Thevar Magan

Thevar Magan
Film poster
Directed by Bharathan
Produced by Kamal Haasan
Chandrahasan
Written by Kamal Haasan
Starring
Music by Ilaiyaraaja
Cinematography P. C. Sreeram
Edited by N. P. Satish
Production
company
Distributed by Raaj Kamal Films International
Release date
  • 25 October 1992 (1992-10-25)
Running time
 158 minutes
Country India
Language Tamil

Thevar Magan (lit. Son of Thevar)[1][lower-alpha 1] is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Bharathan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Kamal Haasan, Revathi, Gautami and Nassar in pivotal roles. The film's soundtrack album and background score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja while the cinematography was handled by P. C. Sreeram. The film's script was written by Kamal Haasan who also produced the film along with his brother Chandrahasan under the production company Raaj Kamal Films International.

The film tells the story of Sakthivel, who returns home to meet his father Periya Thevar, who is a respected village chieftain and to marry his girlfriend. Sakthivel comes to know that the villagers are facing huge problems due to his father's younger brother and his son. After the death of his father, Sakthivel takes over the duty of his father. Rest of the film is about how Sakthivel solves the problems of villagers.

The film was chosen by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the 65th Academy Awards, but was not nominated. The film won five National Film Awards, including the Best Tamil Film Award, Best Supporting Actress Award (Revathi), and a Special Jury Award (Sivaji Ganesan).

The film was released on 25 October 1992 and became a blockbuster among 1992 Diwali releases and completed 200-days run at the box office. The film was dubbed into Telugu under the title Kshatriya Putrudu. It was later remade in Hindi as Virasat (1997) by Priyadarshan and in Kannada as Thandege Thakka Maga (2006) by S. Mahendar.Kamal Haasan recently announced in an interview to a private channel that he would be working on its sequel ThevarMagan2 which might release by the end of 2019

Plot

Sakthivel (Kamal Haasan) returns home to his father Periya Thevar’s (Sivaji Ganesan) village in Tamil Nadu after completing his education in London. Much to his father’s annoyance, he brings his westernized girlfriend Bhanu (Gautami) with him to meet his family. Periya Thevar is deeply offended since it is a tradition that the family elders choose the youngster's spouses. To make things worse, Sakthivel reveals his plans on opening a chain of restaurants in Chennai which saddens Periya Thevar as he wanted his son to help the villagers improve their lifestyle with his level of education.

Periya Thevar is a well-respected village chief. His younger half-brother Chinna Thevar (Kaka Radhakrishnan) and nephew Maya Thevar (Nassar) hold a huge grudge against him over a falling-out. The entire village suffers from a spillover of this longstanding family feud as most of the village and its surrounding areas that fall within its jurisdiction is divided between the brothers. Since Maya Thevar always tries to one-up Periya Thevar, it puts them at loggerheads with each other.

Sakthivel spends time in the village with his girlfriend by revisiting his childhood memories. They come across an old temple which has been closed off on Maya Thevar’s instructions. He insists on entering, and his friend and servant Esaki (Vadivelu) breaks open the lock for them to look around. Maya Thevar hears of this, and a brutal riot is started between the two village factions. Periya Thevar, in order to quell the situation, contemplates on apologizing to his opponents. Sakthivel feels it should be him or Esaki who should apologize. When Saktivelu asks for Esaki, he learns that Maya Thevar has cut off Esaki’s hand as punishment for opening the temple. To prevent further escalation of the situation, Sakthivel, with permission from Periya Thevar, enlists the help of his friends in the government, and opens the temple for all legally. Slighted by this, Maya Thevar hires goons to break a dam protecting a part of the village faction that supports Periya Thevar. Although one of the villagers spots one of the goons near the dam, he does not think much of it.

The dam is damaged by explosives used by the goons which result in flooding of half the village. This results in numerous deaths including infants which deeply saddens Sakthivel. He spots the goon who placed the explosives again in the village and gives chase. After capturing, he hands the goon over to the police but the goon does not speak of Maya Thevar's involvement due to fear for his own family's safety.

Later Maya Thevar closes a portion of his land, preventing the public from reaching the main road easily. Sakthivel and Periya Thevar invite them for talks at village Panchayat to resolve the standoff due the riots and flooding. In the village panchayat,[lower-alpha 2] accusations fly from both sides. With no evidence backing up the truth, Maya Thevar accuses Periya Thevar of orchestrating various attacks on his brother's family. Disrespected and broken, Periya Thevar returns to his home and passes away due to a heart attack later that night. Sakthivel takes over his father’s duties as the head of the village.

