Track gauge in Italy

Track gauge
By transport mode
Tram · Rapid transit Miniature · Scale model
By size (list)
Minimum   Fifteen inch 381 mm (15 in) Narrow   600 mm, Two foot 597 mm 600 mm 603 mm 610 mm (1 ft ​11 1⁄2 in) (1 ft ​11 5⁄8 in) (1 ft ​11 3⁄4 in) (2 ft)   750 mm, Bosnian, Two foot six inch, 800 mm 750 mm 760 mm 762 mm 800 mm (2 ft ​5 1⁄2 in) (2 ft ​5 15⁄16 in) (2 ft 6 in) (2 ft ​7 1⁄2 in)   Swedish three foot, 900 mm, Three foot 891 mm 900 mm 914 mm (2 ft​11 3⁄32 in) (2 ft ​11 7⁄16 in) (3 ft)   Metre 1,000 mm (3 ft ​3 3⁄8 in)   Three foot six inch 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)   Four foot six inch 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in)   Standard 1,435 mm (4 ft ​8 1⁄2 in) Broad   1520 mm, Five foot 1,520 mm 1,524 mm (4 ft ​11 27⁄32 in) (5 ft)   Five foot three inch 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)   Iberian 1,668 mm (5 ft ​5 21⁄32 in)   Five foot six inch 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)   Six foot 1,829 mm (6 ft)   Brunel 2,140 mm (7 ft ​1⁄4 in)
Change of gauge
Break-of-gauge · Dual gauge · Conversion (list) · Bogie exchange · Variable gauge
By location
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Historically, Italy had two unusual dominant track gauges which were legally defined depending on the terrain encountered. The gauge of 1,445 mm (4 ft 8 ⁷⁄₈ in) was used for the national Italian rail network and was very similar to the popular 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in) standard gauge.

Since the 1930s, the 1,435 mm gauge was adopted and gradually replaced the 1,445 mm track gauge. A few isolated 1,445 mm gauge networks survive to this day.

The other popular gauge, a narrow gauge, was defined at 950 mm (3 ft 1 ³⁄₈ in) and is very similar to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in) commonly used in scenes in Europe or metre gauge and was thus called "Italian metre gauge".

Historical legal definitions of 1879

The Milan tramway network, the largest in Italy, runs on Italian broad gauge.

Italian law defined its track gauges from the centres of each rail,^[1] rather than the inside edges of the rails, giving some unusual measurements. According to the law of 28 July 1879, the only legal gauges in Italy were 1,500 mm (4 ft 11 ¹⁄₁₆ in), 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in) and measured to the middle of the rail, which corresponds to 1,445 mm (4 ft 8 ⁷⁄₈ in) and 950 mm (3 ft 1 ³⁄₈ in) inside the rail.

The middle size has 1,000 mm between the centres of the rails, which explains why it is called Italian metre gauge, in spite of it in fact being 950 mm in gauge when measured from the inside of the rails in the way gauges usually are measured in other countries.

A disadvantage of measuring from the centre of the rail is that the width of the rail varies, affecting the gauge. It is easier and more reliable to measure from the inner edges of the rails.

1,445 mm (4 ft 8 ⁷⁄₈ in) gauge railways

The following 1,445 mm (4 ft 8 ⁷⁄₈ in) systems survive today:

• Orvieto Funicular
• Milan tram network
• Turin tram network
• Rome tram network

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in) or standard gauge railways

The Italian standard gauge railway system has a total length^[2] of 24,227 km (15,054 mi) of which active lines are 16,723 km.^[3] The network is recently growing with the construction of the new high-speed rail network.

Italian narrow gauge railways

In Italy, track gauges of 1,100 mm (3 ft 7 ⁵⁄₁₆ in), 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in), 950 mm (3 ft 1 ³⁄₈ in), 850 mm (2 ft 9 ¹⁵⁄₃₂ in), 760 mm (2 ft 5 ¹⁵⁄₁₆ in) and 600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in) are or were present.

The forementioned 950 mm "Italian metre gauge" was also used in the former Italian colonies Eritrea (Eritrean Railway), Libya (Italian Libya Railways) and Somalia (Mogadishu-Villabruzzi Railway).

See also

• Narrow gauge railways in Italy
• List of track gauges

References