Rubidium azide
Names | |
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IUPAC name
rubidium(1+);azide | |
Other names
Rubidium azide | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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PubChem CID |
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Properties | |
RbN3 | |
Molar mass | 127.49 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless needles[1] |
Density | 2.79 g/cm3[1][2] |
Melting point | 317–321 °C (603–610 °F; 590–594 K)[2][3] |
Boiling point | Decomposes |
107.1 g/100 g (16°C) 114.1 g/100 g (17°C)[4] | |
Solubility | 0.182 g/100 g (16°C, ethanol)[4] |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH |
-0.1 kcal·mol−1[2] |
Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Rubidium nitrate |
Other cations |
Lithium azide Sodium azide Potassium azide Silver azide Ammonium azide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Infobox references | |
Rubidium azide is an inorganic compound with the formula RbN3. Owing to being an azide, it is explosive.[3]
Preparation
Rubidium azide can be created by the reaction between rubidium sulfate and barium azide:[4]
In at least one study, rubidium azide was produced by the reaction between butyl nitrite, hydrazine monohydrate, and rubidium hydroxide:
This formula is typically used to synthesize potassium azide from caustic potash.[5]
Uses
Rubidium azide is currently being investigated for possible use in alkali vapor cells, mainly because it decomposes into rubidium metal and nitrogen gas when exposed to UV light. According to the team who wrote the research paper:
Among the different techniques used to fill microfabricated alkali vapor cell [sic], UV decomposition of rubidium azide (RbN3) into metallic Rb and nitrogen in Al2O3 coated cells is a very promising approach for low-cost wafer-level fabrication.[6]
Structure
At room temperature, rubidium azide has the same structure as potassium hydrogen fluoride; a distorted cesium chloride structure. At 315 °C and 1 atm, rubidium azide will transition to the normal cesium chloride structure. The II/I transition temperature of rubidium azide is within 2 °C of its melting point.[3]
Rubidium azide has a high pressure structure transition, which occurs at about 4.8 kilobars of pressure at 0 °C. The transition boundary of the II/III transition can be defined by the relationship , where is the pressure in kilobars and is the temperature in degrees Celsius.[3]
Reactions
As with all azides, it will decompose and release nitrogen gas when heated or severely shocked:
Hazards
At 4.1 kilobars of pressure and about 460 °C, rubidium azide will explosively decompose.[3] Under normal circumstances, it explodes at 395 °C.[2] It also decomposes upon exposure to ultraviolet light.[6]
Rubidium azide is very sensitive to mechanical shock, with an impact sensitivity comparable to that of TNT.[7]
Like all azides, rubidium azide is toxic.
Notes
References
- 1 2 Perry, Dale. Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. Online. p. 333. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Hart, William; Beumel, O. F.; Whaley, Thomas (22 October 2013). The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Online: Pergamon Press. p. 438. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Pistorius, Carl W. F. T. (27 December 1968). "Phase Diagrams to High Pressures of the Univalent Azides Belonging to the Space Group D 4hI8-14/mcm" (PDF). Online. pp. 1, 4–5. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 Hála, Jiri. "IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 79. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Pseudohalides" (PDF). nist.gov. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- ↑ Ogden, J. Steven; Dyke, John M.; Levason, William; Ferrante, Francesco; Gagliardi, Laura. "The Characterisation of Molecular Alkali-Metal Azides" (PDF). Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- 1 2 Karlen, Sylvain; Gobet, Jean; Overstolz, Thomas; Haesler, Jacques; Lecomte, Steve (26 January 2017). "Lifetime assessment of RbN3-filled MEMS atomic vapor cells with Al2O3 coating" (PDF). Optics Express. 25 (3): 2187–2194. doi:10.1364/OE.25.002187. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ↑ Babu, K. Ramesh; Vaitheeswaran, G. "Structure, elastic and dynamical properties of KN3 and RbN3: A van der Waals density functional study". Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
Salts and covalent derivatives of the azide ion | |||||||||||||||||||
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HN3 | He | ||||||||||||||||||
LiN3 | Be(N3)2 | B(N3)3 | CH3N3, C(N3)4 |
N(N3)3,H2N—N3 | O | FN3 | Ne | ||||||||||||
NaN3 | Mg(N3)2 | Al(N3)3 | Si(N3)4 | P | SO2(N3)2 | ClN3 | Ar | ||||||||||||
KN3 | Ca(N3)2 | Sc(N3)3 | Ti(N3)4 | VO(N3)3 | Cr(N3)3, CrO2(N3)2 |
Mn(N3)2 | Fe(N3)3 | Co(N3)2, Co(N3)3 |
Ni(N3)2 | CuN3, Cu(N3)2 |
Zn(N3)2 | Ga(N3)3 | Ge | As | Se(N3)4 | BrN3 | Kr | ||
RbN3 | Sr(N3)2 | Y | Zr(N3)4 | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru(N3)63− | Rh(N3)63− | Pd(N3)2 | AgN3 | Cd(N3)2 | In | Sn | Sb | Te | IN3 | Xe(N3)2 | ||
CsN3 | Ba(N3)2 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir(N3)63− | Pt(N3)62− | Au(N3)4− | Hg2(N3)2, Hg(N3)2 |
TlN3 | Pb(N3)2 | Bi(N3)3 |
Po | At | Rn | |||
Fr | Ra(N3)2 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |||
↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
La | Ce(N3)3, Ce(N3)4 |
Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd(N3)3 | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||||
Ac | Th | Pa | UO2(N3)2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |