Hong Kong Observatory

Hong Kong Observatory
香港天文台
Agency overview
Formed 2 March 1883[1]
Headquarters 134A Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Employees 290 (March 2010)[2]
Annual budget 220.7m HKD (2011-12)[2]
Agency executive
  • Mr SHUN Chi Ming, Director of the Hong Kong Observatory
Website www.hko.gov.hk
www.weather.gov.hk
The 1883 building
The Hong Kong Observatory Centenary Building

The Hong Kong Observatory (Chinese: 香港天文台; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 tin1 man4 toi4) is a weather forecast agency of the government of Hong Kong. The Observatory forecasts the weather and issues warnings on weather-related hazards. It also monitors and makes assessments on radiation levels in Hong Kong and provides other meteorological and geophysical services to meet the needs of the public and the shipping, aviation, industrial and engineering sectors.

Overview

The Observatory was established in 1883 as the Hong Kong Observatory by Sir George Bowen, the 9th Governor of Hong Kong, with Dr William Doberck (1852-1941) as its first director. Early operations included meteorological and magnetic observations, a time service based on astronomical observations and a tropical cyclone warning service. The Observatory was renamed the Royal Observatory Hong Kong (Chinese: 皇家香港天文台) after obtaining a Royal Charter in 1912.[1] The Observatory adopted the current name and emblem in 1997 after the transfer of Hong Kong's sovereignty from the UK to China.

The Hong Kong Observatory was built in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon in 1883. Observatory Road in Tsim Sha Tsui is so named based on this landmark. However, due to rapid urbanisation, it is now surrounded by skyscrapers. As a result of high greenhouse gas emissions, the reflection of sunlight from buildings and the surfaces of roads, as well as the reduced vegetation, it suffers from a heat island effect. This was demonstrated by the considerable increase in average temperatures recorded by the Observatory between 1980 and 2005. In 2002, the Observatory opened a resource centre on the 23rd Floor of the nearby Miramar Tower, where the public can buy Hong Kong Observatory publications and access other meteorological information.

Hong Kong Observatory Grounds

Buildings in the Observatory

1883 Building

This building, built in 1883, is a rectangular two-storey plastered brick structure; it is characterised by arched windows and long verandas. It now houses the office of the directorate and to serve as a centre of administration of the Observatory.[3] The building is a declared monument of Hong Kong since 1984.[4][5]

The Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters

It is next to the 1883 Building; the Centenary Building, used as The Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters, was erected in 1983 as a commemoration of the centennial service of the Observatory.[6]

Directors

Over the years, the observatory has been led by:

Signs of Hong Kong Observatory in different years.
  • William Doberck，Ph.D.，1883-1907
  • Frederick George Figg，1907-1912
  • Thomas Folkes Claxton，F.R.A.S.，1912-1932
  • Charles William Jeffries,[7] F.R.A.S.，1932-1941
  • Benjamin Davies Evans，F.R.A.S.,F.R.Met.S.，1941-1946
  • Graham Scudamore Percival Heywood，M.A.,F.R.Met.S.，1946-1956
  • Ian Edward Meni Watts，Ph.D.,F.R.Met.S.，1956-1965
  • Gordon John Bell，O.B.E.,M.A.,F.R.Met.S.，1965-1981
  • John Edgar Peacock，O.B.E.,B.Sc.(Hons.)，1981-1984 - the last British holder of the position
  • Patrick Pak Sham，I.S.O.,B.Sc.(Hons.),F.R.Met.S.，1984-1995 - he was the first Chinese to serve as director as the Government began the process of promoting local staff
  • Robert Chi-kwan Lau，B.Sc.(SYD.),DIP.N.A.A.C.(SYD.)，1995-1996
  • Lam Hung-kwan，Ph.D.,F.R.Met.S，1996-2003
  • Lam Chiu-ying，Hon.F.R.Met.S., C Met.，2003-2009
  • Lee Boon-ying, Ph.D., MBA, FHKMetS, MCMetS，2009-2011
  • Shun Chi-ming，F.R.Met.S，2011-

From 1885 to 1948 the HKO used the coat of arms of the United Kingdom in various styles for its logo but in 1949 this was changed to a circular escutcheon featuring pictures of weather observation tools, with the year 1883 at the bottom and a St Edward's Crown at the top. In 1981 the logo was changed to the old coat of arms, and in 1997, with the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the current logo was introduced to replace the colonial symbols.

Outreach activities and publicity

Young visitors at the Observatory
A sign with the old name before 1997

The Friends of the Observatory, an interest group set up in 1996 to help the Observatory to promote Hong Kong Observatory and its services to the public, provide science extension activities in relation to the works of the Observatory and foster communication between the Observatory and the public, now has more than 7,000 individual and family members in total. Activities organised for the Friends of the Observatory include regular science lectures and visits to Observatory’s facilities. Newsletters (named 談天說地) were also published for members once every four months. Voluntary docents from this interest group lead a "HKO Guided Tour" to let the public who applied for visit in advance to visit the headquarters of the Observatory, and learn about the history, environment and meteorological science applied by the Observatory.

The Observatory regularly organises visits for the secondary school students. This outreach programme was extended to primary school students, the elderly and the community groups in the recent years. Talks are also organised in primary school during the winter time, when the officials are less busy in the severe climate issues and watchouts. A roving exhibition for the public was also mounted in shopping malls in 2003. To promote understanding of the services provided by the Observatory and their benefits to the community, over 50 press releases were issued and 7 media briefings were held in 2003. From time to time, the Observatory also works closely with schools for a series of events, including with the Geography Society of PLK Vicwood KT Chong Sixth Form College between 2008 and 2009.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "History of the Hong Kong Observatory". Hong Kong Observatory. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Head 168 — HONG KONG OBSERVATORY" (PDF). Hong Kong Observatory. Brand Hong Kong. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  3. ↑ Hong Kong Observatory
  4. ↑ "Hong Kong Observatory, Tsim Sha Tsui". Antiquities and Monuments Office. Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  5. ↑ "Annex I Listing of Declared Monuments". Environmental Protection Department. Government of Hong Kong. 1 January 1999. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  6. ↑ Hong Kong Observatory: Buildings
  7. ↑ "1942MNRAS.102...67. Page 67". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
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Coordinates: 22°18′09″N 114°10′27″E / 22.30250°N 114.17417°E / 22.30250; 114.17417

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