Terabit Ethernet

Terabit Ethernet or TbE is used to describe speeds of Ethernet above 100 Gbit/s. 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400G, 400GbE) and 200 Gigabit Ethernet (200G, 200GbE)[1] standards developed by the IEEE P802.3bs Task Force using broadly similar technology to 100 Gigabit Ethernet[2][3] were approved on December 6, 2017.[4][5] In 2016, several networking equipment suppliers were already offering proprietary solutions for 200G and 400G.[5]

There's currently no IEEE technology roadmap beyond 400 Gbit/s—"sometime after 2020"[6]—but doubling to 800 GbE is expected to occur when single-lane 100 GbE links become available. This technology might also allow larger lane bundles, possibly providing 1 TbE or 1.6 TbE links with 10 or 16 lanes.[7][8]

History

Facebook and Google, among other companies, have expressed a need for TbE.[9] While a speed of 400 Gbit/s is achievable with existing technology, 1 Tbit/s (1000 Gbit/s) would require different technology.[2][10] Accordingly, at the IEEE Industry Connections Higher Speed Ethernet Consensus group meeting in September 2012, 400 GbE was chosen as the next generation goal.[2] Additional 200GbE objectives were added in January 2016.

The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) attracted help from Agilent Technologies, Google, Intel, Rockwell Collins, and Verizon Communications to help with research into next generation Ethernet.[11]

As of early 2016, chassis/modular based core router platforms from Cisco, Juniper and other major manufacturers support 400 Gbit/s full duplex data rates per slot. One, two and four port 100GbE and one port 400GbE line cards are presently available, with 200GbE expected to become available after 802.3cd standard ratification.[12][13]

Development

The IEEE formed the "IEEE 802.3 Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment Ad Hoc", to investigate the business needs for short and long term bandwidth requirements.[14][15][16]

IEEE 802.3's "400 Gb/s Ethernet Study Group" started working on the 400 Gbit/s generation standard in March 2013.[17] Results from the study group were published and approved on March 27, 2014. Subsequently, the IEEE 802.3bs Task Force[18] started working to provide physical layer specifications for several link distances.[19]

The IEEE P802.3bs standard was approved on December 6, 2017[4] and is available online.[20]

802.3bs project objectives

Like all speeds since 10 Gigabit Ethernet, the standard supports only full-duplex operation. Other objectives include:[19]

  1. Support MAC data rates of 400 Gbit/s and 200 Gbit/s[1]
  2. Preserve the Ethernet frame format utilizing the Ethernet MAC
  3. Preserve minimum and maximum frame size of current Ethernet standard
  4. Define physical layer specifications that support link distances of:
    • 400 Gbit/s Ethernet
      • at least 100 m over multi-mode fiber (400GBASE-SR16) using sixteen parallel strands of fiber each at 25 Gbit/s[21][22]
      • at least 500 m over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-DR4) using four parallel strands of fiber each at 100 Gbit/s[23][24]
      • at least 2 km over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-FR8) using eight parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[23][25][26]
      • at least 10 km over single-mode fiber (400GBASE-LR8) using eight parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[23][26][27]
      • eight and sixteen lane chip-to-chip/chip-to-module electrical interfaces (400GAUI-8 and 400GAUI-16)
    • 200 Gbit/s Ethernet
      • at least 500m over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-DR4) using four parallel strands of fiber each at 50 Gbit/s[28][29]
      • at least 2 km over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-FR4) using four parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[1][29]
      • at least 10 km over single-mode fiber (200GBASE-LR4) using four parallel wavelengths (CWDM) each at 50 Gbit/s[1][29]
      • four and eight lane chip-to-chip/chip-to-module electrical interfaces (200GAUI-4 and 200GAUI-8)
  5. Support a bit error ratio (BER) of 10−13, which is an improvement over the 10−12 BER that was specified for 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE.
  6. Support for OTN (transport of Ethernet across optical transport networks), and optional support for Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE).

802.3cd 200 Gb/s project objectives

  • Define four-lane 200 Gb/s PHYs for operation over:
    • copper twin-axial cables with lengths up to at least 3m (200GBASE-CR4).
    • printed circuit board backplane with a total channel insertion loss of <= 30dB at 13.28125 GHz (200GBASE-KR4).
  • Define 200 Gb/s PHYs for operation over MMF with lengths up to at least 100m (200GBASE-SR4).

802.3ck 200 Gb/s project objectives

  • Define a two-lane 200 Gb/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gb/s per lane optical signaling
  • Define a two-lane 200 Gb/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications
  • Define a two-lane 200 Gb/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz
  • Define a two-lane 200 Gb/s PHY for operation over twin axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2m

802.3ck 400 Gb/s project objectives

  • Define a four-lane 400 Gb/s Attachment Unit interface (AUI) for chip-to-module applications, compatible with PMDs based on 100 Gb/s per lane optical signaling
  • Define a four-lane 400 Gb/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for chip-to-chip applications
  • Define a four-lane 400 Gb/s PHY for operation over electrical backplanes an insertion loss ≤ 28 dB at 26.56 GHz
  • Define a four-lane 400 Gb/s PHY for operation over twin axial copper cables with lengths up to at least 2m

200G port types

Name Clause Medium Media
Count		 Lanes Gigabaud per lane Notes
200GBASE-CR4 136 (802.3cd) twinaxial copper cable 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 3 m reach
200GBASE-KR4 137 (802.3cd) electrical backplane 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation)
200GBASE-SR4 138 (802.3cd) multimode fibre

850 nm laser

 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 70 m reach on OM3

100 m reach OM4

200GBASE-DR4 121 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

1304.5 to 1317.5 nm

 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 500 m reach
200GBASE-FR4 122 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

