QorIQ

P4080 QorIQ processor Freescale Semiconductor

QorIQ /ˈkɔːraɪkjuː/ is a brand of ARM Architecture and Power Architecture-based communications microprocessors from NXP Semiconductors (formerly Freescale). It is the evolutionary step from the PowerQUICC platform and initial products were built around one or more Power Architecture e500mc cores and came in five different product platforms, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5, segmented by performance and functionality. The platform keeps software compatibility with older PowerPC products such as the PowerQUICC platform. In 2012 Freescale announced ARM based QorIQ offerings beginning in 2013.[1]

The QorIQ brand and the P1, P2 and P4 product families were announced in June 2008. Details of P3 and P5 products were announced in 2010.

QorIQ P Series processors will be manufactured on a 45 nm fabrication process and was available in the end of 2008 (P1 and P2), mid-2009 (P4) and 2010 (P5).

QorIQ T Series is based on a 28 nm process and is pushing a very aggressive power envelope target, capping at 30 W. These are using the e6500 core with AltiVec and are expected to be shipping in 2013.

QorIQ LS-1 and LS-2 families are ARM based processors using the Cortex A7, Cortex A9, A15, A53 and A72 cores upon the ISA agnostic Layerscape architecture. They are available since 2013 and target low and mid range networking and wireless infrastructure applications.[1]

Layerscape

The Layerscape (LS) architecture is the latest evolution of the QorIQ family, in that features previously provided by DPAA (like compression) may be implemented in software or hardware, depending on the specific chip, but transparent to application programmers. LS-1 and LS-2 are announced to use Cortex A7, A9, A15, A53 and A72 cores.[1]

The initial LS-1 series does not include any accelerated packet processing layer, focusing typical power consumption of less than 3W using two Cortex A7 with providing ECC for caches and DDR3/4 at 1000 to 1600 MT/s, dual PCI Express Controllers in x1/x2/x4 operation,SD/MMC, SATA 1/2/3, USB 2/3 with integrated PHY, and virtualized eTSEC Gigabit Ethernet Controllers.[2]

LS1 means LS1XXX series (e.g., LS1021A, etc.); LS2 means LS2XXX series. LS2 means a higher performance level than LS1, and it does not indicate a second generation. The middle two digits of the product name are core count; the last digit distinguishes models, with, in most but not all cases, a higher digit meaning greater performance. “A” at the end indicates the Arm processor. LX designates the 16 nm FinFET generation.

The LS1 family is built on the Layerscape architecture is a programmable data-plane engine networking architecture. Both LS1 and LS2 families of processors offer the advanced, high-performance datapath and network peripheral interfaces. These features are frequently required for networking, telecom/datacom, wireless infrastructure, military and aerospace applications.


Initial announcement

Freescale Semiconductor Inc. (acquired by NXP Semiconductors in late 2015) announced a network processor system architecture said to give the flexibility and scalability required by network infrastructure OEMs to handle the market trends of connected devices, massive datasets, tight security, real-time service and increasingly unpredictable network traffic patterns.[3][4][5]

LS1 Product Family

LS1012A

2 Gbps packet crypto accelerator with a highly power-efficient 64-bit single Arm Cortex-A53 core running up to 1 GHz, and integrated them with a full suite of high speed peripherals. The product incorporates dual 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe, SATA3 and USB 3.0 with integrated PHY. The processor can be routed on 4-layer PCBs. It is the smallest and lowest power 64-bit embedded processor in the market (As of February 2016).[6] It uses typical power between 1–2 W.[7]

LS1020A

It is one of the first Layerscape products announced by Freescale, along with LS1021A and LS1022A.[8] It has two Arm Cortex-A7 cores running at up to 1 GHz. It is suitable for fanless enterprise and consumer networking applications, such as enterprise access points, multi-protocol IoT gateways and security appliances. It typically uses 2.6 W.[9]

LS1021A

It adds integrated display controller and industrial interfaces for use in factory/building automation, M2M, printing and defense/aerospace applications. The LS1021A processor features two high-efficiency Arm Cortex-A7 cores running up to 1.2 GHz and has error checking and correction (ECC) technology, delivering performance at a typical power of fewer than 3 W.[10]

LS1022A

Cost-optimized version of LS1021A. It has two Arm Cortex-A7 cores running up to 600Mhz.

