Seoul Subway Line 1

Line 1
Overview
Native name 1호선（一號線）
Il Hoseon
Type Rapid transit/Suburban Rail
System Seoul Metropolitan Subway
Status Operational
Termini Soyosan
Incheon / Sinchang / Gwangmyeong / Seodongtan
Stations 97
Seoul Metro: 10
Korail: 87
Operation
Opened August 15, 1974
Operator(s) Seoul Metro & Korail
Technical
Line length 200.6 km (124.6 mi)
Seoul Metro: 7.8 km (4.8 mi)[1]
Korail: 192.8 km (119.8 mi)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Operating speed 100 km/h (62 mph)
Route map

Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a commuter rail service which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of this rail line is the oldest subway section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system; the entire rail line covers a large part of the Seoul Capital Area. The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni Station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)), is currently operated by Seoul Metro.[1] The line first opened in 1974 as the '''Korean National Railroad of Seoul''' with through services to national mainline railways from Seongbuk Station (now: Kwangwoon University Station) to Incheon and Suwon Stations.[2] At the time, the 7.8 km underground portion was run by Seoul Metro was called Line 1 and labeled red on maps. On the other hand, the remaining sections of the rail line run by Korail were labeled either blue or gray on maps, and the express lines were red. In 2000, the adjacent through-running Korail services from the Gyeongbu, Gyeongin and Gyeongwon Lines were officially bundled together as part of a greater Line 1, and the labeling on maps was changed to the current dark blue color. Commuter railway service was extended to Sinchang in December 2008.

Frequent service is provided between Soyosan, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu, Cheongnyangni, Seoul, Yongsan, and Guro, where trains split between Incheon in the west and Byeongjeom and Cheonan in the south. Express trains operate from Yongsan and Seoul Stations to Dongincheon and Sinchang stations.

Trains travel along Gyeongbu (Seoul-Cheonan), Gyeongin (Guro-Incheon), Janghang (Cheonan-Sinchang) and Gyeongwon (Hoegi-Soyosan) railway lines.

In June 2006, Jinwi and Jije Stations opened on the Gyeongbu Line. In January 2010 Dangjeong Station opened, between Gunpo and Uiwang Stations. Part of the Gyeongwon Line from Dongducheon (formerly Dongan) to Uijeongbu was merged into Line 1 in December 2006.

The line runs on the left-hand side of the track, as opposed to the right-hand side of the track like all of the other Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines do.[3]

Rapid (Express) trains

Korail operates a variety of express "rapid" (급행, 急行) trains for long distance commuter services on Line 1. These services include:

  • Gyeongin line express services from Yongsan to Dongincheon, operating express between Guro and Dongincheon, including:
    • Regular express services, introduced on January 29, 1999, following quadruple-tracking of the Gyeongin Line.
    • Faster limited express (특급) trains, introduced on July 7, 2017.
  • Gyeongbu line express services, including:
    • Yongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express services.
    • Seoul Station-Cheonan/Sinchang (green express), skipping all stations between Seoul Station and Geumcheon-gu Office Station, making intermediate stops at Anyang, Gunpo, and Uiwang, and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Suwon.
  • Gyeongwon line express services from Dongducheon (although several trains originate from Soyosan) to Incheon, operating express between Dongducheon and Kwangwoon University and run local between Incheon and Kwangwoon University.

Former express services include:

  • One late night Gyeongin line express service that originated at Soyosan, made all stops to Guro, then made express stops until Incheon.
  • Yeongdeungpo-Byeongjeom Gyeongbu line express service, skipping all stations between Yeongdeungpo and Anyang and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Anyang until Byeongjeom. This service was introduced on August 25, 2014 and was discontinued on December 9, 2016.
  • Two faster Yongsan-Sinchang limited express trains (one in each direction), introduced in 2013. This train only operated on weekends and holidays. It was discontinued on July 1, 2018.

Stations

Main Lines

GW: Gyeongwon (Dongducheon - Incheon) express
GI: Gyeongin (Yongsan - Dongincheon) express
GB: Gyeongbu red express
SC: Gyeongbu green (Seoul - Cheonan/Sinchang) limited stop

