Timeline of Singaporean history

This is a timeline of Singaporean history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Singapore and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Singapore. See also the list of years in Singapore.

11th to 12th century

YearDateEvent
1025The region was invaded and occupied by Rajendra Chola of the Chola empire in India, although there has been no record of them visiting the island itself.[1][2]

13th century

YearDateEvent
1299The Kingdom of Singapura is founded by Sang Nila Utama, a prince of Srivijaya. The kingdom existed till 1398.

14th century

YearDateEvent
1320The Mongol court sends a mission to obtain elephants from Long Ya Men (or Dragon's Tooth Strait), believed to be Keppel Harbour.
1330The Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan visits Temasek.
1398Parameswara, the last Srivijayan prince, flees from Temasek.

15th century

YearDateEvent
1414Temasek becomes part of the Sultanate of Malacca established by Parameswara.

16th century

YearDateEvent
151115 AugustMalacca fell and was sacked by Afonso de Albuquerque of Portuguese Empire. See Portuguese Malacca.

17th century

YearDateEvent
164114 JanuaryFall of Portuguese Malacca to Dutch.
Portuguese burn down the trading outpost at the mouth of Singapore River.

19th century

YearDateEvent
181929 JanuarySir Stamford Raffles arrives in Singapore with William Farquhar to establish a trading post for the British East India Company.
6 FebruaryThe treaty is signed between Sultan Hussein of Johor, Temenggong Abdul Rahman and Sir Stamford Raffles.
William Farquhar is installed as the first Resident of the settlement.
1821Singapore General Hospital was established.
1822Raffles drafts the Raffles Plan of Singapore to reorganise the island.
182327 MayDr John Crawfurd takes over as second Resident of Singapore.
5 JuneRaffles Institution is founded by Sir Stamford Raffles.
182417 MarchThe Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed between Sultan Hussein of Johor, Temenggong Abdul Rahman and Sir Stamford Raffles.[3]
2 AugustSingapore becomes a British colony.
1826Singapore becomes part of the British colony of Straits Settlements under the rule of the East India Company, together with Malacca and Penang.[4]
27 NovemberRobert Fullerton was installed as the first Governor of the Straits Settlements.[5]
1830Singapore comes under the Presidency of Bengal in India.[4]
12 NovemberRobert Ibbetson was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1832Singapore becomes the centre of government of the Straits Settlements.[6]
18337 DecemberKenneth Murchison was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
183618 NovemberSir Samuel George Bonham was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1842St. Margaret's Girls School was founded by Maria Tarn Dyer, the first and oldest all-girls school in Singapore
1843Thomas Dunman, the first full-time police chief of Singapore, improves the police force as well as the pay and working hours of policemen.
JanuarySingapore became ruled directly from the British East India Company.
AugustWilliam John Butterworth was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
18444 MarchRaffles Girls' School was established at Bras Basah Road.[7]
25 JulyThe Tan Tock Seng Hospital begins operation.
184515 JulyThe Straits Times was established as The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce.
1852A new deep harbour called New Harbour, later known as Keppel Harbour, is built.
22 JulySt Joseph's Institution [as St John's Institution] was established at Bras Basah Road.[8]
1854Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus (CHIJ) was established.
185521 MarchEdmund Augustus Blundell was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1858Singapore is placed under the hierarchy of the Government of India (Calcutta), remaining as part of the Straits Settlements.
8 MarchCommercial Square is renamed Raffles Place.
18596 AugustMajor General Sir Orfeur Cavenagh was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
The Singapore Botanic Gardens was founded.
18628 SeptemberSaint Andrews School was founded at Chin Chew Street.[9]
186716 MarchMajor General Sir Harry St. George Ord was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1 AprilStraits Settlements become a crown colony of British Empire.[4]
The Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements was formed.
186917 NovemberThe Suez Canal opens, and Singapore enjoys the increase in trade.
18734 NovemberSir Andrew Clarke was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
18758 MaySir William Jervois was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1876Victoria School was established at in Kampong Glam.
18773 AprilMajor General Edward Archibald Harbord Anson was appointed as the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements.
AugustSir William Cleaver Francis Robinson was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
The Chinese Protectorate is set up, and William Pickering was the first Protector appointed.
187910 FebruaryMajor General Edward Archibald Harbord Anson was appointed as the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements.
188016 MaySir Frederick Weld was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1885Gan Eng Seng School was established at Telok Ayer Street.
18861 MarchAnglo-Chinese School was established at Amoy Street.
188725 JulyMethodist Girls' School was established at Short Street.
17 OctoberSir Cecil Clementi Smith was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1 DecemberThe Raffles Hotel was established.
1888Henry Ridley becomes the first scientific director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.
The Singapore Fire Brigade was formed.
1892The Tanjong Pagar Police Station opens, and many Sikh policemen were recruited.
Holy Innocents' High School was established.
189330 AugustWilliam Edward Maxwell was appointed as the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements.
18941 FebruarySir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell was appointed as the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
18991 JulySingapore Chinese Girls' School was established at 52 Hill Street.[10]
7 DecemberSir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell passed away while in the office as Governor of the Straits Settlements.
James Alexander Swettenham was appointed as the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements.