LS1024A

In April 2014, Freescale acquired a portion of Mindspeed Technologies (Comcerto Business), which produced Arm-based multicore embedded processors and associated software targeting systems such as home gateways and network-attached storage. Mindspeed had just been acquired by M/A-Com Technology Solutions, and the latter sought to sell off portions of Mindspeed that were not essential to its strategy.[11] Chief among the Mindspeed products is the Comcerto 2000 SoC, which combines two 1.2 GHz Arm Cortex-A9 CPUs with packet engines and communications accelerators. This chip became LS1024A processor of Freescale.

LS1028A

It has two 64-bit Arm Cortex v8 A72 processor cores, an integrated 3D GPU and LCD controller, a four-port time sensitive networking (TSN) switch and two separate TSN Ethernet controllers. By combining time sensitive networking with a GPU, it addresses industrial human machine interface and control applications. It is designed to support both TSN bridging applications as well as TSN endpoint applications and will be offered with a 15-year manufacturing promise. LS1028A is preproduction silicon (As of April 2018).[12]

LS1043A

The SoC, which allows fanless designs, delivers 1.5 GHz of performance and requires power as low as just 6 W to operate. the LS1043A device integrates four 64-bit Arm Cortex-A53 cores, delivering 10+ Gbps and an estimated 16,000+ CoreMarks of CPU performance. The device features advanced virtualization hardware, supports flexible, secure cloud application updates with Freescale’s trust architecture, and offloads latency sensitive applications for optimized local performance with classification and traffic management hardware.[13] It includes 10 GbE plus 5x 1GbE, 3x PCIe, 3x USB 3.0 with PHYs and SATA 3.0.[5]

LS1046A

At the time of the launch, it was the industry's lowest power quad-core Arm Cortex-A72 based devices. It is available in 23 x 23 MM packages and is compatible with LS1023A, LS1043A and LS1088A SoCs. LS1046A offers performance above 32,000 CoreMarks, and integrates 10 GB Ethernet, PCIe Gen. 3, SATA 3.0, USB 3.0 and QSPI interfaces.[14]

LS1088A

It has eight Arm Cortex-A53 cores running up to 1.5 GHz. It also incorporates DDR4 memory controllers and up to two 10Gb/s and eight 1Gb/s Ethernet interfaces. It is designed for intelligent edge access equipment, NFV and virtual CPE solutions, industrial control systems and intelligent NIC applications.[15]

LA Product Family

In February 2017 NXP announced a new family of fully programmable, multi-standard SoCs for multi-access technologies including 5G evolution. The Layerscape LA family targets scalable solutions in wired and wireless enterprise and carrier networks, and home gateway markets. The family enables rapid deployment of next generation platforms into these markets with fully programmable technology. The architecture offers programmable MAC and PHY layer modem technology. It accommodates multiple modem implementations across Wi-Fi, 5G and other applications.[16]

LA1575

It implements 802.11ax, 802.11ad, and millimeter wave (mmWave) standards on a single SoC device. Initial targets include enterprise and high-end home gateway markets.

LX Product Family

In October 2017, NXP announced the highest performance member of the Layerscape family, the LX2160A SoC. The LX2160A is specifically designed to enable challenging high-performance network applications, network edge compute, and data center offloads. Trusted and secure execution of virtualized cloud workloads at the edge is driving new distributed computing paradigms.[17][18]

LX2160A

It features sixteen high-performance Arm Cortex-A72 cores running at over 2 GHz in a sub 30 W power envelope, supporting both the 100 Gbit/s Ethernet and PCIe Gen4 interconnect standards. In addition, it provides L2 switching at wire rate and includes acceleration for data compression and 50 Gbit/s IPSec cryptography.

