Rastatt Tunnel

Rastatt Tunnel
Overview
Line Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway
Location Rastatt, Germany
Coordinates North portal:
48°52′22″N 8°14′9″E / 48.87278°N 8.23583°E / 48.87278; 8.23583
South portal:
48°50′39″N 8°12′52″E / 48.84417°N 8.21444°E / 48.84417; 8.21444
Start Ötigheim
End Niederbühl
Operation
Work begun May 2016
Opened 2022 (planned)
Owner Deutsche Bahn
Character 2 bores
Technical
Design engineer DB ProjektBau
Length 4,270 m (14,010 ft)
No. of tracks 2
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrified 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC overhead catenary
Operating speed 250 km/h (160 mph) (max)

The Rastatt Tunnel is a railway tunnel that is currently under construction on the Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway under Rastatt in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Construction began in 2013 and it is expected to open in 2022.[1] There was a collapse during construction on 12 August 2017 that disrupted operations on the Rhine Valley Railway.

The line will be used by long-distance passenger services and freight.[2]

Route

The 4,270-metre-tunnel (2.7 mi) will pass under the entire Rastatt urban area, the existing Rhine Valley Railway and the Federbach flats.[3] It is the largest tunnel in terms of cross-section to be built on the high-speed line[4] and begins east of Ötigheim and ends at Niederbühl. The distance between the track-centres of the two single-track tunnels is 26.5 metres (87 ft) and they are linked at 500-metre (1,600 ft) intervals by cross passages.[5] To the north and south are trough structures with a length of 800 or 895 metres (2,625 or 2,936 ft) connecting to the rail tracks on the surface.[6]

The gradient descends from both portals towards the centre of the tunnel. The two tracks are largely in circular tunnels with an inner radius of 4.80 metres (15.7 ft) in sections with an open design a rectangular cross-section has been chosen with an equivalent cross-sectional area.[7]

The planned cover of the tunnels is between 3 to 20 metres (10 to 65 ft). The tunnels will run through sandy-gritty subsoil, mostly under the water table.[5]

The tunnel is the centerpiece of a 17-kilometre-long (11 mi) section of new line, which is designed for operations at 250 km/h (160 mph). The long-distance passenger services and part of the rail freight traffic passing through the corridor are expected to use it.[8]

History

Planning

From 1970 to 1983, more than 20 aboveground options for section 1, to which the tunnel belongs, were considered. Under planning procedures introduced in 1983, five main above or underground options in the area Rastatt with different design speeds were examined.[2] In its spatial planning assessment, the administration of the Karlsruhe region called on Deutsche Bundesbahn to discard the aboveground options and to provide for a tunnel under Rastatt. As there is mainly rail-freight operating on the line and to achieve permissble noise levels for the local residents and avoid noise mitigation at the vehicles and tracks a tunnel was planned in the sandy plains of the Rhine valley. Also to avoid contruction noise a construction in mining technique was foreseen instead of cut and cover what would be much simpler in this environment.[9] The initially planned route of the new line through Durmersheim, Bietigheim and Ötigheim was fought intensely by local residents. Under political pressure, the new route was eventually moved to follow the already planned deviation of federal highway 36. According to Deutsche Bahn (DB), this transfer was possible at no additional cost, taking into account the need to resolve local issues if the previously considered route was chosen.[10] According to DB, the selected tunnel solution is more economical, has greater capacity, would allow more efficient operations and would allow shorter journey times.[11] As a result, the regional planning process was launched in July 1986 with the proposed route following the proposed new federal highway closely and then passing through a tunnel.[2] In the middle of 1987, Deutsche Bundesbahn intended to initiate the planning approval process in late 1987.[10] The B36 bypass was built between 2002 and 2004.[8]

The planning process for section 1 was launched on 27 June 1990. Due to the high cost of the tunnel solution, possible savings were investigated in 1991 and 1992, including other routes for the tunnel and a shorter tunnel. The planning approval procedure was completed on 19 March 1996.[2] After several complaints were dismissed, the decision on section 1.2, to which the tunnel belongs, was finalised on 11 August 1998.[2][5]

