Rubén Oseguera González

Rubén Oseguera González
Born (1990-02-14) February 14, 1990
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Other names El Menchito
Rubén Garibay González
Employer Jalisco New Generation Cartel
Criminal status Imprisoned
Relatives Abigael González Valencia (uncle)
Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (father)

Rubén Oseguera González (born February 14, 1990), commonly referred to by his alias El Menchito, is a U.S.-born Mexican suspected drug lord and former high-ranking leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco. He is the son of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. Under his father, he allegedly worked as the CJNG's second-in-command and managed international drug trafficking operations.

He was first arrested in January 2014 in Jalisco, but was released in October for lack of evidence and re-arrested immediately as he walked out of prison. He was then released again in December after a judge considered the evidence against him as insufficient. In June 2015, Oseguera González was arrested again, released a month later, and re-arrested as his release order was made official. He is imprisoned at Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 13, a maximum-security prison in Oaxaca.

Early life and career

Rubén Oseguera González was born on February 14, 1990, in San Francisco County, California.[1][2] He also holds Mexican citizenship.[3] His mother, Rosalinda González Valencia, is the sister of Abigael González Valencia, a former leader of the Milenio Cartel and Los Cuinis.[4] His father, Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), is the leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) and one of Mexico's most-wanted men.[5] Oseguera González has two sisters, Jessica Johana and Laisha.[6]

He also has several aliases, including "Rubén Garibay González", "El Junior", "El Rubencito", "El Rojo", "El Niño", and "El Menchito".[7][8] His last nickname is a diminutive of his father's nickname El Mencho, which comes from the phonetic derivation of his name Nemesio.[2]

According to Mexican government sources, Oseguera González acted as the CJNG's second-in-command, just below his father.[9] He was allegedly responsible for managing the CJNG's operations in buying and selling narcotics from South America to Mexico.[10] He was also accused of coordinating stolen gasoline sales in Jalisco, leading a group of hitmen who killed people who refused to work with the CJNG, overseeing a line of hitmen responsible for protecting CJNG's turf in Jalisco and Colima from rival gangs like the Knights Templar Cartel and Los Zetas, and managing the CJNG's financial assets.[11][12]

2014 arrest

Since 2013, Mexican authorities were investigating a public telephone booth line and two cellphones linked with high-ranking leaders of the CJNG. According to intelligence reports, one of the mobile lines received a call from the public booth line from a neighborhood Jardines Universidad in Zapopan, Jalisco, prompting an investigation. The Mexican Army asked the Criminal Investigation Agency (AIC) branch of the Office of the General Prosecutor (PGR) to investigate the neighborhood and the two mobile lines more closely. The Army began to dispatch undercover agents to monitor the neighborhood. On the evening of January 29, 2014, one of the mobile phones was located through geolocation at a neighborhood in Zapopan before it went out of service. The Army and the Navy decided to send a Special Forces unit from Mexico City to Zapopan to investigate the incident.[13]

At 3:30 a.m. CT on January 30, the Special Forces unit raided a residence in neighborhood Patria Universidad and discovered Oseguera González sleeping there.[13][14] As the authorities took down the doors, Oseguera González woke up from the loud noise and jumped from his bed, ran to his backyard, and climbed the back wall to reach his neighbor's property. However, the Special Forces unit successfully surrounded the premises and reduced Oseguera González's escape options. He eventually submitted and was arrested in his neighbor's backyard. Two of his henchmen surrendered at the door without resisting arrest. Two others, who were renting a nearby house, fled on foot but were arrested too.[13] Oseguera González reportedly offered the officers who detained him around MXN$17 million to let him go.[15] Authorities confirmed that they confiscated between MXN$10 to $16 million and USD$500,000 at the crime scene, as well as 4 assault rifles, 9 handguns, a grenade, and several rounds of ammunition.[16][17] Former Attorney General of Mexico Jesús Murillo Karam confirmed to the press that no gunshots were fired in the operation.[18]