Layerscape Product Family List

Security
Device Cores Frequency PCIe SerDES SATA Integrated SEC

Engine

 DCE/PME QE
LS1012A 1 x Arm Cortex A53 1.0 GHz 1 x Gen2.0 3 lanes 6 GHz Yes Yes - -
LS1020A 2 x Arm Cortex A7 1.2 GHz 2 x Gen2.0 4 lanes 6 GHz Yes Yes - Yes
LS1021A 2 x Arm Cortex A7 1.2 GHz 2 x Gen2.0 4 lanes 6 GHz Yes Yes - Yes
LS1022A 2 x Arm Cortex A7 0.6 GHz 1 x Gen2.0 1 lane 5 GHz No Yes - -
LS1024A 2 x Arm Cortex A9 1.2 GHz 2 x Gen2.0 3 lanes 5 GHz Yes Yes Yes -
LS1028A 2 x Arm Cortex A72 1.3 GHz 2 x Gen2.0 4 lanes 10 GHz Yes Yes - -
LS1043A 4 x Arm Cortex A53 1.6 GHz 3 x Gen2.0 4 lanes 10 GHz Yes Yes - Yes
LA1575 2 x Arm Cortex A53 1.4 GHz 1 x Gen3.0 4 lanes 10 GHz Yes Yes - -
LS1046A 4 x Arm Cortex A72 1.8 GHz 3 x Gen3.0 8 lanes 10 GHz Yes Yes - -
LS1088A 8 x Arm Cortex A53 1.6 GHz 3 x Gen3.0 4 lanes 10 GHz Yes Yes - Yes
LX2160A 16 x Arm Cortex A72 2.2 GHz 6x Gen 4.0 24 lanes 25 GHz Yes Yes 100 Gbps

P Series

The QorIQ P Series processors are based on Power Architecture e500 or e5500 cores. The P10xx series, P2010 and P2020 are based on the e500v2 core, P204x, P30xx and P40xx on the e500mc core, and P50xx on the e5500 core. Features include 32/32 kB data/instruction L1 cache, 36-bit physical memory addressing [appended to the top of the virtual address in the process context, each process is still 32bit], a double precision floating point unit is present on some cores (not all) and support for virtualization through a hypervisor layer is present in products featuring the e500mc or the e5500. The dual and multi-core devices supports both symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing, and can run multiple operating systems in parallel.

P1

The P1 series is tailored for gateways, Ethernet switches, wireless LAN access points, and general-purpose control applications. It is the entry level platform, ranging from 400 to 800 MHz devices. It is designed to replace the PowerQUICC II Pro and PowerQUICC III platforms. The chips include among other integrated functionality, Gigabit Ethernet controllers, two USB 2.0 controllers, a security engine, a 32-bit DDR2 and DDR3 memory controller with ECC support, dual four-channel DMA controllers, a SD/MMC host controller and high speed interfaces which can be configured as SerDes lanes, PCIe and SGMII interfaces. The chip is packaged in 689-pin packages which are pin compatible with the P2 family processors.[19][20]

  • P1011 – Includes one 800 MHz e500 core, 256 kB L2 cache, four SerDes lanes, three Gbit Ethernet controllers and a TDM engine for legacy phone applications.
  • P1020 – includes two 800 MHz e500 cores, 256 kB shared L2 cache, four SerDes lanes, three Gbit Ethernet controllers and a TDM engine.

P2

The P2 series is designed for a wide variety of applications in the networking, telecom, military and industrial markets. It will be available in special high quality parts, with junction tolerances from −40 to 125 °C, especially suited for demanding out doors environments. It is the mid-level platform, with devices ranging from 800 MHz up to 1.2 GHz. It is designed to replace the PowerQUICC II Pro and PowerQUICC III platforms. The chips include, among other integrated functionality, a 512 kB L2 cache, a security engine, three Gigabit Ethernet controllers, a USB 2.0 controller, a 64-bit DDR2 and DDR3 memory controller with ECC support, dual four-channel DMA controllers, a SD/MMC host controller and high speed SerDes lanes which can be configured as three PCIe interfaces, two RapidIO interfaces and two SGMII interfaces. The chips are packaged in 689-pin packages which are pin compatible with the P1 family processors.[19][21]

  • P2010 – Includes one 1.2 GHz core
  • P2020 – Includes two 1.2 GHz cores, with shared L2 cache

P3

The P3 series is a mid performance networking platform, designed for switching and routing. The P3 family offers a multi-core platform, with support for up to four Power Architecture e500mc cores at frequencies up to 1.5 GHz on the same chip, connected by the CoreNet coherency fabric. The chips include among other integrated functionality, integrated L3 caches, memory controller, multiple I/O-devices such as DUART, GPIO and USB 2.0, security and encryption engines, a queue manager scheduling on-chip events and a SerDes based on-chip high speed network configurable as multiple Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, RapidIO or PCIe interfaces.[22]

The P3 family processors share the same physical package with, and are also software backwards compatible with, P4 and P5. The P3 processors have 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 memory controllers, 18 SerDes lanes for networking, hardware accelerators for packet handling and scheduling, regular expressions, RAID, security, cryptography and RapidIO.