20th century

YearDateEvent
19051 JuneSingapore change its time zone to GMT+07:00 from the original GMT+6hr 55m 25s.
1906The Nanyang branch of Tongmenghui was set up in Singapore.
19131 JulyThe Singapore Harbour board was set up.
191515 – 25 FebruaryThe Singapore Mutiny occurred as British Muslim Indian sepoys rose up against the British.
1917Nanyang Girls' High School was established by Tan Chor Nam and Teo Eng Hock, partially due to Dr Sun Yat Sen's belief in education for girls, in Dhoby Ghaut.[11]
14 JuneNan Hua High School by Mr Xiong Shangfu, its campus in Coleman Street, and it was once a base for the Japanese soldiers during the Japanese occupation.
191921 MarchThe Chinese High School established by Tan Kah Kee in Niven Road.
1923Singapore starts constructing the main British naval base in East Asia.
1929Singapore Police Academy was established at Mount Pleasant Road.
193215 JanuaryTanjong Pagar Railway Station commenced operation.
Jalan Besar Stadium open to the public.
19331 JanuarySingapore change its time zone to GMT+07:20.
16 JanuaryCHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School, Singapore's only bilingual and bicultural IJ school, was founded.
1935Catholic High School was established.
193712 JuneKallang Airport was opened.
1938Alexandra Hospital was established.
Singapore completes the main British naval base, which is the largest drydock and third largest floating dock in the world.
1939Chung Cheng High School (Main) was established in Kim Yam Road.
19411 SeptemberSingapore change its time zone to GMT+07:30.
7 – 8 DecemberIn an extensive three-pronged attack, Japan opens hostilities with the countries that opposed the Axis powers and their colonies. First air raid on Singapore at 4:15 am. The Imperial Japanese Army invades Malaya.
10 DecemberThe British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse are sunk by Japanese bombers.
16 DecemberSecond air raid on Singapore, at night. Only RAF Tengah is attacked.
25 DecemberA lone Japanese aircraft drops propaganda pamphlets on Singapore Island.
29 DecemberSecond Japanese air raid on Singapore City (and third on the island), at night. Nightly raids commence.
30 DecemberThe Overseas Chinese Mobilization Council is set up in Singapore, led by Tan Kah Kee.
194212 JanuaryFirst major daylight air raid on Singapore. Henceforth, the island is bombed everyday up to the British surrender (with the exception of 19 January).
31 JanuaryMalaya falls to the Japanese and the Causeway is blown up to delay Japan's advancement to Singapore.
1 FebruaryThe siege of Singapore begins. The Japanese in Johor Bahru begin shelling the island daily in addition to daily aerial bombing.
8 FebruaryThe Japanese cross the Strait of Johor by inflatable boats and land in Singapore during the Battle of Singapore.
11 FebruaryThe Japanese and Allied soldiers fight fiercely at Bukit Timah.
13 FebruaryThe Malay regiment, led by Lt. Adnan bin Saidi, fight bravely against the Japanese at Pasir Panjang Ridge in the Battle of Pasir Panjang.
14 FebruaryThe Japanese have captured most of Singapore, and most of the population is crammed into the city centre.
15 FebruaryThe British surrenders and the Japanese Occupation of Singapore starts. Singapore is renamed Syonan-to (Light of the South Island).
Singapore change its time zone to GMT+09:00 to be the same as Japan.
18 February – 4 MarchThe Japanese military police, the Kempei Tai kills an estimated 25,000 to 50,000 people during Sook Ching Massacre.
194327 SeptemberOperation Jaywick occurred. Seven Japanese ships are bombed at Clifford Pier.
10 OctoberThe Japanese initiate the Double Tenth Incident in response to Operation Jaywick, by launching a fierce crackdown on anti-Japanese elements and Allied prisoners-of-war in Singapore.
194427 MarchLim Bo Seng is captured by the Japanese, and dies after 3 months of torture.
194514 AugustJapan surrenders, and there is anomie and looting for nearly a month when the British do not return immediately.
5 SeptemberThe British return to Singapore after the end of World War II and begin a military administration of the Straits Settlements.
12 SeptemberSingapore revert its time zone back to the pre-war time of GMT+07:30.
19461 AprilThe Straits Settlements is dissolved and Singapore becomes a separate crown colony.
The Legislative Council of the Colony of Singapore was formed.
1947A large number of strikes occur causing stoppages in public transport, public services and the harbour.
MaySevere food shortage leads to record-low rice ration, causing malnutrition, disease and outbreak of crime and violence.
1948Rubber plantations and tin mines in Malaya are destroyed by communists, and the British declares the state of Emergency over Singapore and Malaya.
20 MarchSingapore's first "limited elections" held (representation with no specific areas of responsibility); 6 seats in Legislative Council, with Singapore Progressive Party winning 3 seats.