Oseguera González was flown that day to Mexico City and taken to the SEIDO, Mexico's anti-organized crime investigatory agency, where he gave his statement and was interrogated by law enforcement.[19] Government sources confirmed that he had no pending formal investigations or arrest warrants issued against him in Jalisco.[20] On February 1, Oseguera González was taken to Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1 (also known as "Altiplano"), a maximum-security prison in Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico.[21][22] Authorities confirmed that he was arrested because of pending charges of money laundering, drug trafficking, and illegal possession of weapons of military-exclusive use.[23] Oseguera González pleaded not guilty and claimed that he worked in construction and was a car salesperson since he was 16 years old. He also claimed that he inherited properties from his mother after she bought them when he was younger and put them under his name.[24]

In response to the military operation that resulted in Oseguera González's arrest, CJNG gunmen hijacked three buses and set them on fire throughout the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. No deaths or injuries were reported. The U.S. consulate in Guadalajara sent a warning to U.S. citizens in the city and asked them not to travel in the southern part of the urban area, including the main roads leading to the Guadalajara International Airport.[25] Once the attacks concluded, the Mexican government asked civilians to remain calm and resume their daily activities.[26] Authorities stated that they would remain on alert throughout the Guadalajara area for other violent responses from organized crime.[27]

Releases

On October 16, 2014, Oseguera González was released from Altiplano,[28] but he was re-arrested immediately as he walked out of prison by members of the AIC. He was released because a judge from the State of Mexico absolved him from the following crimes: illegal possession of firearms, having weapons of military-exclusive use, use of resources from illicit origins, and crimes against public health. Once in custody, he was then taken to the SEIDO installations and imprisoned there for two months while the PGR worked on getting his jurisdiction to open a trial against him. On December 18, he was sent to the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 2 (also known as "Puente Grande"), a maximum-security prison in Jalisco.[29][30]

On December 26, Oseguera González was released from prison again after a judge concluded that there was insufficient evidence against him for the charges of drug trafficking, overseeing the CJNG's financial operations, and leading a group of hitmen.[lower-alpha 1][31]

2015 arrest

On June 23, 2015, Oseguera González was arrested again by the Mexican Army and the Federal Police in the Lomas de Altamira neighborhood in Zapopan, Jalisco, this time along with his brother-in-law Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez.[32][33] The operation lasted about 20 minutes and no shots were fired. The officers entered the private neighborhood in several vehicles at around 2:15 a.m. CT and subdued the entrance guard. They then shot the security cameras with paintball guns to obscure them, destroyed several others, and asked the guard to cut the electricity power in the vicinity. As they were in the entrance booth of the neighborhood, the telephone ran but none of them answered. The guard was then asked to kneel down while the officers entered the neighborhood and apprehended Oseguera González, who was inside a vehicle with Rodríguez Castillo. Authorities confiscated several weapons, including 2 customized AR-15 assault rifles engraved with the insignias "CJNG 02 JR" and "Menchito".[34][35]

According to government sources, Oseguera González was trying keep a low profile and had undergone a nose surgery to alter his identity.[lower-alpha 2][37] He travelled without bodyguards to avoid attracting attention from law enforcement.[38] The government officially confirmed his identity through DNA and physical tests, and photo evidence.[39][40]

At the time of his arrest, he was wanted for organized crime involvement, using resources from illicit origins (money laundering), and kidnapping. The government alleged that when Oseguera González was released from prison the year before, he rejoined the CJNG and began managing their international drug trafficking operations. Once in custody, he was sent to Mexico City and transferred to the SEIDO installations, where he gave his formal declaration.[41] As Oseguera González arrived at the SEIDO via helicopter, a Blackhawk Federal Police helicopter with snipers guarded the premises.[42]

