The King of Limbs

The King of Limbs
Studio album by Radiohead
Released 18 February 2011 (2011-02-18)
Recorded May 2009 – January 2011 in Los Angeles, California
Genre
Length 37:34
Label
Producer Nigel Godrich
Radiohead chronology
In Rainbows - From the Basement
(2008)In Rainbows - From the Basement2008
The King of Limbs
(2011)
TKOL RMX 1234567
(2011)TKOL RMX 12345672011
Radiohead studio album chronology
In Rainbows
(2007) In Rainbows2007
The King of Limbs
(2011) The King of Limbs2011
A Moon Shaped Pool
(2016) A Moon Shaped Pool2016
Singles from The King of Limbs
  1. "Lotus Flower"
    Released: 16 February 2011 (promotional)

The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download. CD and 12" vinyl versions were released on 28 March 2011 through XL Recordings in the United Kingdom, TBD Records in the United States and Hostess Entertainment in Japan.

Following the protracted recording and more conventional instrumentation of their album In Rainbows (2007), Radiohead developed The King of Limbs by sampling and looping, working with longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich in Los Angeles. Singer Thom Yorke described the album as "an expression of wildness and mutation". Radiohead released no singles from The King of Limbs, but released a music video for "Lotus Flower" that spawned an internet meme.

The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of the year by publications including The Wire, NME and PopMatters. It was nominated for five categories at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. The download version sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 copies in two months, and the vinyl became a bestseller in the UK. The retail edition debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart and number six on the US Billboard 200. The King of Limbs was followed by a remix album, TKOL RMX 1234567, and a live video, The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement.

Recording

Multi-instrumentalist and programmer Jonny Greenwood wrote the sampler software used to create The King of Limbs.

Radiohead worked on The King of Limbs with longtime producer Nigel Godrich intermittently from May 2009 to January 2011.[1][2] Like their sixth album, Hail to the Thief (2003), it was recorded in Los Angeles, possibly at the home of actress Drew Barrymore, who is thanked in the album's liner notes.[3][4]

Radiohead wanted to avoid repeating the protracted recording process of their previous album In Rainbows (2007).[5] According to singer Thom Yorke, the band felt that "if we are gonna carry on, we need to do it for a new set of reasons".[6] Cover artist Stanley Donwood said that whereas In Rainbows was "very much a definitive statement", the band wanted to make an album that was more "transitory".[7] Multi-instrumentalist Jonny Greenwood said: "We didn't want to pick up guitars and write chord sequences. We didn't want to sit in front of a computer either. We wanted a third thing, which involved playing and programming."[1]

Whereas Radiohead developed In Rainbows from their live performances, The King of Limbs developed from studio experimentation.[2] After Godrich and Yorke had become interested in DJing during their time in Los Angeles, Godrich proposed a two-week experiment whereby each band member used turntables and vinyl emulation software[1] instead of conventional instruments. According to Godrich, "That two-week experiment ended up being fucking six months. And that’s that record, the whole story of all of it."[8]

Much of the album is constructed from samples of the band's playing, which were looped and edited.[1][9] Radiohead used sampling software written by Greenwood, which he described as a "wonky, rubbish version" of Ableton Live.[10] Radiohead used this process to create "blocks" of music to which Yorke wrote melodies and lyrics;[11] Yorke likened the process to editing a film.[12] Guitarist Ed O'Brien told Rolling Stone: "The brick walls we tended to hit were when we knew something was great, like 'Bloom', but not finished. We knew the song was nearly something. Then [Colin Greenwood] had that bassline, and Thom started singing. Those things suddenly made it a hundred times better."[1]

On 24 January 2010, Radiohead suspended recording to perform at the Henry Fonda Theatre, Hollywood, to raise funds for Oxfam responding to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Yorke performed the future King of Limbs track "Lotus Flower" alone on acoustic guitar.[13] The show was released free online in December 2010 as Radiohead for Haiti.[13]

Music and lyrics

The King of Limbs emphasises drummer Philip Selway and bassist Colin Greenwood's rhythm section. According to O'Brien: "Rhythm is the king of limbs! The rhythm dictates the record. It's very important."[14] The album makes prominent use of sampling, looping, and ambient sounds,[15][16][17] including samples of natural sounds such as birdsong and wind.[18] Pitchfork described its music as "aggressive rhythms made out of dainty bits of digital detritus, robotically repetitive yet humanly off-kilter, parched thickets of drumming graced with fleeting moments of melodic relief."[19] Several critics noted dubstep influences.[20][21][22]

The album title is thought to derive from the King of Limbs, an ancient tree in Savernake Forest.