In the spring of 1997, the Federal Ministry of Transport commissioned Deutsche Bahn to carry out a study comparing an aboveground route with the underground route. The result was verified by the Federal Railway Authority (Eisenbahn-Bundesamt) and notified to the Baden-Württemberg state government in December 1997. The study confirmed that, an aboveground route would have a similar cost as a tunnel, but it would not provide the same increase in capacity.[2]

In 2000, the planned tunnel would have had a length of 4,540 m (2.82 mi). The northern portal would have been at federal highway 462 and the southern portal would have been near Autobahn 5.[12] In 2002, the tunnel’s planned length was 4,270 m (2.65 mi). The northern and southern portals had been moved to the north.[13] In mid-2010, the length of the tunnel was quoted as 4,225 m (2.6 mi).[14]

In early 2009, it was intended to revise the planning for the Rastatt Tunnel, which was now over ten years old and to begin construction in early 2011. Both would be financed from funds from the economic stimulus package II. Because of the high financial requirements and the long duration of the project, it was later separated from the stimulus package.[15]

In 2011, Deutsche Bahn proposed an amendment to the plan, with among other things, the longitudinal spacing of the cross tunnels reduced from 1,000 to 500 metres (3,300 to 1,600 ft) and special construction methods in the portal area to deal with tunnel boom.[5] Among other things, the route of the eastern tunnel was shifted slightly to give a uniform distance of 12 m (39 ft) between the airlock doors of the cross tunnels. The amended plans provided for a new safety concept over a length of 2,260 m (1.40 mi).[16] The amendment was approved in November 2012.[17] According to a media report the amendments to the plan were necessary because of new safety regulations (as of February 2012).[18]

On 24 August 2012, the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development concluded a financing agreement on the northernmost section of the Rhine Valley Railway. It includes a 16 km long (9.9 mi) northern section of line, which includes the Rastatt Tunnel. The section is designed for operations at up to 250 km/h (160 mph).[1]

At the end of February 2012, a notice was published on the tendering of the construction contract for zoning section 1, to which the tunnel belongs. The estimated contract value was €808 million.[19] Tendering and contracting were to run from May 2013 to August 2014.[6]

In April 2016, the construction of the tunnel’s connections were put to tender.[20]

Construction

Due to the geological and hydrological environment of the tunnel, a large part of it is being driven by two tunnel boring machines from north to south. Part is being tunnelled through ground that has been stabilised by ground freezing. The planned construction period is six years.[5]

Construction of the project was long delayed until 2013 by a lack of funds, according to the European Commission.[21]

New exploratory drilling for the tunnel began in the district of Niederbühl on 7 April 2011.[22] Another exploration program began between Ötigheim and Rastatt Süd on 9 May 2012. Three rigs were due to drive 40 holes to depths of up to 40 metres (130 ft) by October 2012.[23][24] Work on the ramp at the northern tunnel portal was tendered in March 2013.[25]

The official groundbreaking ceremony was held on 30 July 2013 at the future groundwater basin under Autobahn 5 in Niederbühl.[26] This was to allow construction work to commence between Basheide junction and Rastatt Süd.[8] The work was expected to be completed by 2015.[25]

At the end of 2013 work began on the construction of the northern groundwater basin. As part of works worth about €13 million, a 700-metre long (2,300 ft) and up to 29-metre wide (95 ft) excavation pit was established and approximately 300,000 cubic metres (11 million cubic feet) of material and 11,400 square metres (123,000 sq ft) of sheet piles were installed. The work was expected to be completed by October 2014 (as of late 2013). It was expected that the construction of the actual groundwater basin would begin in early 2015,[27]

Earthworks for the northern groundwater basin were completed at the end March 2014. Sheet piles were driven into the ground from July 2014 and then further construction started.[28]

The contract for construction of the shell of the tunnel was awarded to Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tunnel Rastatt ("Rastatt tunnel construction community"). The technical leadership was taken by Ed. Züblin AG and the commercial leadership by Hochtief AG. The contract is worth €312 million.[3] It is the biggest contract of the project by value.[4]