On June 27, a federal judge in Toluca issued an arrest warrant for Oseguera González. He was then transferred to Altiplano prison.[43] Oseguera González's defense argued that their client was detained on illegal grounds because some of the charges he was arrested for were absolved by a judge before, thus causing double jeopardy. The PGR countered this argument by saying that the judge's actions did not mean an absolute resolution from the charges imposed.[44]

Release and re-arrest

On July 1, 2015, a federal judge from the State of Mexico ordered Oseguera González's release after concluding that the evidence against him was insufficient and that his due process had been violated.[45] The judge stated that when Oseguera González was arrested in June, the officers did not have an arrest warrant against him and entered his private property without legal authorization. He also stated that the detainee was in custody for 9 hours and without a lawyer before he was sent to the justice department. When the judge considered that authorities had failed to prove that Oseguera González was involved in organized crime, he was released. This was the third time he had been released in less than a year.[30][46] However, as Oseguera González was walked out of Altiplano, he was re-arrested by the PGR, who had a pending arrest warrant against him.[47][48] According to government sources, he was wanted for organized crime involvement and for participating in the disappearance of two individuals in Tepalcatepec, Michoacán. He was sent again to the SEIDO installations by helicopter and escorted by an armed Blackhawk helicopter.[30]

On July 3, a federal court approved the PGR's request to keep Oseguera González under a 40-day preventative detention while authorities work on gathering more evidence against the defense. The request was carried out as part of an investigation by the SEIDO against Oseguera González for his alleged participation in kidnapping.[49] Oseguera González's defense, however, responded by issuing a writ of amparo in hopes of preventing their client from being detained without charges being filed.[50] A judge denied the defense's request to remove their client's preventative detention on July 16.[51]

On August 12, a federal judge approved the PGR's request to extend Oseguera González's preventative detention for 40 additional days in order to allow authorities to continue working on gathering evidence against the defense.[52] Later that day, the PGR decided to remove his preventative detention after considering that they had found enough evidence against him. On August 13, he was issued an arrest warrant and transferred to Altiplano prison on organized crime and bribery charges. The kidnapping charges were suspended.[53][54] Oseguera González was also investigated for his alleged participation in the murder of four people at a restaurant in Zapopan in May 17, 2013.[55] According to the detainees, Oseguera González planned the attack.[56]

On August 28, 2015, a federal court issued an arrest warrant against Oseguera González and charged him with illegal possession of firearms, using ammunition of exclusive military use, having five weapons of exclusive military use, and organized crime involvement.[lower-alpha 3][58] In October, Oseguera González was transferred from Altiplano to Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 3 (also known as "Noreste") in Matamoros, Tamaulipas. He issued a writ of amparo after claiming that he endured mistreatment and torture.[4] That same month, the PGR opened another case and issued another arrest warrant to charge Oseguera González for acting as the CJNG's second-in-command and ordering homicides against rival drug members. They also stated that he was responsible for coordinating international drug trafficking shipments. The evidence presented to the court consisted of intelligence reports gathered by law enforcement and lawyers.[59] On November 4, a federal court charged Oseguera González with drug trafficking along with five other suspected CJNG members.[60]

Oseguera González issued another writ of amparo in early 2016 to request a transfer back to Altiplano. In February 2016, however, he was transferred to Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 13 in Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca. His defense responded by preparing a writ of amparo for the supposed violations against their client.[61][62] On June 30, the PGR via a federal judge in Toluca issued an arrest warrant against Oseguera González and charged him with illegal possession of firearms, using ammunition of military-exclusive weapons, being in possession of at least five military-exclusive weapons, and organized crime involvement.[63]

On August 22, the writ of amparo for mistreatment and torture issued months before was struck down by a judge after he spoke with the prison staff, who denied their involvement in such violations.[64] On November 10, a judge approved Oseguera González's request to receive a conjugal visit. The defendant claimed that he was limited by the prison staff from speaking to his lawyers in the past. The judge did not comment on this matter.[65]