The first track, "Bloom", was inspired by the BBC nature documentary series The Blue Planet.[23] It opens with a piano loop and features horns and complex rhythms.[18][24] "Morning Mr Magpie" has "restless guitars".[18] "Little by Little" features "crumbling guitar shapes" and "clattering" percussion.[24] "Feral" features scattered vocal samples[16] and "mulched-up" drums.[24] "Lotus Flower" features a driving synth bassline and Yorke's falsetto.[18] "Codex" is a piano ballad with "spectral" horns and strings.[18] "Give Up the Ghost" is an acoustic guitar ballad with layered vocal harmonies.[18] The final track, "Separator", has guitar and piano, a "brittle" drum loop, and echoing vocals.[18]

Yorke said he felt The King of Limbs was a "visual" album, with lyrics and artwork about "wildness" and "mutating" inspired by his environmental concerns.[25] The album title is thought to refer to the King of Limbs, an ancient oak tree in Wiltshire's Savernake Forest, near Tottenham House, where Radiohead recorded In Rainbows.[26][27]

At eight tracks and 37 minutes in length, The King of Limbs is Radiohead's shortest album.[28] O'Brien explained that Radiohead felt the ideal album was around 40 minutes long, and cited Marvin Gaye's What's Going On (1971) as a classic record shorter than The King of Limbs.[29]

Artwork and packaging

The King of Limbs artwork was created by Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood.[30] Donwood intended to paint oil portraits of the Radiohead members in the style of Gerhard Richter, but abandoned the idea as "I'd never painted with oils before and I'm not Gerhard Richter so it was just a series of painted disasters".[31] As with previous Radiohead albums, Donwood worked on the artwork as the band recorded nearby; the music made Donwood think of "immense multicoloured cathedrals of trees, with music echoing from the branches whilst strange fauna lurked in the fog".[32] Donwood and Yorke drew trees with eyes, limbs, mouths, and familiars,[32] creating "strange, multi-limbed creatures that are neither malevolent or benevolent", inspired by Northern European fairy tales.[33]

For the special "newspaper" edition of The King of Limbs, Donwood wanted to create something "in a state of flux".[32] He chose newspaper, which fades in sunlight, for "its ephemeral nature";[33] this reflected the album's nature themes, mirroring the natural decay of living things.[32] To design the newspaper, Donwood took inspiration from weekend broadsheets[33] and radical 1960s newspapers and magazines.[32] The "newspaper" edition of The King of Limbs was nominated for the Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package in the 54th Grammy Awards.[34]

Release

Radiohead announced The King of Limbs on their website on 14 February 2011 with a release date of 19 February.[26] It was released one day earlier, on 18 February.[35][36] The MP3 download cost £6, US$9, or €7; the WAV download cost £9, US$14, or €11.[37][38][39] The downloads are DRM-free.[37] Customers could also order a special "newspaper edition" of the album, released 9 May 2011, for £30, US$48 or €36 with the MP3 download, and £33, US$53 or €39 with the WAV (shipping included). The "newspaper" edition contains the album on CD and two 10-inch vinyl records, additional artwork, a special record sleeve, and a "colour piece of oxo-degradable plastic package".[40] The King of Limbs was released on CD and vinyl through Radiohead's Ticker Tape imprint on XL in the United Kingdom, TBD in the United States, and Hostess Entertainment in Japan.[41]

On 16 April 2011, Radiohead released two tracks not included on The King of Limbs but worked on during the same sessions, "Supercollider" and "The Butcher", as a double single for Record Store Day.[42] They later released the tracks as free downloads for those who had purchased The King of Limbs from the Radiohead website.[43] In June 2011, Radiohead announced a series of King of Limbs remix singles by various artists.[44] The remixes are compiled on the remix album TKOL RMX 1234567, released in September 2011.[45] Radiohead performed The King of Limbs in its entirety for The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement, broadcast in July 2011 and released on DVD and Blu-ray in December 2011.[46][47] On February 11, 2014, Radiohead released the Polyfauna app for Android and iOS; it is an "experimental collaboration" between the band and the British digital arts studio Universal Everything, and uses musical elements and imagery from The King of Limbs.[48]