●stops at the station
｜does not stop at the station
▲stops in the morning only, both directions
○limited service
Station
Number
Station Name
English
Station Name
Hangul
Station Name
Hanja
GW
GI
GB
SC
Transfer
Line Name
Distance
in km
Total
Distance
Location
100
 Soyosan 소요산逍遙山
○
No service
No service
Gyeongwon Line
---
0.0
Gyeonggi-do
Dongducheon-si
101
 Dongducheon 동두천東豆川
●
2.5
2.5
102
 Bosan 보산保山
｜
1.6
4.1
103
 Dongducheon Jungang 동두천중앙東豆川中央
●
1.4
5.5
104
 Jihaeng 지행紙杏
｜
1.0
6.5
105
 Deokjeong 덕정德亭
●
5.6
12.1
Yangju-si
106
 Deokgye 덕계德溪
｜
2.9
15.0
107
 Yangju 양주楊州
●
5.3
20.3
108
 Nogyang 녹양綠揚
｜
1.6
21.9
Uijeongbu-si
109
 Ganeung 가능佳陵
｜
1.3
23.2
110
 Uijeongbu 의정부議政府
●
1.2
24.4
111
 Hoeryong 회룡回龍
●
  U 
1.6
26.0
112
 Mangwolsa 망월사望月寺
｜
1.4
27.4
113
 Dobongsan 도봉산道峰山
●
2.3
29.7
Seoul
Dobong-gu
114
 Dobong 도봉道峰
｜
1.2
30.9
115
 Banghak 방학放鶴
｜
1.3
32.2
116
 Chang-dong 창동倉洞
●
1.7
33.9
117
 Nokcheon 녹천鹿川
｜
1.0
34.9
118
 Wolgye 월계月溪
｜
1.4
36.3
Nowon-gu
119
 Kwangwoon Univ. 광운대光云大
●
  Gyeongchun 
1.1
37.4
120
 Seokgye 석계石溪
Makes all stops
1.1
38.5
121
 Sinimun 신이문新里門
1.4
39.9
Dongdaemun-gu
122
 Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies 외대앞外大앞
0.8
40.7
123
 Hoegi 회기回基  Gyeongui–​Jungang   Gyeongchun 
0.8
41.5
124
 Cheongnyangni 청량리淸凉里  Gyeongui–​Jungang   Gyeongchun 
Mugunghwa-ho and ITX-Saemaeul services
Seoul Metro Line 1
1.4
42.9
125
 Jegi-dong 제기동祭基洞
1.0
43.9
126
 Sinseol-dong 신설동新設洞 (Seongsu branch)  Ui 
0.9
44.8
127
 Dongmyo 동묘앞東廟앞
0.7
45.5
Jongno-gu
128
 Dongdaemun 동대문東大門
0.6
46.1
129
 Jongno 5(o)-ga 종로5가鍾路5街
0.8
46.9
130
 Jongno 3(sam)-ga 종로3가鍾路3街
0.9
47.8
131
 Jonggak 종각鐘閣
0.8
48.6
132
 City Hall 시청市廳
1.0
49.6
Jung-gu
133
 Seoul Station 서울역서울驛
●
  Gyeongui–​Jungang  (Seoul Station branch)
Mugunghwa-ho and ITX-Saemaeul services
1.1
50.7
134
 Namyeong 남영南營
｜
Gyeongbu Line
1.7
52.4
Yongsan-gu
135
 Yongsan 용산龍山
●
Makes all stops
｜
  Gyeongui–​Jungang 
Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services
1.5
53.9
136
 Noryangjin 노량진鷺梁津
●
｜
2.6
56.5
Dongjak-gu
137
 Daebang 대방大方
○
｜
1.5
58.0
Yeongdeungpo-gu
138
 Singil 신길新吉
○
｜
0.8
58.8
139
 Yeongdeungpo 영등포永登浦
○
▲ ↓ [4]
 Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services
(limited service)
1.0
59.8
140
 Sindorim 신도림新道林
●
｜
1.5
61.3
Guro-gu
141
 Guro 구로九老
●
｜
 (for Sinchang, Gwangmeong, or Seodongtan)
1.1
62.4
142
 Guil 구일九一
｜
No service
Gyeongin Line
1.4
63.8
143
 Gaebong 개봉開峰
○
1.0
64.8
144
 Oryu-dong 오류동梧柳洞
｜
1.3
66.1
145
 Onsu 온수溫水
｜
1.9
68.0
146
 Yeokgok 역곡驛谷
○
1.3
69.3
Gyeonggi-do
Bucheon-si
147
 Sosa 소사素砂
｜
  Seohae 
1.5
70.8
148
 Bucheon 부천富川
●
1.1
71.9
149
 Jung-dong 중동中洞
｜
1.7
73.6
150
 Songnae 송내松內
●
1.0
74.6
151
 Bugae 부개富開
｜
1.2
75.8
Incheon
Bupyeong-gu
152
 Bupyeong 부평富平
●
  Incheon 1 
1.5
77.3
153
 Baegun 백운白雲
｜
1.7
79.0
154
 Dongam 동암銅岩
○
1.5
80.5
155
 Ganseok 간석間石
｜
1.2
81.7
Michuhol-gu
156
 Juan 주안朱安
●
  Incheon 2 
1.2
82.9
157
 Dohwa 도화道禾
｜
1.0
83.9
158
 Jemulpo 제물포濟物浦
○
1.0
84.9
159
 Dowon 도원桃源
｜
1.4
86.3
Jung-gu
160
 Dongincheon 동인천東仁川
●
1.2
87.5
161
 Incheon 인천仁川
No service
  Suin 
1.9
89.4
141
 Guro 구로九老
●
●
●
｜
 (for Incheon)
Gyeongbu Line
1.1
62.4
Seoul
Guro-gu
P142
 Gasan Digital Complex 가산디지털단지加山디지털團地
No service
●
｜
2.4
64.8
Geumcheon-gu
P143
 Doksan 독산禿山
｜
｜
2.0
66.8
P144
 Geumcheon-gu Office 금천구청衿川區廳
｜
●
 (for Gwangmyeong)
1.2
68.0
P145
 Seoksu 석수石水
｜
｜
2.3
70.3
Gyeonggi-do
Anyang-si
P146
 Gwanak 관악冠岳
｜
｜
1.9
72.2
P147
 Anyang 안양安養
○
●
 Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)
2.4
74.6
P148
 Myeonghak 명학鳴鶴
｜
｜
2.2
76.8
P149
 Geumjeong 금정衿井
｜
｜
1.4
78.2
Gunpo-si
P150
 Gunpo 군포軍浦
｜
●
2.2
80.4
P151
 Dangjeong 당정堂井
｜
｜
1.2
81.6
P152
 Uiwang 의왕義王
｜
●
3.0
84.6
Uiwang-si
P153
 Sungkyunkwan Univ. 성균관대成均館大
｜
▲
2.9
87.5
Suwon-si
P154
 Hwaseo 화서華西
｜
｜
2.6
90.1
P155
 Suwon 수원水原
●
  Bundang 
Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services
(limited service)
2.1
92.2
P156
 Seryu 세류細柳
｜
2.9
95.1
P157
 Byeongjeom 병점餅店
○
●
 (for Seodongtan)
4.3
99.4
Hwaseong-si
P158
 Sema 세마洗馬
｜
2.4
101.8
Osan-si
P159
 Osan College 오산대烏山大
｜
2.7
104.5
P160
 Osan 오산烏山
○
●
 Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)
2.7
107.2
P161
 Jinwi 진위振威
｜
4.0
111.2
Pyeongtaek-si
P162
 Songtan 송탄松炭
｜
3.8
115.0
P163
 Seojeong-ri 서정리西井里
○
●
 Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)
2.2
117.2
P164
 Jije 지제芝制
｜
 Suseo HSR
4.8
122.0
P165
 Pyeongtaek 평택平澤
●
 Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho (limited service), and ITX-Saemaeul (limited service) services
125.7
P166
 Seonghwan 성환成歡
○
●
 Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)
9.4
135.1
Chungcheong
nam-do
Cheonan-si
P167
 Jiksan 직산稷山
｜
5.4
140.5
P168
 Dujeong 두정斗井
●
3.8
144.3
P169
 Cheonan 천안天安
●
 Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services
3.0
147.3
P170
 Bongmyeong 봉명鳳鳴
Makes all stops (limited service)
Janghang Line
1.5
148.8
P171
 Ssangyong 쌍용雙龍
1.5
150.3
P172
 Asan 아산牙山 Mugunghwa-ho and Saemaeul-ho services
1.5
151.8
Asan-si
P174
 Baebang 배방排芳
4.9
156.7
P176
 Onyangoncheon 온양온천溫陽溫泉 Mugunghwa-ho and Saemaeul-ho services
4.9
161.6
P177
 Sinchang 신창新昌
5.1
166.7