On February 3, 2017, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia issued an arrest warrant against Oseguera González. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) stated that he had been involved in importing and distributing narcotics from Mexico to the U.S. since 2011. The DEA stated that Oseguera González had several other aliases, including "Rubencito", "El Rojo", "El Ruso", and "El Niño". According to the report, the United States Department of Justice was going to seize all of Oseguera González assets in the U.S. that were a result of his drug proceeds. With the arrest warrant, the U.S. government could formally request his extradition to the U.S.[66]

On February 21, a court approved Oseguera González's writ of amparo and invalidated his formal imprisonment for organized crime charges. The judge concluded that the charges had several flaws and the evidence presented was insufficient. According to the court, Oseguera González's organized crime charges were based on the testimonies of two Federal Police officers, who described to investigators that he was part of the leadership structure of the CJNG. The judge did not consider this evidence sufficient because the police did not establish how or where they got this information.[67]

The PGR submitted the weapons seized during Oseguera González's arrests, and a cap with the insignias of the CJNG that Oseguera González had in his possession when he was taken into custody, as evidence of his alleged involvement in organized crime. They also mentioned his biological relationship with his father and the fact that two alleged members of the CJNG told investigators that Oseguera González worked below him as evidence. The judge did not agree that the weapons and the cap proved Oseguera González's militancy in the CJNG. The judge also dismissed the two testimonies of the alleged CJNG members because they gave conflicting assertions when investigators showed them a picture of Oseguera González and asked them to identify him.[68] Oseguera González was not released from prison because he had four additional pending charges that were not invalidated by the court.[69]

See also

Sources

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Another source states that a judge ordered his release on January 1, 2015.[30]
  2. ↑ Another source stated that it was unclear if Oseguera González had done the surgery to alter his appearance.[36]
  3. ↑ A detainee in possession of at least five weapons of exclusive use from the Mexican Armed Forces is charged with acopio de armas.[57]

