Timeline of 16th-century Muslim history

Timeline of Islamic history: 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th | 21st century

16th century (1501–1600) (906 AH – 1009 AH)

1500 - 1509

Persia

1501: Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.
1507: The Kingdom of Portugal under Alfonso d'Albuquerque establishes trading outposts in the Persian Gulf..

Golden Horde

1502: The Golden Horde collapses into a number of smaller khanates.

Ak Koyunlu

1508: Ak Koyunlu is absorbed by the Safavids.

1510 - 1519

Malaysia

1511: D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca.

Ottoman Empire

1514: Sultan Selim I defeats Safavids at the Battle of Chaldiran.
1516: Selim I defeats the Mamluks at the Battle of Merc-i Dabik and kills Sultan Kansu Gavri; Syria is conquered.
1517: The Ottoman army crosses the Sinai desert, defeats the new Mamluk Sultan Tomanbai at the Battle of Ridaniye and Battle of Cairo and conquers Egypt. The Sharif of Mecca presented keys to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina to Selim I and is declared their hereditary ruler. Al-Mutawakkil, the last Abbasid caliph, formally surrenders the title of caliph to Selim I.

1520 - 1529

South East Asia (Indonesia)

1527: Fall of Majapahit empire, the last Hindu stronghold in South East Asia. Demak established as first Islamic sultanate of Java.

Ottoman Empire

1520: Selim I dies and the reign of Suleiman I, the Magnificent begins.
1521: Suleiman I conquers Belgrade.
1522: Suleiman I defeats the Knights Hospitaller and drives them from the island of Rhodes.
1526: Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács, where Louis II of Hungary dies. Buda and Pest are taken by the Ottomans and Hungary is declared a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire.
1529: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.

Mughal Empire

1526: Babur is victorious at the Battle of Panipat in India, and Delhi becomes his capital.

1530 - 1539

Ottoman Empire

1534: Suleiman I conducts a military campaign against Safavid Shah Tahsmab and conquers Van, Baghdad, and Tabriz.
1538: The Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Khayreddin wins a naval victory against a combined Christian fleet at the Battle of Preveza.

Algeria

1533: Barbarossa Khayreddin is appointed the Admiral of the Ottoman fleet and governor of Algeria.

1550 - 1559

Ottoman Empire

1550: The architect Mimar Sinan builds the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra.

Khanate of Kazan

1552: The Khanate is conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.

Indonesia

1550: Islam spreads to Java, the Maluku Islands, and Borneo.

Mughals

1556: Mughal dynasty reigns. Akbar founds the Mughal Dynasty in Northern India.

1560 - 1569

Ottoman Empire

1565: The Ottomans are defeated by the Knights Hospitaller during the Siege of Malta.
1566: The Ottomans gain control of the Aegean islands.
1566: Suleiman I dies and is succeeded by Selim II.

Spain

1568: Moriscos revolt during the Alpujarra uprising.

1570 - 1579

Ottoman Empire

1571: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto.

Morocco

1578: The Battle of Alcazarquivir at Alcazarquivir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.

1580 - 1589

Safavid Dynasty

1588: The reign of Abbas I of Safavid begins.

1590 - 1599

Religious

1591: Mustaali Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.

See also

Timeline of Muslim history

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