South Korean presidential election, 1992

South Korean presidential election, 1992
18 December 1992

 
Nominee Kim Young-sam Kim Dae-jung Chung Ju-yung
Party Democratic Liberal Democratic Reunification National Party
Popular vote 9,977,332 8,041,284 3,880,067
Percentage 42.0% 33.8% 16.3%
Results by province and city

■ – Kim Young-sam

■ – Kim Dae-jung
President before election

Roh Tae-woo
Democratic Liberal

 Elected President

Kim Young-sam
Democratic Liberal

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1992, the second democratic elections since 1987. Voter turnout was 81.9%.[1]

Background

On 22 January 1990, two opposition leaders Kim Young-Sam and Kim Jong-Pil led their parties to merge into the ruling party Democratic Justice Party, and formed the Democratic Liberal Party, led by President Roh Tae-woo. Before they merged, Roh's party did not have a majority in the National Assembly. After they merged, they had over a two-thirds majority, which could pass bills without any obstruction from the opposition.

Kim Dae-Jung, an opponent in the 1987 election who finished third behind Kim Young-sam and Roh Tae-woo ran again in 1992.

In 1992, Hyundai businessman Chung Ju-yung also ran in the election.

Nominations

Democratic Liberal Party

The Democratic Liberal Party national convention was held on 19 May at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. 9-term lawmaker from Busan Kim Young-sam won the nomination, defeating 4-term lawmaker from Seoul Lee Jong-chan, who doesn't concede and runs as a third party candidate. Lee Jong-chan withdrew his campaign and endorsed RNP nominee Chung Ju-yung in December.[2]

3,331 delegates needed to win
Candidate Delegates %
Kim Young-sam 4,418 66.34
Lee Jong-chan 2,214 33.24
Invalid/blank votes 28 0.42
Total 6,660 100%
Abstentions 222 3.23

Democratic Party

The Democratic National Convention was held from 25 to 26 May at the Olympic Fencing Gymnasium. At the convention, Kim Dae-jung, 6-term lawmaker from South Jeolla, defeated Lee Ki-taek, 7-term lawmaker from Busan, and won the nomination.

Of 2,426 delegates present at the convention, 1,443 had been from Kim's faction and only 983 from Lee's, so Kim was thought as the presumptive nominee even before the convention began.[3]

1,170 delegates needed to win
Candidate Delegates %
Kim Dae-jung 1,413 60.18
Lee Ki-taek 925 39.40
Invalid/blank votes 10 0.43
Total 2,338 100%

Reunification Nationalist Party

At the RNP National Convention held on 15 May at the KOEX in Seoul, Chung Ju-yung was nominated for president by a yay-nay rising vote.[4]

Rising Vote
Candidate Delegates %
For Chung Ju-yung 1,727 99.37
Against 7 0.40
Abstention 4 0.23

Results

The right-wing conservative Democratic Liberal Party presidential candidate Kim Young-Sam won the presidential election, defeating opposition Democratic Party leader Kim Dae-Jung, marking the third time he had lost a presidential election. Kim later announced his retirement from politics.

The conservative party won the election continued to govern until 1997 when Kim Dae-Jung won the next presidential election.

Candidate Party Votes % of Votes
Kim Young-sam Democratic Liberal Party (민주자유당) 9,977,332 42.0%
Kim Dae-jung Democratic Party (민주당) 8,041,284 33.8%
Chung Ju-yung Reunification National Party (통일국민당) 3,880,067 16.3%
Park Chan-jong New Politics Reform Party (신정치개혁당) 1,516,047 6.4%
Baek Gi-Wan Independent 238,648 1.0%
Kim Ok-sun Independent 86,292 0.4%
Lee Byeong-ho Korean Justice Party 35,739 0.22%
Invalid ballots 319,761 0.6%
(Total electorate: 29,422,658 - Turnout rate: 81.9%) Total 24,095,170 100%
provinces · cities
Kim Young-sam
DLP		 Kim Dae-jung
DP		 Chung Ju-yung
RNP
Votes % Votes % Votes %
Seoul 2,167,298 36.4% 2,246,326 37.7% 1,070,629 18.0%
Busan 1,551,473 73.3% 265,055 12.5% 133,907 6.3%
Daegu 690,245 59.6% 90,641 7.8% 224,642 19.4%
Incheon 397,361 37.3% 338,538 31.7% 228,505 21.4%
Gwangju 14,504 2.1% 652,337 95.8% 8,085 1.2%
Daejeon 202,137 35.2% 165,067 28.7% 133,646 23.3%
Gyeonggi 1,254,025 36.3% 1,103,498 32.0% 798,356 23.1%
Gangwon 340,528 41.5% 127,265 15.5% 279,610 34.1%
Chungcheongbuk 281,678 38.3% 191,743 26.0% 175,767 23.4%
Chungcheongnam 351,789 36.9% 271,921 28.5% 240,400 25.2%
Jeollabuk 63,175 5.7% 991,483 89.1% 35,923 3.2%
Jeollanam 53,360 4.2% 1,170,398 92.2% 26,686 2.1%
Gyeongsangbuk 991,424 64.7% 147,440 9.6% 240,646 15.7%
Gyeongsangnam 1,514,043 72.3% 193,373 9.2% 241,135 11.5%
Jeju 104,292 40.0% 85,889 32.9% 42,130 16.1%

References

  1. ↑ Croissant, Aurel. "Electoral Politics in South Korea" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 266.
  2. ↑ 엄기영,백지연. "민자당 차기 대통령후보로 김영삼후보 결정[엄기영]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  3. ↑ "김대중후보 60.2% 득표, 이기택대표는 39.4% 얻어". mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  4. ↑ 엄기영,백지연. "국민당 정주영 후보, 만장일치로 대통령 후보에 선출[조동엽]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
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