18 JuneMalayan Emergency begins, Singapore declared a State of Emergency a week later.
1949The University of Malaya is formed following the merger of Raffles College and King Edward Medical College.
195011 – 13 December18 people are killed during the Maria Hertogh riots.
195110 AprilThe number of elected seats is increased to 9 in the second election.
1953Rendel Commission is appointed to make recommendations for Singapore's self-government.
195413 MayChinese school students demonstrate against the British due to the National Service proposal. See Anti-National Service Riots
19552 AprilSecond general elections (limited self-government) held. The Labour Front wins the most seats and David Saul Marshall became the first Chief Minister of Singapore.
12 MayFour people are killed during the Hock Lee bus riots.
20 AugustKallang Airport ceased operation. Paya Lebar Airport started operation.
1956JuneDavid Saul Marshall appeals to the United Kingdom for full self-government, but resigns when he fails. Lim Yew Hock takes over as Chief Minister.
OctoberRiots by pro-communist Chinese school students occur when government closes down a student union.
14 OctoberDunman High School (formally known as Singapore Government Chinese Middle School), became the first Chinese secondary school established by the government.
1957Cedar Girls' Secondary School was founded.
1959MarchLim Yew Hock successfully gains full self-government for Singapore.
30 May3rd general elections (limited self-government) held. People's Action Party wins 43 of 51 seats and Lee Kuan Yew became the first Prime Minister.
3 JuneA celebration is held at the Padang for Singapore gaining full self-government.
3 DecemberThe national anthem Majulah Singapura, written by Zubir Said, is presented.
Encik Yusof bin Ishak becomes the Head of State of Singapore.
19601 FebruaryThe Housing and Development Board is set up.
8 SeptemberTan Howe Liang became Singapore's first Olympic medalist. He finished second among 35 competitors in the lightweight category in weightlifting at the 1960 games held in Rome, Italy.[12]
196125 MayThe Bukit Ho Swee Fire kills four people and destroys 2,200 attap houses.[13]
27 MayTunku Abdul Rahman, the Prime Minister of Malaya, proposes a merger between Singapore, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak.
19621 SeptemberA referendum is held in Singapore to vote on merger with Malaysia.
19632 FebruaryDuring Operation Coldstore, 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists are arrested by Internal Security Department
9 JulyThe Malaysia Agreement is signed between leaders of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak.
31 AugustIn this Malaysia Solidarity Day, Lee Kuan Yew declares de facto Independence for Singapore.
16 SeptemberMalaysia is formed. Indonesia carries out its konfrontasi campaign.
21 SeptemberThe PAP wins the 1963 State Elections, defeating the Barisan Sosialis and UMNO.
196425 AprilThe PAP wins one seat in the Malaysian Federal Election. UMNO is outraged.
21 JulyThere is an ethnic riot between various Malays and Chinese, on Prophet Muhammad's birthday, 23 people are killed.
196510 MarchIndonesian saboteurs carry out the MacDonald House bombing, killing three people.
MayLee Kuan Yew begins campaigning for a Malaysian Malaysia
7 AugustSingapore and Malaysia sign the separation agreement.
9 AugustThe Malaysian Parliament votes to expel Singapore from the Federation; Singapore becomes independent after separating from Malaysia.
21 SeptemberSingapore is admitted into the United Nations as the 117th member.[14]
15 OctoberSingapore becomes the 23rd member of the Commonwealth.[15]
22 DecemberConstitutional Amendment Act is passed and Encik Yusof bin Ishak becomes the first President of Singapore.
19663 AugustSingapore became the 104th member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.[16]
24 AugustThe first daily recitation of the pledge of allegiance before the national flag was taken by 500,000 students at all 529 government and aided schools.[17]
1967The Civilian Memorial is unveiled at the Kranji War Cemetery
14 MarchThe National Service bill is passed in the parliament.[18]
28 March – 18 AprilRegistrations for national service begins at the Central Manpower Base.[18]
12 JuneThe issue of the first Singapore Dollar.[19]
8 AugustSingapore joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as one of the founding members.[20]
17 AugustThe first batch of the army is drafted for national service.[18]
1968JanuaryBritain announces its intention to withdraw its armed forces from Singapore.
19 AprilThe PAP wins all seats in the 1968 General Election, which is boycotted by Barisan Sosialis.
National Archives was established.
196920 JanuaryThe National Junior College, Singapore's first junior college was established.
31 MayThe 1969 Race Riots of Singapore broke out after growing tension of the 13 May Incident in Malaysia spilled over to Singapore.