As time passes, this incident dies down. The villagers express concern to Sakthivel about going around the piece of land belonging to Maya Thevar’s side of the village every day to work on their farm which causes a much longer travelling time. Sakthivel reasons with the landowner Paramasivam (Kallapart Natarajan) to open it up for all villagers to pass so that their long commute is shortened. Although understanding and willing, Paramasivam, who is actually Maya Thevar's maternal uncle, is afraid of Maya Thevar’s backlash, especially since he has a daughter Panchavarnam (Revathi). Saktivelu assuages his fear by arranging the marriage between a well-to-do person from his village to Panchavarnam. Everybody involved happily agrees and Paramasivam opens up the land for everyone.

On the day of the wedding, the groom runs away, fearing Maya Thevar. Paramasivam and Panchavarnam are distraught over this, claiming it is a huge disrespect to his family. He opines that even if someone marries his daughter, they have to live in constant fear. Sakthivel then gets permission from Paramasivam and weds Panchavarnam. Although Sakthivel still has feelings for Bhanumathi and Panchavarnam is very shy, they overcome their awkwardness and move on. Soon, Bhanumathi returns and learns the truth. Although saddened by the turn of events, she understands the situation and leaves. Sakthivel, too, closes the chapter about Bhanumathi and starts his new life with Panchavarnam.

Maya Thevar, agitated by the land opening, plants a bomb during the village festival. This results in deaths on both sides of the village. Both factions of the village, wanting revenge, go after Maya Thevar and his family. Sakthivel protects the innocent family and helps them get away from the villagers. Appreciative of Sakthivel's efforts to protect them, they give away Maya Thevar's hiding location.

Sakthivel goes to meet Maya Thevar and asks him to surrender to the police before the villagers kill him. Maya Thevar’s rabid hatred for Sakthivel makes him reject his offer of help. Maya Thevar, blaming Sakthivel for all his problems, tries to kill him. In the struggle that follows, Sakthivel accidentally decapitates Maya Thevar. Although other villagers are willing to take the blame for Maya Thevar's murder, Sakthivel gives himself up to the police, wanting to put an end to the cycle of violence once and for all.

Cast

Production

Development

In the 1980s, Muktha Srinivasan planned to direct a film based on the American film The Godfather with Sivaji Ganesan and Kamal Haasan; however the project was dropped after Kamal Haasan's then associate Ananthu felt that it would be a Ganesan-focused film and not a Kamal film.[4] Kamal later wrote a script (which eventually became the film Thevar Magan) in seven days, although he claimed he was challenged to write it in 12.[5] The film was initially titled Nammavar before being retitled as Thevar Magan.[6] Kamal also acknowledged it as being inspired by The Godfather and the Kannada film Kaadu (1973).[7][5] He approached Malayalam filmmaker Bharathan to direct Thevar Magan.[8][9] This was Bharathan's last film in Tamil. According to Kamal Haasan, it was the first film which was written using a screenwriting software called "Movie Magic".[10] Lyricist Gangai Amaran claimed in 2016 that he was supposed to direct a film titled Adhi Veerapandian starring Kamal Haasan, but music director Ilaiyaraaja advised Kamal against accepting the film, feeling that Amaran was "not a good filmmaker", and the film was shelved. Amaran recalled, "Kamal took the story of Adhi Veerapandian and remade it as Thevar Magan".[11]

Casting

Kamal has stated that the casting was done "against everyone else’s suggestion".[5] Vadivelu was recruited to play the character called Isakki.[12] Meena was approached to play the character Panchavarnam and she had acted for few days but due to date problems she was replaced by Revathi.[13][14] S. N. Lakshmi was chosen to portray Nassar's mother.[15] Gauthami acted as love interest of Kamal in the film.[16] Dubbing voice for Gauthami was provided by K. R. Anuradha.[17] Thalaivasal Vijay portrayed Kamal’s elder brother and Ganesan’s son in the film. It was Kamal who recommended Vijay for the role.[18] For the character looks in the film, Hassan wore colourful buttoned up shirts and jeans with medium size beard and mullet in the first half of the film and he spotted thick Handlebar moustache and wore six yards of village dhoti for the part of village head.[19] The unit had originally wanted to cast either Vijayakumar or S. S. Rajendran for the character of Kamal's father. However Kamal approached Sivaji Ganesan who completed his portions within 7 days.[20]