WDM 1271-1331nm

 1 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 2 km reach
200GBASE-LR4 122 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

WDM 1295.56-1309.14 nm

 1 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 10 km reach
200GAUI-8 120B/C (802.3bs) Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interface 8 26.5625 (NRZ) 25 cm
200GAUI-4 120D/E (802.3bs) Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interface 4 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 25 cm

400G port types

Name Clause Medium Media
Count		 Lanes Gigabaud per lane Notes
400GBASE-SR16 123 (802.3bs) multimode fibre

850 nm laser

 16 26.5625 70 m reach on OM3

100 m reach OM4

400GBASE-DR4 124 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

1304.5 to 1317.5 nm

 4 53.125 (PAM4 modulation) 500 m reach
400GBASE-FR8 122 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

WDM 1273.54-1309.14 nm

 1 8 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 2 km reach
400GBASE-LR8 122 (802.3bs) single-mode fibre

WDM 1273.54-1309.14 nm

 1 8 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 10 km reach
400GAUI-16 120B/C (802.3bs) Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interface 16 26.5625 (NRZ) 25 cm
400GAUI-8 120D/E (802.3bs) Chip-to-chip/chip-to-module interface 8 26.5625 (PAM4 modulation) 25 cm

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "IEEE 802.3 NGOATH SG Adopted Changes to 802.3bs Project Objectives" (PDF).
  2. 1 2 3 "Network boffins say Terabit Ethernet is TOO FAST: Sticking to 400Gb for now".
  3. ↑ On-board optics: beyond pluggables
  4. 1 2 "[STDS-802-3-400G] IEEE P802.3bs Approved!". IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  5. 1 2 "High-Speed Transmission Update: 200G/400G".
  6. ↑ "Recent trends in next generation terabit Ethernet and gigabit wireless local area network". IEEE.
  7. ↑ Jim O'Reilly. "Ethernet Roadmap: A Raft Of New Speeds". NETWORKComputing.com.
  8. ↑ "The 2016 Ethernet Roadmap" (PDF). ethernetalliance.org.
  9. ↑ Feldman, Michael (February 3, 2010). "Facebook Dreams of Terabit Ethernet". HPCwire. Tabor Communications, Inc.
  10. ↑ Matsumoto, Craig (March 5, 2010). "Dare We Aim for Terabit Ethernet?". Light Reading. UBM TechWeb,.
  11. ↑ Craig Matsumoto (October 26, 2010). "The Terabit Ethernet Chase Begins". Light Reading. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Cisco 4 x 100 Gbit/s interface".
  13. ↑ "Alcatel-Lucent boosts operator capacity to deliver big data and video over existing networks with launch of 400G IP router interface".
  14. ↑ Stephen Lawson (May 9, 2011). "IEEE Seeks Data on Ethernet Bandwidth Needs". PC World. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  15. ↑ "IEEE Industry Connections Ethernet Bandwidth Assessment" (PDF). IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group. July 19, 2012. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
  16. ↑ Max Burkhalter Brafton (May 12, 2011). "Terabit Ethernet could be on its way". Perle. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  17. ↑ "400 Gb/s Ethernet Study Group". Group web site. IEEE 802.3. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  18. ↑ IEEE 802.3bs Task Force
  19. 1 2 "Objectives" (PDF). IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. Mar 2014. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
  20. ↑ "P802.3bs - IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers and Management Parameters for 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s Operation". IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  21. ↑ 100m MMF draft proposal
  22. ↑ "400GBase-SR16 draft specifications" (PDF).
  23. 1 2 3 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group Liaison letter to ITU-T Questions 6/15 and 11/15
  24. ↑ 400G-PSM4: A Proposal for the 500m Objective using 100 Gbit/s per Lane Signaling
  25. ↑ 400Gb/s 8x50G PAM4 WDM 2km SMF PMD Baseline Specifications
  26. 1 2 Baseline Proposal for 8 x 50G NRZ for 400GbE 2km and 10km PMD
  27. ↑ "400 GbE technical draft specifications" (PDF).
  28. ↑ IEEE 802.3 NGOATH SG Adopted Changes to 802.3bs Project Objectives Updated by IEEE 802.3 NGOATH Study Group, Mar 16, 2016, IEEE 802 Mar 2016 Plenary, Macau, China.
  29. 1 2 3 IEEE 802.3bs 200/400 Gb/s Ethernet (Standards Informant)

Further reading

  • Chris Jablonski. "Researchers to develop 1 Terabit Ethernet by 2015". ZD Net. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  • Iljitsch van Beijnum (August 2011). "Speed matters: how Ethernet went from 3Mbps to 100Gbps... and beyond". Ars Technica. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  • Rick Merritt (May 9, 2011). "IEEE Looks beyond 100G Ethernet". The Cutting Edge. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  • Stephen Lawson (February 2, 2010). "Facebook Sees Need for Terabit Ethernet". PC World. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  • IEEE Reports
    • "100 gigabit Ethernet and beyond". March 2010. ISSN 0163-6804.
    • "The drive towards Terabit Ethernet". July 2011. ISBN 978-1-4244-5730-4.
    • "DQPSK for Terabit Ethernet in the 1310 nm band". July 2011. ISBN 978-1-4244-5730-4.
  • West, John (April 3, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet on the way". insideHPC.
  • Mellor, Chris (February 15, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet possibilities". The Register.
  • Wang, Brian (April 24, 2008). "Terabit Ethernet around 2015".
  • Duffy, Jim (April 20, 2009). "100 Gigabit Ethernet: Bridge to Terabit Ethernet". Network World. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010.
  • Fleishman, Glenn (February 13, 2009). "Terabit Ethernet becomes a photonic possibility". Ars Technica. Condé Nast.
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