The contract for the shell of the tunnel was signed in Berlin on 4 August 2014. Construction work was expected to start in November 2014 with the preparation of a building site area in Ötigheim. The first tunneling machine was expected to be assembled in April 2015 and the driving of the tunnel was expected to start in October 2015. The completion of the shell was intended to be achieved at the end of the first quarter of 2018. The completion of technical construction is to follow in 2020 and trial operations are scheduled to start in 2022.[3] Around 3,800 m (12,500 ft) of the tunnel would be bored, about 470 m (1,540 ft) would be built using the New Austrian Tunnelling method or by cut-and-cover.[6]

In early December 2014, Deutsche Bahn provided updated details of the procurement of the two tunnel boring machines. The two 90-metre long (300 ft) and 1,750 t (1,720-long-ton; 1,930-short-ton) machines would be provided by Herrenknecht AG. The first machine would now be assembled in September 2015 and the excavation would begin in December 2015. The assembly of the second machine would begin in early January 2016 and the excavation would begin in April 2016. With a 10.97-metre wide (36.0 ft) boring shield, each TBM would prepare a usable section of 9.6 m (31 ft). The contract for the two machines was estimated to be worth €36 million. The structure of the tunnel was still estimated to be completed in the first quarter of 2018.[29]

According to an updated schedule of June 2015, the beginning of the tunnel drive had been delayed by three months to the spring of 2016 as the first parts of the tunneling machine would be delivered at the end of 2015. The completion of the tunnel shell is still scheduled for July 2018.[30] From the end of 2015, the first parts of the tunnel boring machine were delivered at the north portal at Ötigheim and were assembled there in preparation for driving the eastern tube from early February.

The first tunnel boring machine was symbolically launched on 8 December 2015. It was expected to start driving the eastern tunnel at the end of May 2016.[31][32]

Already finished subgrade of the approach line in the Durmersheim area in September 2009

A stretch of earthworks with a length of about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) was completed to the north of the tunnel at the end of 2006 and it has been extended at Ötigheim since early 2013.

August 2017 collapse

Sensors at the tunnel construction site at Niederbühl reported a lowering of the track on the existing line above the tunnel on 12 August 2017 at about 11:00. Train traffic was then stopped.[33] The track had subsided by half a metre (1.6 ft) over a section of track that was about 6 to 8 metres (20 to 26 ft) long.[34] In this area, the tunnel is covered by 5 m (16 ft) of material.[35] Over the length of the bore, the ground was frozen with cooling liquid to −33 °C (−27 °F) to stabilise it.[36] The bore was intended to run over a length of 205 m (673 ft) through completely frozen material, representing an innovation in the use of tunnelling machines.[37] As a result of a water spill, the tunnel was not accessible at first.[38] The breakthrough of the tunnel was due "shortly".[35]

An emergency bus service was established between Rastatt and Baden-Baden.[38] The line was initially expected to remain blocked until 26 August.[39] As of August 22nd, a closure of the line until October 7th was expected.[40] A bus service was operated between Baden-Baden and Rastatt at six-minute intervals from 14 August. Passengers had to expect extensions of travel time of at least an hour.[41] The residents of four neighbouring houses were asked to leave them on 13 August.[39]

In rail freight, DB rail operations are working on alternative concepts that focus on large-scale bypasses and transfers to other modes of transport. A change in the schedule of construction sites is being considered.[42] Within the framework of large-scale diversions, the Plochingen–Tübingen and Tübingen–Horb railways are temporarily being operated around the clock on working days.[43] The Netzwerk Europäischer Eisenbahnen estimated the revenue loss for freight companies at €12 million per week. Even with all the large-scale diversions, insufficient capacities would be available, since several detours were also blocked.[44]

According to DB information, work is being carried out on the restoration of the line. Currently, the process for stabilising the tunnel is being clarified (as of 15 August 2017).[42] A 50 m long (160 ft) section of the eastern tube will probably be filled with concrete in order to stabilise the ground and to re-open the railway line as soon as possible. In the process, the tunneling machine (valued at €18 million) would be abandoned and would remain in the ground. How the damaged eastern pipe of the tunnel is to be completed is unclear.[45]

The old rail line that has been interrupted by the damage was reopened on 2 October 2017.

