Queen Mamea

Queen Mamea of Raiatea and Huahine
Mamea depicted in an 1896 US newspaper

Queen Mamea (c.1870 – after 1896)[1] was a late 19th-century ruler of Raiatea and Huahine in the Society Islands. She ruled around 1,000 subjects and her reign began in the early to mid 1870s. In 1890 she successfully resisted an armed French annexation by withdrawing to the interior of her kingdom and waiting for the French to run out of supplies. Mamea repeated the tactics during a second invasion of 1896 and appealed to other foreign powers for assistance, including offering her kingdom as a state to the United States. She was captured in a surprise attack and granted the French control over her lands before being replaced by a new chief.

Early reign

Mamea had been queen of Raiatea and Huahine in the Society Islands since the early to mid 1870s.[2][3] She was described as the "handsomest woman in the South Seas" with strong features and hair that she styled upwards.[2][4]

Mamea had around 1,000 subjects and was a cousin of Oscar Tomare, prince of the island of Bora Bora.[5][3] Mamea proposed marriage to a herder by the name of Macello and offered him a position as a chief but she was refused and Macello married a mixed race Tahitian girl.[4] Mamea brought an end to the traditional practice of cannibalism on her islands.[2] The French, who occupied nearby Tahiti, desired Mamea's realm as did the German and British Empires.[2][4] A French invasion of 1890 was successfully resisted after Mamea withdrew her warriors to a series of canyons in the island's interior where she had stockpiled several years of food supplies. The besieging French forces were forced to withdraw after their own supplies ran low.[2]

1896 French annexation

French forces made renewed attempts to annex Mamea's kingdom in 1896 with the governor of Tahiti declaring "we will annex the island and you must submit".[4] A French fleet destroyed each of the queen's coastal settlements and captured her palace.[2] Mamea withdrew to the woods and hills of the interior with her 500 warriors, said to be the fiercest in the South Seas, and 300 women.[4] They carried with them the idol of their god Tāne.[2] In a retaliatory raid on the French missionaries of Uturoa in northern Raiatea Mamea's forces killed several traders.[4]

In March 1896 Mamea sent word via an American merchant that she wished her kingdom to be admitted as a state within the United States.[2] Mamea sought assistance from the British resident at Rarotonga in the Cook Islands and was advised to submit to the French.[6] Shortly thereafter Mamea was captured in a surprise attack and agreed to grant France control of the island, its shipping and permission to establish a coaling station.[3][6] The British opposed the deal and requested that France restore the island to Mamea's control; this was refused and Mamea was replaced by a new chief.[3] Mamea was compensated by the payment of 4,000 francs.[7] (~23,000 US Dollars in 2015)

By June 1896 Mamea's former subjects were flying the British flag and claiming to be under the protection of Queen Victoria. The French protested that the island was in their possession and brought the British consul from Papeete who advised the islanders that they were not permitted to use the flag. This was ignored and French forces shot down at least one flagstaff, but struggled to keep up with the islanders who simply raised more.[6] Inevitably, the islands ended up under de facto French rule.

References

  1. ↑ The Churchman. Churchman Company. 1896. Queen Mamea, who is twenty-two
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "A cannibal queen who wants to join the United States". The Journal (Page 25). March 29, 1896. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Dusky Queen of a South Sea Isle Made a Subject". Wichita Daily Eagle (Page 2). April 18, 1896. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Mamea is Plucky". The Saint Paul Globe (Page 9). April 12, 1896. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  5. ↑ "The Bicycle Among the Savages". Scientific American (Volume 75, Number 3). Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 "The French in the Society Islands". The Brisbane Courier (Page 5). 2 June 1896. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  7. ↑ The Churchman (Volume 74 ed.). Churchman Company. 1896. p. 6.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.