197023 NovemberEncik Yusof bin Ishak, first President of Singapore passed away while in office.
19712 JanuaryDr Benjamin Henry Sheares becomes the second President of Singapore.
31 OctoberThe last British military forces withdraws from Singapore.
19722 SeptemberThe PAP wins the 1972 General Election.
1 OctoberThe Singapore Airlines is formed.
19734 FebruaryThe first Chingay Parade is held in Singapore.
14 JulyThe Presidential Council for Minority Rights is set up to ensure minority would not be discriminated.
21 JulyThe construction of the National Stadium is completed and open in Kallang.
The construction of Jurong Town Hall is completed.
197415 JanuaryHwa Chong Junior College, Singapore's first government-aided junior college was established.
31 JanuaryLaju incident: Japanese Red Army bombs petroleum tanks at Pulau Bukom and hijacks a ferry boat.
197623 DecemberThe PAP wins all 69 seats in the 1976 General Election.
197812 OctoberSpyros disaster, was a major industrial disaster which claimed 76 lives.
1979Singapore becomes the world's second busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage.
198023 DecemberThe PAP wins all 75 seats in the 1980 General Election.
198112 MayDr Benjamin Henry Sheares (second President of Singapore) passed away while in office.
1 JulyPaya Lebar Airport ceased operation and Singapore Changi Airport starts operation.
23 OctoberC V Devan Nair becomes the third President of Singapore.
31 OctoberWorkers' Party of Singapore's Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam elected into Parliament, breaking a 16 years PAP monopoly of the House.
19821 JanuarySingapore change its time zone to UTC+08:00.
The Courtesy Campaign and the Civil Defence Programme are launched.
198329 January(Singapore Cable Car disaster) Eniwetok, a Panamanian-registered oil rig, hits the Singapore Cable Car system, sending two cabins plunging into the sea and killing seven people.
198422 AugustNon-Constituency Member of Parliament was introduced.
22 DecemberThe PAP wins the 1984 General Election while two members of the opposition parties are elected as members of parliament. Three PAP women MPs are also elected, ending a 16 years absence of women representation in Parliament.
198528 MarchC V Devan Nair stepped down as the third President of Singapore.
2 SeptemberWee Kim Wee becomes the fourth President of Singapore.
Singapore went into its first ever recession which was induced by government policies.
198615 MarchHotel New World collapses, killing 100 people (injuries fatal victim 67 people and death 33 people).
198721 May16 people were arrested during Operation Spectrum and detained under the Internal Security Act. Another six were arrested on 20 June.
19883 SeptemberThe PAP wins the 1988 General Election and group representation constituencies (GRC)s are introduced.
19906 JulyThe East West Line of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is completed.
22 NovemberSingapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 begins operation.
28 NovemberGoh Chok Tong becomes the second Prime Minister of Singapore.
199126 MarchFour Pakistanis hijack Singapore Airlines Flight 117 and demand the release of Pakistan Peoples Party members from Pakistani jails.
27 MarchMembers of the Singapore Special Operations Force storm into Singapore Airlines Flight 117, killing all hijackers and freeing all passengers and crew members.
31 AugustGeneral elections are held. The result is a victory for the PAP, which wins 77 out of 81 seats.
1993AugustNational Archives of Singapore was formed.
1 SeptemberOng Teng Cheong becomes the first elected President and fifth President of Singapore.
19945 MayAmerican teenager Michael P. Fay is convicted and caned for vandalism.
1996The parliament passes the Maintenance of Parents law, a private member's bill introduced by Nominated Member of Parliament Woon Cheong Ming Walter.
19972 JanuaryPAP led by Goh Chok Tong wins a total of 81 out of 83 seats in the 1997 general election.
19 DecemberSilkair Flight 185 crashes into Musi River near Palembang, Sumatra, killing all 104 people on board.
199815 JanuarySingapore and United States announces agreement for US ships to use a planned $35 million naval base from 2000.
September"The Singapore Story", the first volume of Lee Kuan Yew's memoirs is published. (The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. ISBN 978-0130208033. )
19991 SeptemberS.R. Nathan becomes the sixth President of Singapore.
Singapore slips into recession during the Asian financial crisis.
20001 SeptemberSpeaker's Corner is launched at Hong Lim Park.
31 OctoberSingapore Airlines Flight 006 crashes during take-off in Chiang Kai Shek International Airport, killing 83 people.
"From Third World to First, The Singapore Story 1965-2000" the second volume of Lee Kuan Yew is published. (From Third World to First, The Singapore Story 1965-2000. ISBN 978-9812049841. )

