Timeline of scientific discoveries

The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer. In many cases, the discoveries spanned several years.

4th century BC

  • 4th century BC - Mandragora (containing atropin) was described by Theophrastus in the fourth century B.C. for treatment of wounds, gout, and sleeplessness, and as a love potion. By the first century A.D. Dioscorides recognized wine of mandrake as an anaesthetic for treatment of pain or sleeplessness, to be given prior to surgery or cautery.[1]

3rd century BC

  • 323–283 BC – Euclid: wrote a series of 13 books on geometry called The Elements
  • 287-212 BC - Archimedes of Syracuse: derived an accurate approximation of pi, defined and investigating the spiral bearing his name, and creating a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers.
  • 280 BC - Aristarchus of Samos: used a heliocentric, heliostatic model


2nd century BC

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

  • 200s Galen: produced big contributions to medicine.

9th century

10th century

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

  • 2001 – The first draft of the Human Genome Project is published.
  • 2003 – Grigori Perelman presents proof of the Poincaré Conjecture.
  • 2004 – Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolated graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms, and studied its quantum electrical properties.
  • 2005 – Grid cells in the brain are discovered by Edvard Moser and May-Britt Moser.
  • 2010 – The first Self-Replicating, Synthetic Bacterial Cells are Constructed.[7]
  • 2010 - The Neanderthal Genome Project presented preliminary genetic evidence that interbreeding did likely take place and that a small but significant portion of Neanderthal admixture is present in modern non-African populations.
  • 2012 - Higgs boson is discovered at CERN (confirmed to 99.999% certainty)
  • 2012 - Photonic molecules are discovered at MIT
  • 2014 - Exotic hadrons are discovered at the LHCb
  • 2015 - Traces of liquid water discovered on Mars[8]
  • 2016 - The LIGO team detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger.
  • 2017 - Gravitational wave signal GW170817 was observed by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration. This was the first instance of a gravitational wave event that was observed to have a simultaneous electromagnetic signal when space telescopes like Hubble observed lights coming from the event, thereby marking a significant breakthrough for multi-messenger astronomy.[9][10][11]

References

  1. ↑ Robert S. Holzman, MD (July 1998). "The Legacy of Atropos". Anesthesiology. 89 (1): 241–249. doi:10.1097/00000542-199807000-00030. PMID 9667313. citing J. Arena, Poisoning: Toxicology-Symptoms-Treatments, 3rd edition. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1974, p 345
  2. ↑ Page 26, (2nd chapter) in: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.) Galileo Goes to Jail, and Other Myths about Science and Religion (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009). Note: the first tree chapters of the book can be found here "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011. .
  3. ↑ "Kirschner, Stefan, "Nicole Oresme", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)". Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
  4. ↑ L.M. Smith (1 October 2008). "Luca Pacioli: The Father of Accounting". Acct.tamu.edu. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  5. ↑ "John Napier and logarithms". Ualr.edu. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
  6. ↑ "The Roslin Institute (University of Edinburgh) - Public Interest: Dolly the Sheep". www.roslin.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  7. ↑ "JCVI: First Self-Replicating, Synthetic Bacterial Cell Constructed by J. Craig Venter Institute Researchers". jcvi.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  8. ↑ Anderson, Gina (28 September 2015). "NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars". NASA. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  9. ↑ Landau, Elizabeth; Chou, Felicia; Washington, Dewayne; Porter, Molly (16 October 2017). "NASA Missions Catch First Light from a Gravitational-Wave Event". NASA. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  10. ↑ "Neutron star discovery marks breakthrough for 'multi-messenger astronomy'". csmonitor.com. 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  11. ↑ "Hubble makes milestone observation of gravitational-wave source". slashgear.com. 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
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