Switchback Railway

Switchback Railway
The original Switchback Railway at Coney Island
Coney Island
Park section Coney Island Cyclone Site
Status Removed
Opening date June 16, 1884 (1884-06-16)
General statistics
Type Wood
Manufacturer LaMarcus Adna Thompson
Designer LaMarcus Adna Thompson
Model Lift Packed
Track layout Gravity pulled coaster
Lift/launch system gravity
Height 50 ft (15 m)
Drop 43 ft (13 m)
Length 600 ft (180 m)
Speed 6 mph (9.7 km/h)
Duration 1:00
Max vertical angle 30°
Capacity 1600 riders per hour
G-force 2.9
Switchback Railway at RCDB
Pictures of Switchback Railway at RCDB

The original Switchback Railway was the first roller coaster at Coney Island and one of the earliest designed for amusement in America. The 1885 patent states the invention relates to the gravity double track switchback railway, which had predicated the inclined plane railway, patented in 1878 by Richard Knudsen. [1][2] [3] It appears Thompson based his design, at least in part, on the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway which was a coal-mining train that had started carrying passengers as a thrill ride in 1827.[4]

The Coney Island Switchback Railway was designed by LaMarcus Adna Thompson in 1881 and constructed in 1884.[5] For five cents, riders would climb a tower to board the large bench-like car and were pushed off to coast 600 ft (183 m) down the track to another tower.[4] The car went just over 6 mph (9.7 km/h).[4] At the top of the other tower the vehicle was switched to a return track or "switched back" (hence the name).

This track design was soon replaced with an oval complete-circuit ride designed by Charles Alcoke and called the Serpentine Railway.[4] In 1885 Phillip Hinkle developed a lift system which appeared in his ride called Gravity Pleasure.[5] The Gravity Pleasure also featured cars in which the passengers could face forward instead of in the awkward bench-like seats of the first two roller coasters.[4]

Not to be outdone, in 1886 LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented his design of coasters that included dark tunnels with painted scenery.[5] Thompson built many more roller coasters across the country which were called "The L.A. Thompson Scenic Railway".[4] Some of these operated until 1954.

Many of these early coasters were torn down and replaced by larger ones, and soon most roller coasters built before the 1930s had been demolished. But modern roller coaster companies are now resurrecting old "woodies" and building what they call "hybrid" roller coasters, which combine the classic look of a wooden support structure with the smoothness of a steel track. Hybrid roller coasters are able to include more "extreme" elements such as inversions and beyond-vertical drops due to the versatility of steel track.

There was also a switchback railway at the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition in 1888.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "US Patent No. 332,762 Patented". Google Patents. December 22, 1885. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Improvements in inclined-plane railways". Google Patents. January 1, 1878. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  3. ↑ "History of Roller Coasters: The Switchback Railway, America's First Roller Coaster". Entertainment Designer. October 16, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rutherford, Scott (2000) The American Roller Coaster, MBI Publishing Company, Wisconsin. ISBN 0760306893.
  5. 1 2 3 Urbanowicz, Steven J. (2002) The Roller Coaster Lover's Companion, Citadel Press Kensington, New York. ISBN 0806523093. pg 4.
  6. ↑ The Argus. Melbourne. 21 July 1888. p. 11 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article6895338. Retrieved 14 February 2013 – via National Library of Australia. Missing or empty |title= (help)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.