P. C. Sriram and N. P. Satish took care of cinematography and editing respectively. Cameraman Tirru worked as P. C. Sriram's assistant and actor Tinku worked as assistant photographer respectively.[21][22]

Filming

The film was entirely shot in Pollachi at 75 days and for few days at Chennai and Ooty.[20][23] The scenes were shot at palatile bungalow situated at Singanallur.[24] Kamal has stated that the scene where a truck, with a cargo of steel rods jutting out, reverses and rams into a car in the film was initially written for Nayakan (1987), but could not be used there since producer Muktha Srinivasan would not let a car be demolished.[25] The unit went for shooting without a final script to Pollachi. The shooting could not proceed as planned due to confusion. Famous screenwriter Kalaignanam came to help and given the concept of "one temple, two locks" which Kamal liked.[20] Some scenes were shot at Mariamman Temple at Sulukkal, Pollachi.[26]

Themes and influences

Rajan Krishnan, PhD scholar in Film Studies from Columbia University, says that it was Kamal Hassan who brought that sickle bearing genre. He says, "I would like to propose that it is a Kamal Hassan film of high authenticity markers called Thevar Magan that can be said to have inaugurated the era of the south being represented as primarily a sickle bearing space".[27][1]

Stalin Rajangam, writer, who has extensively written on the ‘caste component and narrative structures of Tamil films concurs. He says that "Thevar Magan was first of its kind with stronger idioms of caste and glorification of caste-based practices".[27] Tamil writer S. Ramakrishnan said that Thevar Magan captured "the very essence of the south Tamil Nadu’s rural culture".[28]

The film faced controversy for identifying the Thevar community with glorified violence.[29][30]

Awards and honours

The film was chosen by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the 65th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.[31][32] The film was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994.[33] Ilaiyaraaja was a strong contender for the National Film Award for Best Music Direction, which he eventually lost to A. R. Rahman.[lower-alpha 3]

1993 National Film Awards (India)

AwardCategoryRecipient(s)Result
Silver Lotus Award Best Feature Film in Tamil[35] Kamal Hassan as a producer, Bharathan as a director Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Supporting Actress[35] Revathi Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Female Playback Singer[35] S. Janaki Won
Silver Lotus Award Best Audiography[35] N. Pandu Rangan Won
Silver Lotus Award Special Jury Award – Actor[35] Sivaji Ganesan Won

Filmfare Awards South

Tamil Nadu State Film Awards

Soundtrack

Thevar Magan
Studio album by Ilaiyaraaja
Released 1992
Recorded Raajkamal Film International
Genre Feature film soundtrack
Language Tamil
Label Sa Re Ga Ma
Aditya Music
Agi Music

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and lyrics were written by Vaali.[39] Telugu lyrics were written by Vennelakanti. Embar Kannan performed the portions of violin.[40] Kamal Haasan's daughter Shruti Haasan made her singing debut at the age of six with this film.[41] "Inji Iduppazhagu" is based on the Hindi song "Yeh Dil Deewana" composed by S. D. Burman for the film Ishq Par Zor Nahin (1970).[42] Kamal wanted Raja to compose on the lines of the Hindi song and Raja completed the song within 10 minutes.[43]

The song "Manamagale Manamagale" is based on Shuddha Saveri Raga.[44] The song "Maasaru Ponne" is based on Mayamalavagowla Raga.[45] The song "Inji Iduppazhagi" is based on Jonpuri raga.[46] It was later remixed by Smita in her album Kalakkal.[47] The original song was re-used in its self titled film.[48]

The soundtrack of the film received critical acclaim with "Inji Iduppazhagi" and "Potri Paadadi" being well received. Singer Charulatha Mani wrote for The Hindu on "Masaru Ponne" that, "a little piece sung in chorus stole our hearts [sic]".[45] For "Inji Iduppzhagi" she called it "a cheerful enjoyable Jonpuri-based melody".[46]

