 14, 1972). "City Is Considering Sale Or Closing of 5 Hospitals". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  59. ↑ Queens, Proposed Federal Building: Environmental Impact Statement. General Services Administration. 1981. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  60. ↑ Sullivan, Ronald (September 27, 1977). "Black Members of Advisory Board To Quit Jamaica Hospital in Protest". The New York Times. p. 32. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  61. ↑ Robert D. Parmet (2011). Town and Gown: The Fight for Social Justice, Urban Rebirth, and Higher Education. Lexington Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-61147-472-5. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  62. 1 2 "Mayor Giuliani Breaks Ground for a New Queens Hospital Center: A New Queens Hospital, A Renewed Corporation: HHC Builds A New Queens Hospital, And Ends With A Surplus For The Third Straight Fiscal Year". Office of the Mayor of New York City. October 8, 1998. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  63. ↑ Holloway, Lynette (August 20, 1997). "New Hospital With 200 Beds Will Replace Queens Center". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  64. ↑ Bashinsky, Rush (September 22, 2002). "Program Helping Seniors Battle Substance Abuse". New York Daily News. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  65. ↑ Scheinbart, Betsy (September 6, 2001). "New Queens Hospital set to open next month". TimesLedger. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  66. ↑ "New Queens Hospital Opens: DASNY Celebrates Project with Mayor, Borough President". Dormitory Authority of the State of New York. Jamaica, Queens. December 5, 2001. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  67. ↑ Bertrand, Donald (August 29, 2000). "Hosp Has Room to SPare City – Seeks Development Bids for 3 Sites Near New Facility". New York Daily News. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  68. ↑ Katz, Celeste (October 26, 2000). "Queens Hospital Land Plan Hit". New York Daily News. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  69. ↑ Lee, Tien-Shun (February 6, 2003). "Tietz nursing center plans unit for short-term rehab". TimesLedger. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  70. 1 2 3 4 Hampton, Matt (January 22, 2009). "Retirement community will not come to Queens". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  71. ↑ "Enriched Housing Programs". erie.gov.
  72. 1 2 "Health Department Approves Retirement Care Communities in Broome County and Queens". New York State Department of Health. August 10, 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  73. 1 2 Mimoni, Victor G. (February 12, 2009). "Tietz shelves Skyline Commons". Queens Courier. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  74. ↑ "Skyline Commons: Coming Soon To Queens!". Queens Courier. July 14, 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  75. ↑ Baker, Linda (April 1, 2007). "Retirement Homes Go High-Rise and Urban". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  76. ↑ Lyons, Jessica (August 30, 2007). "Skyline Commons approved by Department of Health". Queens Courier. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  77. 1 2 Orovic, Joseph (January 10, 2013). "'T-Building' housing raises safety concerns: Queens Hospital Center plan to bring vets, sick leads to questions". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  78. 1 2 Chan, Melissa (December 20, 2012). "Community concerned over Queens Hospital Center proposal". Queens Courier. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  79. ↑ Chan, Melissa (February 13, 2014). "Exclusive: Officials tweak contentious T Building plan". Queens Courier. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  80. ↑ Kern-Jedrychowska, Ewa (December 1, 2016). "Historic Hospital Building Eyed for Affordable Housing in Jamaica Hills". DNAinfo.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  81. ↑ Ratter, Domenick (September 8, 2016). "Plan to convert Queens Hospital's 'T Building' into supportive housing gets mixed reaction". QNS.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  82. ↑ Jankiewicz, Eric (January 15, 2015). "New T-Building housing plan revealed, includes units for homeless patients". Queens Courier. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
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