21st century

YearDateEvent
2001Economic recession in Singapore. (to 2003)
JanuaryA pipeline feeding gas to Singapore from Indonesia's Natuna field in South China Sea opens.
3 NovemberThe PAP wins 82 of 84 seats in the 2001 General Election.
9 December15 suspected militants of Jemaah Islamiah are arrested for alleged bomb plot.
27 DecemberTropical Storm Vamei, a rare tropic storm that occurs only once in 100 to 400 years, hits Singapore.
200213 JanuarySingapore and Japan sign the Japan-Singapore Economic Agreement.
2003AprilSARS virus outbreak in Singapore and other parts of Asia.
6 MaySingapore and United States sign the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (USS-FTA).
29 OctoberA major research center Biopolis opens.
200420 AprilA section of Nicoll Highway collapses, killing 4 people.
12 AugustLee Hsien Loong, Lee Kuan Yew's son becomes the third Prime Minister.
DecemberNational Service was reduced from two and half years to two years.
200515 JanuarySingapore and Malaysia settle dispute over land reclamation work.
18 AprilThe government approves the plan to legalise casino-gambling and build two Integrated Resorts.
8 JulyIn the aftermath of 7 July 2005 – London bombings, Transport Minister Yeo Cheow Tong announces plan to set up a new Police MRT Unit to enhance the security of Singapore's public transport. (CNA)
17 AugustS R Nathan returns for his second term as President, following a walkover in the Singapore presidential election, 2005.
27 AugustWhite Elephant Incident at Buangkok MRT Station.
31 DecemberSingapore Police Academy ceased operational. Home Team Academy replaces the Police Academy and went operational on the following day at Old Choa Chu Kang Road.
20066 MayThe PAP, led by Lee Hsien Loong, wins 82 of 84 seats in the General Election.
26 MarchSingapore Changi Airport opens the Budget Terminal.
200720 MayThe Marina Bay Floating Platform was opened.
30 JuneThe Former National Stadium was closed for re-construction.
20089 JanuarySingapore Changi Airport opens its third passenger terminal.
21 FebruaryThe International Olympic Committee (IOC) awards the Youth Olympic Games hosting rights to Singapore ahead of Moscow by a vote of 53 to 44.
21 MarchJemiah Islamiah terrorist head Mas Selamat bin Kastari escapes from prison.
SeptemberSingapore slips into recession due to the global financial crisis. World economies hit badly; banks around the world collapse.
16 OctoberSingapore government guarantees all local and foreign currency fixed deposits with a $150 billion pool for that in view of the financial crisis, joining governments around the world in doing so.
20117 MayPAP loses its grip on Aljunied Group Representation Constituency to the Workers' Party in the General Election. This is the first time an opposition party has captured a GRC since the inception of this scheme in 1988.
1 JulyTanjong Pagar Railway Station ceased operation and to be reserved as the Singapore Railway Museum.
27 AugustSingaporeans, for the first time since the establishment of Presidential Election, will be voting for the next President after the 6th President of Singapore – SR Nathan stepped down on 31 August 2011. The candidates involves in this election includes – Dr Tan Keng Yam Tony, Mr Tan Jee Say, Mr Tan Kin Lian and Dr. Tan Cheng Bock.
1 SeptemberDr Tan Keng Yam Tony is sworn as the seventh President of Singapore.
201225 SeptemberSingapore Changi Airport closes The Budget Terminal to make way for the construction of future Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 4.
201316 FebruaryMore than 3000 Singaporeans gathered at the Speakers' Corner, Singapore at Hong Lim Park for a non-partisan protest against the government's Population White Paper which projected a possible 6.9 million people in Singapore by 2030.
24 JuneHaze in Singapore reaches 401 PSI, the worst in Singapore history.
201412 JanuaryBeginning construction of the new Thomson-East Coast MRT Line (Thomson stretch) consisting of 31 new stations (including 7 interchanges). Expected to be completed by 2019 for the first three stations.
30 JuneThe new National Stadium re-opened to the public after re-construction.
201523 MarchLee Kuan Yew passes away. Singapore enters a one-week mourning period.
30 JuneNg Teng Fong General Hospital commences operation.
22 JulyJurong Community Hospital commences operation.
9 AugustSingapore turns 50.
201621 JulyBeginning construction of the new Thomson-East Coast MRT Line (East Coast stretch).
22 AugustS R Nathan passes away. Singapore enters a one-week mourning period.
201711 February Nearly 300 year old Tembusu tree at Singapore Botanic Gardens falls, killing one and injured 4 others.
17 AprilOthman Wok passes away. Singapore enters a one-week mourning period.
13–14 SeptemberHalimah Yacob is elected as the first female president and eighth President of Singapore.
31 OctoberSingapore Changi Airport opens its fourth passenger terminal.
2018New Passenger Terminal (Seletar Airport) expected to open in end-2018.[21]