Yeongdeungpo - Gwangmyeong shuttle service

Station
Number
Station Name
English
Station Name
Hangul
Station Name
Hanja
Transfer
Line Name
Distance
in km
Total
Distance
Location
P144
 Geumcheon-gu Office 금천구청衿川區廳 (for Sinchang or Seodongtan)
Gyeongbu high-speed railway
1.2
68.0
Seoul
Geumcheon-gu
P144-1
 Gwangmyeong 광명光明
4.7
72.7
Gyeonggi-do
Gwangmyeong-si

Byeongjeom Depot spur service

Station
Number
Station Name
English
Station Name
Hangul
Station Name
Hanja
Transfer
Distance
in km
Total
Distance
Location
P157
 Byeongjeom 병점餠店 (for Sinchang)
4.3
99.4
Gyeonggi-do
Hwaseong-si
P157-1
 Seodongtan 서동탄西東灘
2.2
101.6
Osan-si

Historical Timeline

Seoul Subway map in the early 1980s, which shows the Korail-managed portions of Line 1 in blue and its underground portion as red.

1974

August 15: Line 1 is officially opened with 9 stations from Seoul to Cheongnyangni (7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)),[1] creating a system of 28 stations (excluding the 9 metro stations) on national railroads from Seongbuk Station (now: Kwangwoon University Station, the then-northern terminus) to Incheon Station and Suwon Station. Korail is named Korean National Railroad, with Line 1 just referring to the Seoul–Cheongnyangni section.