References

  1. ↑ "Rubén Oseguera González (Born 1990)". California Birth Index. Archived from the original on March 10, 2017.
  2. 1 2 "De Menchito no tenía nada, conoce al mando del CJNG". Excélsior (in Spanish). July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015.
  3. ↑ Vicenteño, David (July 1, 2015). "PGR retiene a 'El Menchito' después de su liberación". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 2, 2015.
  4. 1 2 Huerta, Juan Carlos (October 22, 2015). "Familiares de 'El Mencho' se amparan; temen detenciones". El Financiero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, alias 'El Mencho'". InSight Crime. May 21, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015.
  6. ↑ "¿Quién es el Mencho?" (in Spanish). El Debate de Sinaloa. May 4, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015.
  7. ↑ Martínez, Jorge (January 20, 2017). "Dan amparo a 'El Menchito' por falta de elementos" (in Spanish). Milenio. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Desata rabia y violencia detención de 'El Menchito'" (in Spanish). Zócalo Saltillo. January 31, 2014. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.
  9. ↑ De Gracia, Agustín (January 31, 2014). "Detienen a Rubén Oseguera, cabecilla del narcotráfico en México". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  10. ↑ "El Menchito, el hijo del capo que incendió Jalisco". Milenio (in Spanish). June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016.
  11. ↑ Baranda, Antonio (January 30, 2014). "Cercó 'Menchito' Jalisco y Colima" (in Spanish). El Diaro de Juárez. Publicaciones e Impresos Paso Del Norte, S. de R.L. de C.V. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  12. ↑ Wells, Miriam (January 31, 2014). "Mexico Captures CJNG Leader, Investigates Links With Vigilantes". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on March 2, 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 Barajas, Abel (May 4, 2014). "La caída del 'Menchito'". El Norte (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Detienen en México al hijo del presunto líder del cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación" (in Spanish). CNN en Español. Turner Broadcasting System. January 30, 2014. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016.
  15. ↑ Monzon, Tomas (June 23, 2015). "'El Menchito' second-in-command of Mexican cartel captured". United Press International. Archived from the original on June 25, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Confirman cinco detenidos en operativo en Zapopan". El Informador (in Spanish). January 1, 2014. Archived from the original on January 31, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Sin disparos, detención de 'El Menchito' en Zapopan". Milenio (in Spanish). January 1, 2014. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015.
  18. ↑ Martínez, Jorge (January 31, 2014). "Cae El Menchito; proveía de armas a las autodefensas". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 2, 2014.
  19. ↑ Otero, Silvia (February 1, 2014). "Ingresa a SEIDO hijo del líder de Cártel de Jalisco". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  20. ↑ Osorio, Alberto; Cobián, Felipe (January 30, 2014). "El Menchito, no era buscado ni investigado en Jalisco". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  21. ↑ "PGR consigna a 'El Menchito' al penal del Altiplano". Excélsior (in Spanish). February 1, 2014. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015.
  22. ↑ Vicenteño, David (May 4, 2014). "Traiciones llevan a la captura de 'El Menchito'". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 6, 2015.
  23. ↑ Jiménez, Benito (June 27, 2015). "Trasladan a 'El Menchito' al Altiplano". El Norte (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  24. ↑ Huerta Vásquez, Juan Carlos (January 15, 2016). "El Menchito, un desafío para la PGR". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 1, 2017.
  25. ↑ Zamarroni Martínez, Ulises (January 30, 2014). "Emite Consulado de EU alerta por ataques en Jalisco". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Vigilan Zapopan tras captura del Menchito" (in Spanish). Azteca Noticias. Notimex. January 30, 2014. Archived from the original on March 7, 2014.
  27. ↑ Zamarrón, Israel (January 30, 2014). "El Menchito ya declara ante la SEIDO" (in Spanish). 24 Horas. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  28. ↑ "Detienen a 'El Menchito', hijo del líder del Cártel Jalisco". Diario de Morelos (in Spanish). June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on January 28, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Libre dos veces 'El Menchito'". Zeta (in Spanish). January 3, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Yánez, Israel; Garduño, Javier (July 2, 2015). "Liberan a El Menchito, pero lo vuelven a retener" (in Spanish). 24 Horas. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  31. ↑ "'El Menchito' sale de prisión por 'falta de pruebas'". El Informador (in Spanish). January 3, 2015. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015.
  32. ↑ Vicenteño, David; Flores, Raúl (June 23, 2015). "Recapturan a 'El Menchito', hijo del líder del Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 29, 2015.
  33. ↑ Mosso, Rubén (July 7, 2015). "A 'El Menchito' lo agarraron porque 'no le avisaron a tiempo'". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 1, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Militares encapuchados capturaron a 'El Menchito'". El Informador (in Spanish). June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Capturan a El Menchito, uno de los líderes del cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación" (in Spanish). Univision. June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  36. ↑ Castillo, E. Eduardo (June 24, 2015). "Son of alleged drug-cartel chief arrested in Mexico". Boston Globe (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 25, 2015.