References

  1. Munoz, Paul Michel (2006). Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 981-4155-67-5.
  2. Singapore in Global History by Derek Thiam Soon Heng, Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied p.40
  3. "Signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty (Treaty of London) of 1824". nlb.gov.sg. 17 March 1824.
  4. 1 2 3 "Formation of the Straits Settlements". nlb.gov.sg.
  5. "Robert Fullerton is 1st Governor of the Straits Settlements". nlb.gov.sg.
  6. "Singapore becomes Admin Centre of the Straits Settlements". nlb.gov.sg.
  7. "Singapore Institution Free School sets up girls' department". nlb.gov.sg. 4 March 1844.
  8. "St Joseph's Institution is established". nlb.gov.sg. 22 July 1852.
  9. "St Andrew's School is established". nlb.gov.sg. 8 September 1862.
  10. "Singapore Chinese Girls' School is established". nlb.gov.sg. 1 July 1899.
  11. "Nanyang Girls' High School Milestones". nygh.edu.sg.
  12. "Tan Howe Liang wins Singapore's First Olympic Medal". nlb.gov.sg. 8 September 1960.
  13. "Bukit Ho Swee fire occurs". nlb.gov.sg. 25 May 1961.
  14. "Singapore Joins the United Nations". nlb.gov.sg. 21 September 1965.
  15. "Singapore joins the Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org.
  16. "Singapore joins IMF and World Bank". nlb.gov.sg. 3 August 1966.
  17. "The National Pledge is taken". nlb.gov.sg. 24 August 1966.
  18. 1 2 3 "National Service becomes compulsory". nlb.gov.sg. 14 March 1967.
  19. "Singapore issues its first currency". nlb.gov.sg. 12 June 1967.
  20. "Formation of ASEAN". nlb.gov.sg. 8 August 1967.
  21. "Media Release for New Seletar Airport Passenger Terminal" (pdf). seletarairport.com. 4 July 2018.
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