Track list
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Potri Paadadi Penne"T. K. S. Kalaivaanan, Mano 
2."Sandhu Pottu"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Kamal Hassan5:05
3."Potri Paadadi Penne"Sivaji Ganesan, Shruti Haasan1:26
4."Vaanam Thottu Pona"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam 
5."Ada Puthiyathu Piranthadhu"Malaysia Vasudevan 
6."Inji Idupazhaga"S. Janaki 
7."Inji Idupazhagi"S. Janaki, Kamal Haasan, Minmini 
8."Manamagale Manamagale"Swarnalatha, Minmini & Sindhuja2:13
9."Masaru Ponnae Varuga"Minmini, Swarnalatha3:07

Release

The satellite rights of the film were secured by sun TV and STAR Vijay. Length of the film was 4,625 metres (15,174 ft) and the film was certified "U" by Central Board of Film Certification with the duration of 158 minutes.[49] The film's release coincided with Diwali festival and opened alongside four other films including, Rajinikanth starrer Pandiyan and Prabhu starrer Senthamizh Paattu became commercially successful and ran for 200 days.[20][50] The silver jubilee celebration of the film was attended by Dilip Kumar.[20]

The film was dubbed and released in Telugu under the title Kshatriya Putrudu. Kamal initially planned to remake the film in Hindi with Dilip Kumar portraying the father's character however Dilip found the theme "too violent" and refused to do the film.[51] The film was then remade by Priyadarshan as Virasat (1997).[52] and in Kannada as Thandege Thakka Maga (2006) by S. Mahendar.[53]

Although no print of Thevar Magan has survived, the film is still available on home video.[54]

Reception

On 25 October 1992, The Indian Express said, "The formidable combination of [Kamal Haasan] and Sivaji Ganesan, the directorial talent of Bharathan, excellent cinematography of P.C. Sriram and music by the maestro [Ilaiyaraja], have all gone into producing Thevar Magan."[55] The Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan in its review dated 8 November 1992 appreciated the film and mentioned that its' naturalism was greatly enhanced by equal opportunity given to all actors in the film. It rated the film 60 out of 100.[56] Rediff stated "Kamal's story and script, and Bharatan's powerful direction, made this a film to savor".[57]

Legacy

N. Linguswamy,[58] Mysskin[59] Gautham Menon,[60] S. J. Suryah[61] and Karthi called Thevar Magan as their favourite film.[62] Gauthami listed it as her one of the favourite films she had acted.[63] In 2009, Meera Vasudevan said, "I’d love roles similar to Revathy in Devar Magan".[64] Sify in its review of Sandakozhi (2005) compared Rajkiran's character with Sivaji Ganesan's character from the film.[65] The magazine South Scope included Kamal Haasan's performance in the film in its list of "Kamal's best performances" in its July 2010 edition.[19] Silverscreen in its review of Vetrivel (2016) called the film as "pretty much an unsophisticated copy of Thevar Magan".[66]

The song "Potri Paadadi" is listed by The Hindu among lyricist Vaali's songs in the list "Best of Vaali:From 1964 to 2013".[67] The same song was ranked by Rediff alongside "Madhavi Pon Mayilaal" from Iru Malargal (1967) and "Andha Naal Gnabagam" from Uyarndha Manithan (1968).[68] The song "Inji Iduppazhaga" was listed by Behindwoods among other songs in its list "Kamal's unforgettable songs".[69] 2015 film Inji Iduppazhagi was named after the song of same name.[48] Naasar titled his directorial Maayan named after his character from the film.[70]

On Kamal Haasan's birthday, 7 November 2015, Latha Srinivasan of Daily News and Analysis considered Thevar Magan to be one of the "films you must watch to grasp the breadth of Kamal Haasan's repertoire".[71] The scene where Kamal's character take over his father's duty as village head was included by Behindwoods in its list "Top 20 Mass Scenes" and also in another list named "10 Mass Interval Blocks".[72][73] The same site included the film on its list "Superstars show the power of Veshti".[74]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Mukkulathor people, who are also collectively known as Thevar, are native to the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, According to R. Muthulakshmi, Thevar "literally means celestial beings or divine-natured people".[2]
  2. ↑ A gram panchayat is the cornerstone of a local self-government organisation in India of the Panchayati raj system at the village or small town level, and has a Sarpanch as its elected head.[3]
  3. ↑ The award was tied between Ilaiyaraaja and Rahman with 8 votes each before the chairman of the jury Balu Mahendra, a close friend of Ilaiyaraaja, decided to vote in favour of Rahman.[34]