  37. ↑ Tucker, Duncan (July 2, 2015). "Mexico Captures, Releases, Then Recaptures 'El Menchito,' Son of Powerful Drug Lord". VICE. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015.
  38. ↑ Flores Rodríguez, Omar (June 24, 2015). "Detienen al Menchito, hijo del líder del CJNG". La Crónica de Hoy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  39. ↑ Muedano, Marcos (June 23, 2015). "Realizan pruebas para confirmar identidad de 'El Menchito'". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 12, 2015.
  40. ↑ Muedano, Marcos (June 23, 2015). "Confirma gobierno identidad de hijo de líder del CJNG". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 12, 2015.
  41. ↑ Muedano, Marcos (June 23, 2015). "El Menchito se habría operado la nariz: Rubido". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 12, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Llega 'El Menchito' a la SEIDO" (in Spanish). El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo. July 1, 2015. Archived from the original on August 21, 2015.
  43. ↑ "Consignan al Altiplano a El Menchito" (in Spanish). 24 Horas. June 27, 2015. Archived from the original on August 23, 2015.
  44. ↑ Méndez, Alfredo; Martínez, Fabiola (June 24, 2015). "Detienen de nuevo a El Menchito, hijo del líder del cártel Jalisco Nueva generación". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 27, 2015.
  45. ↑ Jaramillo, Abraham (July 1, 2015). "La PGR recaptura a 'el Menchito' por nuevos cargos" (in Spanish). CNN. Expansión (Mexico). Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  46. ↑ Garduño, Javier; Rodríguez, José Víctor (June 14, 2015). "Capturan a El Menchito por tercera vez en año y medio" (in Spanish). Diario 24 Horas. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015.
  47. ↑ Gonzalez Covarrubias, Jennifer (July 1, 2015). "Mexico drug lord's son freed, and arrested again". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  48. ↑ Tabory, Sam (July 2, 2015). "Mexico Courts Can't Agree on 'El Menchito' Case". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on August 4, 2015.
  49. ↑ Flores Martínez, Raúl (July 3, 2015). "Arraigan a Rubén Oseguera El Menchito por 40 días". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  50. ↑ Alzaga, Ignacio (July 7, 2015). "El Menchito solicita amparo contra arraigo". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  51. ↑ Fierro, Juan Omar (July 16, 2015). "Niegan suspender arraigo a Menchito". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  52. ↑ Mosso, Rubén (August 12, 2015). "Arraigan 40 días más a 'El Menchito'". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  53. ↑ "Consignan a 'el Menchito'; es trasladado al penal del Altiplano" (in Spanish). Animal Político. August 13, 2015. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  54. ↑ Barajas, Abel (August 13, 2015). "Consignan al 'Menchito' en el Altiplano" (in Spanish). Reforma. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  55. ↑ "La PGR consigna, de nuevo, a 'El Menchito'" (in Spanish). El Siglo de Durango. August 14, 2015. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  56. ↑ Mosso, Rubén (July 6, 2015). "Magistrado está bajo sospecha por el caso 'Menchito'". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  57. ↑ "Acopio de Armas" (PDF) (in Spanish). Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. October 1994. p. 273. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2017.
  58. ↑ "Decretan auto de formal prisión a 'El Menchito'". El Informador (in Spanish). August 28, 2015. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Abren nuevo proceso contra 'El Menchito'". El Informador (in Spanish). October 24, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Dictan nuevo auto de formal prisión contra 'El Menchito'". El Informador (in Spanish). November 4, 2015. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017.
  61. ↑ Huerta Vázquez, Juan Carlos (March 29, 2016). "Mandan a El Menchito a Oaxaca sin avisar" (in Spanish). El Diario de Guadalajara. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
  62. ↑ "Cumplimenta la PGR orden de aprehensión contra El Menchito". Excélsior (in Spanish). July 30, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016.
  63. ↑ "PGR finca nuevos cargos 'al Menchito' segundo al mando del CJNG". El Financiero (in Spanish). June 30, 2016. Archived from the original on March 15, 2017.
  64. ↑ "'El Menchito' desiste de amparo por tortura". El Informador (in Spanish). August 22, 2016. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017.
  65. ↑ Lastri, Diana (November 10, 2016). "Autorizan visita conyugal a 'El Menchito'". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 11, 2016.
  66. ↑ Álvarez, Carlos (February 3, 2017). "Corte Federal de EU pide aprehender a 'El Menchito', del CJNG, actualmente preso en Oaxaca". Zeta (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 16, 2017.
  67. ↑ Lastiri, Diana (February 21, 2017). "Amparan a 'El Menchito' por fallas en consignación" (in Spanish). El Universal (Mexico City). Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
  68. ↑ "El Menchito a un paso de su libertad". Zeta (in Spanish). February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017.
  69. ↑ "Obtiene El Menchito amparo contra delincuencia organizada". Excélsior (in Spanish). February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
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