In early November there were plans to recover the wreckage of the tunneling machine; by late December 2017 this operation had still not begun.[46]

Costs

The project costs of around €693 million for the route including the tunnel are to be provided by the federal government.[1][16]

Aerial photographs

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Bund stellt Finanzmittel für den Rastatter Tunnel bereit" (Press release) (in German). Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bernd Dassler; Joachim Nied (2012). "ABS/NBS Karlsruhe – Basel, Planung und Realisierung im Streckenabschnitt". Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (in German) (12): 10–15.
  3. 1 2 3 "Ausbau- und Neubaustrecke Karlsruhe Basel: Bahn vergibt Rohbauarbeiten für Tunnel Rastatt" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. 7 August 2014.
  4. 1 2 "ARGE für Rohbau beauftragt" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (3): 1. 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Der Tunnel Rastatt" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (3): 1. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF; 1.2 MB) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "D-Karlsruhe: Baustellenüberwachung: 2012/S 236-389074". Tenders Electronic Daily, supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union (in German). 7 December 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  7. ↑ Michael Richter (2012). "Tunnel Rastatt vor der Realisierung". In DB ProjektBau. Infrastrukturprojekte 2012: Bauen bei der Deutschen Bahn (in German). Hamburg: Eurailpress. pp. 180–184. ISBN 978-3-7771-0445-4.
  8. 1 2 3 Matthias Hudaff (2013). "Editorial" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (2): 1. Archived from the original (PDF; 273 kB) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  9. ↑ Hecht, M (December 2017). "Rastatt und Bahnlärm". Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (in German) (12): 28–32.
  10. 1 2 Ernst Krittian (1987). "Die Ausbau- und Neubaustrecke Karlsruhe–Basel". Die Bundesbahn (in German). 63 (10): 911–916. ISSN 0007-5876.
  11. ↑ Joachim Nied; Bernd Dassler; Thomas Zieger (September 2007). "Neu- und Ausbaustrecke Karlsruhe – Basel – aktueller Planungsstand und Bauablauf". Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (in German) (9): 507–512. ISSN 0013-2845.
  12. ↑ Streckenkarte: Ausbau - und Neubaustrecke Karlsruhe - Basel (in German). Frankfurt am Main: DBBauProjekt GmbH. (map with status of September 2000)
  13. ↑ Streckenkarte: Ausbau - und Neubaustrecke Karlsruhe - Basel (in German). Frankfurt am Main: DBBauProjekt GmbH. (map with status of May 2002)
  14. ↑ DB ProjektBau GmbH, ed. (2010). Infrastrukturprojekte 2010. Bauen bei der Deutschen Bahn (in German). Hamburg: Eurailpress Verlag. pp. 50&nbsp, f. ISBN 978-3-7771-0414-0.
  15. ↑ "Response by the Federal government to the MPs Ute Kumpf, Uwe Beckmeyer, Martin Burkert, other MPs and the SPD parliamentary group – printed matter 17/933: Menschenfreundlicher und umweltgerechter Ausbau der Rheintalbahn" (PDF; 98 kB). Records of the Bundestag (in German) (17/1306): 2–5. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  16. 1 2 "Planänderung für neues Sicherheitskonzept genehmigt" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (4): 4. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF; 0.8 MB) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  17. ↑ "Planänderung für den Rastatter Tunnel genehmigt" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. 23 November 2012.
  18. ↑ "Weitere Züge haben im Rheintal keinen Platz". Badische Zeitung (in German). 2 February 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  19. ↑ "D-Karlsruhe: Bauarbeiten für Eisenbahnlinien: 2012/S 39-063501". Tenders Electronic Daily, supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union (in German). 25 February 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  20. ↑ "Deutschland-Frankfurt am Main: Bauarbeiten für Eisenbahnlinien: 2016/S 080-142881". Tenders Electronic Daily, supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union (in German). 23 April 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  21. ↑ "Jährlicher Tätigkeitsbericht 2009-2010 für PP17" (PDF) (in German). Brussels: European Commission. August 2010. p. 5. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  22. ↑ "Deutsche Bahn: Probebohrungen für den Rastatter Tunnel". Eurailpress (in German). 8 April 2011.