References

  1. 1 2 Velayutham 2008, p. 151.
  2. ↑ Muthulakshmi 1997, pp. 11-13.
  3. ↑ "After 25 years of elected village councils in India, democracy still needs to be deepened". D+C. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  4. ↑ Srinivasan, Muktha V. (28 October 2012). "Living in past glory". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 Haasan, Kamal. "Bollywood blockbuster to Kollywood classic: Kamal Haasan picks his 70 favourite movies". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  6. ↑ "amal's new ventures". The Hindu. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  7. ↑ "Was 'Nayakan' inspired by 'The Godfather'?". Daily News & Analysis. 16 November 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  8. ↑ "Writing for celluloid". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  9. ↑ "The age of remakes". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  10. ↑ "Kamals screenwriting workshop gets inaugurated today". Indiaglitz. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  11. ↑ "Gangai Amaren lashes out at Ilaiyaraaja and Kamal Haasan". Deccan Chronicle. 23 June 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  12. ↑ "The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : "Devar Magan a turning point in my career"". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "DID YOU KNOW?". The Times of India. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
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  19. 1 2 Southscope 2010, p. 52.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Dhananjayan 2014, p. 325.
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  25. ↑ Haasan, Kamal (20 October 2012). "'Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance'". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  26. ↑ "Sulakkal Mariamman temple". Where Was It Shot. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  27. 1 2 D. Karthikeyan. "'Madurai formula' films and social realities". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
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  45. 1 2 CHARULATHA MANI. "A Raga's Journey — The magic of Mayamalavagowla". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  46. 1 2 "Jaunty Jonpuri". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  47. ↑ Prince Frederick (29 December 2004). "`Kalakal' remix". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
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  50. ↑ "Thevar Magan, Pandiyan, Kaaviya Thalaivan, Rasukutty, Thirumathi Palanisamy, Senthamizh Pattu – 1992 – The celebrated head-on collisions at the box-office". Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  51. ↑ "'Best actor this country has produced': Kamal Haasan remembers Dilip Kumar on his 93th birthday". Firstpost. Subhash K Jha. 11 December 2015. Archived from the original on 13 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  52. ↑ "Mollywood directors forays into Bollywood". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  53. ↑ "Not a patch on the original". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
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  56. ↑ "சினிமா விமர்சனம்: தேவர் மகன்" [Movie Review: Thevar Magan]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 8 November 1992.
  57. ↑ "rediff.com: Kamal's best!". Rediff. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  58. ↑ Udhav Naig. "Life takes a colourful turn". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  59. ↑ "Upbeat spirit". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  60. ↑ "Why I like... Nayakan". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  61. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  62. ↑ "Karthi Sivakumar, casual and down to earth". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  63. ↑ "Grill mill — GOUTHAMI". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  64. ↑ Grill Mill – Meera Vasudevan – CHEN. The Hindu (14 August 2009). Retrieved on 29 February 2016.
  65. ↑ "Review: Sandakozhi". Sify. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  66. ↑ "Vetrivel Review: (Melo)dramatic". Silverscreen. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  67. ↑ "Best of Vaali: From 1964 – 2013". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  68. ↑ N. Sathiya Moorthy (22 July 2013). "Remembering Vaali". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  69. ↑ "Kamal's unforgettable songs — Tamil Movie Articles — Kamal — Dasavatharam — Unnaipol Oruvan — Manmadhan Ambu — Vasool Raja". Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  70. ↑ "Maayan review — Bbthots". Bbthots. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  71. ↑ "Birthday special: Films you must watch to grasp Kamal Haasan's repertoire". Daily News & Analysis. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  72. ↑ "5. Devar Magan — Top 20 Mass Scenes". Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  73. ↑ "Thevar Magan – 10 Mass Interval Blocks". Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  74. ↑ "Kamal — Thevar Magan — Superstars show the power of The Veshti". Behindwoods. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2015.

Bibliography

  • Dhananjayan, G. (2014). Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013. Blue Ocean Publishers.
  • Mathai, Kamini (2009). A.R. Rahman: The Musical Storm. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-670-08371-8.
  • Muthulakshmi, R. (1997). Female Infanticide, Its Causes and Solutions. Discovery Publishing. ISBN 978-8-17141-383-6.
  • Raj, Maya (July 2010). "Style Sutra: Kamal Haasan". South Scope.
  • Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). Tamil Cinema:The Cultural Politics of India's other film country. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39680-6.
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