1978

December 9: The Gyeongwon Line from Yongsan to Seongbuk opens as a new branch, with Ichon and Seongsu (now part of the Jungang Line).

1979

February 1: Yuljeon Station is opened.

1980

January 5: Sinimun Station is opened.
April 1: Seobinggo, Hannam and Hoegi (now part of the Jungang Line) are opened.
July 10: Seongsu is renamed Eungbong Station

1982

August 2: Seoksu Station is opened.

1984

January 1: Yuljeon Station is renamed Seongdae-ap Station.
May 22: Sindorim Station is opened.
November 20: Baegun Station is opened.

1985

January 14: Seokgye Station is opened.
April 20: Chang-dong is opened as a northward extension.
August 22: Wolgye and Nokcheon are opened.
October 18: Oksu Station (now part of the Jungang Line) is opened.

1986

September 2: 6 stations from Uijeongbu to Chang-dong are opened as a northward extension.

1987

October 5: Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is opened.
December 31: Jung-dong Station is opened.

1988

January 16: Onsu Station is opened.
October 25: The Ansan Line is opened as a southward branch, from Geumjeong Station to Ansan Station.

1994

July 11: Ganseok and Dowon are opened.
December 1: Seongdae-ap Station is renamed to Sungkyunkwan University.

1995

February 16: Guil Station is opened.

1996

January 1: Hwigyeong Station is renamed to Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Station
March 28: Bugae Station is opened.

1997

April 30: Sosa Station is opened.

1998

January 7: Singil and Doksan are opened.

2000

Korea National Railroad and Line 1 are integrated as Seoul (Metropolitan) Subway Line 1.

2001

November 30: Dohwa Station is opened.

2003

April 30: Seryu and Byeongjeom are opened as a southward extension. The Ansan Line service is replaced with an extended Seoul Subway Line 4.

2004

August 25: Bugok Station is renamed Uiwang Station.

2005

January 20: 8 stations from Byeongjeom to Cheonan are opened as another southward extension.
December 16: The Gyeongwon Line branch from Yongsan Station to Hoegi Station and the Jungang Line from Hoegi Station to Deokso Station open and are renamed to the separate Yongsan-Deokso Line. This service was the predecessor to the current Jungang Line.
December 21: Dongmyo Station is opened.
December 27: Sema and Osan College Stations are opened.

2006

June 30: Jinwi and Jije Stations are opened.
July 1: Garibong Station is renamed to Gasan Digital Complex.
December 15: 8 stations from Soyosan to Uijeongbu Bukbu are opened as a northward extension. A spur line to Gwangmyeong Station is created. Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is renamed to Ganeung.

2007

December 28: Deokgye Station is opened.

2008

December: 6 stations from Cheonan to Sinchang are opened as another southward extension. Siheung Station is renamed to Geumcheon-gu Office.

2010

January 21: Dangjeong Station is opened.
February 26: Seodongtan Station is opened.

2015

February 3: Gaebong and Jemulpo start serving Gyeongin express trains.

2017

July 6: A new Limited express was launched between Yongsan and Dongincheon stations.

Future Plans

Line 1 will be extended northward from Soyosan Station to Yeoncheon Station on the Gyeongwon Line, replacing the current "'Tonggeun" service operating there. Construction on this extension began in September 2014 and is expected to be completed somewhere in 2019.

Rolling stock

Current

Seoul Metro

  • Seoul Metro 1000 series
    • Rheostat-controlled electric car (rebuilt cars) - since 1989
    • VVVF inverter-controlled electric car - since 1999

Korail

Former

Seoul Metro

  • Seoul Metro 1000 series
    • Rheostat-controlled electric car (1st batch) (from 1974 until 2002)

Korail

Depots and facilities

(from north to south)

  • Majeon signal box between Deokye and Yangju Stations
  • Chang-dong Depot (shared with Line 4)
  • Seongbuk Depot
  • Imun Depot
  • Guro Depot
  • Siheung Depot (actually after Oido Station on Line 4, also used for heavy maintenance of Line 1 trains owned by Korail, accessed by a crossover located after Geumjeong Station)
  • Byeongjeom Depot

Seoul Subway Line 1 is the setting and inspiration for the Korean rock musical, Line number 1 (Musical), by Hakchon Theater troupe based on the German musical, Linie 1 by Volker Ludwig.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 지하철건설현황 [Status of Subway Construction] (in Korean). Seoul City Government. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  2. ↑ "Seoul's first subway line opened in 1974". Korea Times. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  3. ↑ (in Korean) <오후여담>좌측통행, Munhwailbo
  4. ↑ Only northbound trains stop due to the lack of high-level platforms for southbound express trains
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