In 2017, Radiohead collaborated with film composer Hans Zimmer to record a new version of "Bloom" for the BBC nature documentary series Blue Planet II. The new track, "(ocean) Bloom", features new vocals by Yorke recorded alongside the BBC Concert Orchestra. In a press release, Yorke said: "'Bloom' was inspired by the original Blue Planet series so it's great to be able to come full circle with the song."[23]

Promotion

Singer Thom Yorke distributed a free newspaper promoting The King of Limbs at an independent record shop in London

Before the album announcement, Radiohead planned a broadcast on February 18, 2011, in Shibuya, Tokyo, but the event was canceled due to security concerns.[49] On February 19, Radiohead released a music video for "Lotus Flower" on YouTube,[50] featuring black-and-white footage of Yorke dancing. It was directed by Hammer & Tongs member Garth Jennings and choreographed by Wayne McGregor.[51] The video inspired the "Dancing Thom Yorke" internet meme, whereby fans replaced the video's audio or edited the visuals,[52] and "#thomdance" became a trending hashtag on Twitter.[53]

To promote the retail release of The King of Limbs, Radiohead distributed a free newspaper, the Universal Sigh, at independent record shops across the world on 28 March 2011. Donwood and Yorke distributed copies in person at a record shop in east London.[54] Influenced by free newspapers such as LA Weekly or London Lite, the Universal Sigh is a 12-page tabloid printed using web-offset lithography on newsprint paper[55] and features artwork, poetry, and lyrics along with short stories by Donwood, Jay Griffiths and Robert Macfarlane.[56]

Tour

Radiohead did not perform The King of Limbs live until several months after its release, as Yorke wanted to continue studio work, and it took some time to arrange the album for live performance.[1] To perform the complex rhythms, they enlisted a second drummer, Clive Deamer, who had worked with Portishead and Get the Blessing. Selway said: "That was fascinating. One played in the traditional way, the other almost mimicked a drum machine. It was push-and-pull, like kids at play, really interesting."[57] Deamer has joined Radiohead for subsequent tours.[58]

On 24 June 2011, Radiohead played a surprise performance on the Park stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival, performing songs from The King of Limbs before an audience for the first time.[106] In September, they played two dates at New York City's Roseland Ballroom[59] and made American TV appearances including a one-hour special episode of The Colbert Report[60] and the season première of Saturday Night Live.[61] In February 2012, Radiohead began their first extended North American tour in four years, including dates in the United States, Canada and Mexico.[62] On June 16, 2012, the stage collapsed during the setup for a show at Toronto’s Downsview Park, killing drum technician Scott Johnson and injuring three others.[63] The Toronto show and Radiohead's tour dates in Europe were postponed.[64] After rescheduling the tour, Radiohead paid tribute to Johnson and their stage crew at their next concert, in Nîmes, France, in July.[65]

Reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
AnyDecentMusic?7.6/10[66]
Metacritic80/100[67]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[68]
The A.V. ClubB+[69]
Entertainment WeeklyB[70]
The Guardian[71]
The Independent[72]
NME7/10[73]
Pitchfork7.9/10[24]
Q[74]
Rolling Stone[75]
Spin8/10[76]

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, The King of Limbs has an average score of 80 based on 40 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[67] Michael Brodeur of the Boston Globe praised "the tense calm these eight songs maintain—a composure that feels constantly ready to crack", and wrote that "where In Rainbows was mellow but brisk — an album that felt on its way somewhere — these songs are eerie and insidious, creeping like shadows".[77] PopMatters' Corey Beasley wrote: "The King of Limbs is a beautiful record, one that begs more of a conscious listen than its predecessor, but one that provides equal – if different – thrills in doing so."[78]

François Marchand of the Vancouver Sun said that the album "bridges Radiohead's many different styles" and was "worth embracing".[79] AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine described it as "the sound of Radiohead doing what they do, doing it very well, doing it without flash or pretension, gently easing from the role of pioneers to craftsmen".[68] Critic Robert Christgau awarded the album a two-star "honourable mention" and recommended the songs "Little by Little" and "Bloom".[80] Quietus critic Ben Graham felt it could be Radiohead's best work, writing: "King of Limbs revisits the Kid A / Amnesiac period that alienated so many fans of OK Computer but does so with a greater maturity and weight of experience that enriches both the songs and the process."[81]