  23. ↑ "Probebohrungen in Rastatt" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (2): 3. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF; 940 kB) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  24. ↑ "Probebohrungen im Streckenabschnitt Ötigheim - Rastatt Süd werden weitergeführt" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. 8 May 2012.
  25. 1 2 "D-Frankfurt: Verbauarbeiten: 2013/S 046-074633". Tenders Electronic Daily, supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union (in German). 6 March 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  26. ↑ "Staatssekretärin Splett bei Rheintalbahn-Spatenstich in Rastatt" (Press release) (in German). Baden-Württemberg Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure. 30 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "Baugrube für Grundwasserwanne Nord wird erstellt" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (4): 1. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF; 273 kB) on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  28. ↑ "Bauarbeiten bei Ötigheim liegen vor Zeitplan" (PDF; 0.9 MB). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (2): 5. June 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  29. ↑ "Tunnel Rastatt: ARGE ordert Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. 5 December 2014.
  30. ↑ "Tunnel Rastatt: Vortrieb startet im Frühjahr 2016" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. 19 June 2015.
  31. ↑ "Tunnelvortriebsmaschine symbolisch abgenommen" (PDF). Karlsruhe–Basel im Fokus (in German). DB ProjektBau GmbH (4): 4. 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  32. ↑ "Tunnelbohrmaschine für Rastatt" (in German). SWR. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  33. ↑ "Erdrutsch im "Rastatter Tunnel" legt Bahnverkehr lahm: Strecke wohl eine Woche gesperrt". ka-news.de (in German). 13 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  34. ↑ "Rheintalbahn gesperrt – deutliche Verspätungen im Südwesten". welt.de (in German). 14 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  35. 1 2 Stefan Jehle (13 August 2017). "Rheintalbahn länger lahmgelegt". Stuttgarter-Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  36. ↑ "Vier Wohnhäuser an Bahnstrecke in Rastatt geräumt". Frankfurter-Allgemeine (in German). 2017-08-14. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  37. ↑ Martin Geiger; Marc Kemmler; Joachim Wehner; Thomas Grundhoff; Heiko Neher; Andreas Schaab; Wolfgang Orth; Gerhard Wehrmeyer (October 2016). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V., ed. Tunnel Rastatt: Schildvortriebe in Kombination mit Baugrundvereisung. Taschenbuch für den Tunnelbau 2017 (in German). 41. Ernst & Sohn. p. 74. ISBN 978-3433031681. -- Note: The freezing technology is being used in the construction of the U5 (Berlin U-Bahn).
  38. 1 2 "Betriebssituation bei DB Regio Baden-Württemberg: Streckensperrung zwischen Karlsruhe Hbf und Offenburg nach Tunnelbauarbeiten" (in German). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  39. 1 2 "Sperrung der Rheintalbahn zwischen Rastatt und Baden-Baden: Ersatzfahrplan gilt ab Montag" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. 13 August 2017. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  40. ↑ https://www.bahn.de/p/view/home/info/sonderkommunikation-rastatt.shtml?dbkanal_007=L01_S01_D001_KIN0001_blitzbox-rastatt-2017-08-13_LZ01
  41. ↑ "Sperrung der Rheintalbahn: Ersatzfahrplan läuft bislang stabil" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  42. 1 2 "Bahn arbeitet mit Hochdruck an Wiederinbetriebnahme der Rheintalbahn bei Rastatt" (PDF) (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  43. ↑ "Nächtlicher Zugverkehr auf der Neckar-Alb-Bahn (Strecke Horb–Tübingen–Reutlingen–Plochingen)" (Press release) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  44. ↑ "Rastatt-Delle verursacht zwölf Millionen Euro Umsatzausfall pro Woche" (PDF) (Press release) (in German). Netzwerk Europäischer Eisenbahnen e. V. 14 August 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  45. ↑ "Wieder Erdbewegungen an Bahnstrecke in Rastatt". Frankfurter-Allgemeine (in German). 15 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  46. ↑ "Rheintalbahn-Panne: Bergung von "Wilhelmine" nicht absehbar". Stimme (in German). 1 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.

Sources

  • Thomas Grundhoff; Dennis Edelhoff (February 2016). "Tunnel Rastatt: Hohe Anforderungen an den maschinellen Tunnelbau". Tunnel (in German). Gütersloh: Bauverlag BV GmbH (1/2016): 10–19. ISSN 0722-6241. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  • "Der Tunnel Rastatt" (in German). www.karlsruhe-basel.de. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
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