Some felt The King of Limbs was less innovative than Radiohead's prior albums. Mark Pytlik of Pitchfork called it "well-worn terrain for Radiohead, and while it continues to yield rewarding results, the band's signature game-changing ambition is missed."[24] Luke Lewis of NME felt it was "a record to respect for its craft, rather than worship for its greatness".[73] In a retrospective 2015 article for Stereogum, Ryan Leas concluded that The King of Limbs was "very good, occasionally great music by a pivotal band that nevertheless felt like something of a letdown because it wasn't, ultimately, some genius stroke none of us expected". He praised The King of Limbs: Live From the Basement as "the real King Of Limbs ... You hear muscle and movement and bodies existing where the now tapped-out ingenuity of Radiohead’s electronic impulses has begun to make their recorded music brittle."[82] Los Angeles Times writer Ann Powers noted that the album had divided fans and critics, with some finding it too low-key, abstract, or "doomy", or too similar to Radiohead's previous work.[17] Some fans, having waited three and a half years for the follow-up to In Rainbows, were disappointed by an album of only eight tracks that felt "relatively dashed together", and unfounded theories spread of a second album soon to be released.[82]

The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of 2011 by several publications: the Wire and the Guardian named it the 27th best of the year,[83][84] Mojo the 47th,[85] NME the 20th,[86] PopMatters the 10th,[87] Uncut the 7th[88] and Rolling Stone the 5th, the latter describing it as "a record that grew all year – in your room, and on stage".[89] It was nominated for five categories in the 54th Grammy Awards: Best Alternative Music Album, Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, Best Short Form Music Video (for "Lotus Flower"), Best Rock Performance ("Lotus Flower") and Best Rock Song ("Lotus Flower").[34]

Sales

Radiohead sold between 300,000 and 400,000 copies of The King of Limbs on their website, where it was exclusively available for nearly two months prior to retail release.[1] Radiohead's co-manager Chris Hufford estimated that Radiohead made more money from The King of Limbs than any of their previous albums, as most sales were made through the band's website without a record company.[1]

The retail edition of The King of Limbs debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart, selling 33,469 copies in its first week.[90] The retail vinyl edition, excluding "newspaper album" sales, sold more than 20,000 copies in the UK in the first half of 2011, 12% of all vinyl sold in that period,[91] and became the best-selling vinyl album of 2011;[32] as of April 2015, it was the UK's second best-selling vinyl of the decade.[92] In the US, the retail edition of The King of Limbs debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 69,000 copies.[93] The following week, it peaked at number three, selling 67,000 copies.[94] By April 2012, The King of Limbs had sold 307,000 retail copies in the US, making it Radiohead's first album to fail to achieve gold certification there.[1]

Track listing

All tracks written by Radiohead.

No.TitleLength
1."Bloom"5:15
2."Morning Mr Magpie"4:41
3."Little by Little"4:27
4."Feral"3:13
5."Lotus Flower"5:01
6."Codex"4:47
7."Give Up the Ghost"4:50
8."Separator"5:20
Total length:37:34

Personnel

Charts

Weekly

Chart (2011) Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart[95] 2
Austrian Albums Chart[95] 11
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[95] 7
Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)[95] 8
Canadian Albums Chart[96] 5
Danish Albums Chart[95] 10
Dutch Albums Chart[95] 3
Finnish Albums Chart[95] 13
French Albums Chart[95] 8
German Albums Chart[97] 13
Greek Albums Chart[95] 9
Irish Albums Chart[98] 7
Italian Albums Chart[95] 8
Japanese Oricon Albums Chart[99] 3
Mexican Albums Chart[95] 8
New Zealand Albums Chart[95] 5
Norwegian Albums Chart[95] 4
Spanish Albums Chart[100] 10
Swedish Albums Chart[95] 9
Swiss Albums Chart[95] 8
UK Albums Chart[90] 7
US Billboard 200[94] 3

Year-end

Chart (2011) Rank
Belgian Alternative Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[101] 44
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[102] 94
French Albums (SNEP)[103] 124
UK Albums (OCC)[104] 118
US Billboard 200[105] 135

Certifications and sales

Region CertificationCertified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[106] Gold 40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[107] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[108] none 370,000[109]^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Notes and references

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