The cores are supported by a hardware hypervisor and can be run in symmetric or asymmetric mode meaning that the cores can run and boot operating systems together or separately, resetting and partitioning cores and datapaths independently without disturbing other operating systems and applications.

  • P2040
  • P2041
  • P3041 – Quad 1.5 GHz cores, 128 kB L2 cache per core, single 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 controller. Manufactured on a 45 nm process operating in a 12W envelope.

P4

The P4 series is a high performance networking platform, designed for backbone networking and enterprise level switching and routing. The P4 family offers an extreme multi-core platform, with support for up to eight Power Architecture e500mc cores at frequencies up to 1.5 GHz on the same chip, connected by the CoreNet coherency fabric. The chips include among other integrated functionality, integrated L3 caches, memory controllers, multiple I/O-devices such as DUART, GPIO and USB 2.0, security and encryption engines, a queue manager scheduling on-chip events and a SerDes based on-chip high speed network configurable as multiple Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, RapidIO or PCIe interfaces.

The cores are supported by a hardware hypervisor and can be run in symmetric or asymmetric mode meaning that the cores can run and boot operating systems together or separately, resetting and partitioning cores and datapaths independently without disturbing other operating systems and applications.

  • P4080 – Includes eight e500mc cores, each with 32/32kB instruction/data L1 caches and a 128 kB L2 cache. The chip has dual 1 MB L3 caches, each connected to a 64-bit DDR2/DDR3 memory controller. The chip contains a security and encryption module, capable of packet parsing and classification, and acceleration of encryption and regexp pattern matching. The chip can be configured with up to eight Gigabit and two 10 Gigabit Ethernet controllers, three 5 GHz PCIe ports and two RapidIO interfaces. It also has various other peripheral connectivity such as two USB2 controllers. It is designed to operate below 30 W at 1.5 GHz. The processor is manufactured on a 45 nm SOI process and begun sampling to customers in August 2009.[23]

To help software developers and system designers get started with the QorIQ P4080, Freescale worked with Virtutech to create a virtual platform for the P4080 that can be used prior to silicon availability to develop, test, and debug software for the chip. Currently, the simulator is only for the P4080, not the other chips announced in 2008.[24]

Because of its complete set of network engines, this processor can be used for telecommunication systems (LTE eNodeB, EPC, WCDMA, BTS), so Freescale and 6WIND ported 6WIND's packet processing software to the P4080.[25][26]

P5

The P5 series is based on the high performance 64-bit e5500 core scaling up to 2.5 GHz and allowing numerous auxiliary application processing units as well as multi core operation via the CoreNet fabric. The P5 series processors share the same physical package and are also software backwards compatible with P3 and P4. The P5 processors have 1.3 GHz 64-bit DDR3 memory controllers, 18 SerDes lanes for networking, hardware accelerators for packet handling and scheduling, regular expressions, RAID, security, cryptography and RapidIO.

Introduced in June 2010, samples will be available late 2010 and full production is expected in 2011.

Applications range from high end networking control plane infrastructure, high end storage networking and complex military and industrial devices.

  • P5010 – Single e5500 2.2 GHz core, 1 MB L3 cache, single 1.333 lGHz DDR3 controller, manufactured on a 45 nm process and operating in a 30W envelope.
  • P5020 – Dual e5500 2.2 GHz cores, dual 1 MB L3 caches, dual 1.333 lGHz DDR3 controllers, manufactured on a 45 nm process and operating in a 30W envelope.
  • P5021 – Dual e5500 2.4 GHz cores, 1.6 GHz DDR3/3L. Sampling since March 2012; production expected in 4Q12.
  • P5040 – Quad e5500 2.4 GHz cores, 1.6 GHz DDR3/3L. Sampling since March 2012; production expected in 4Q12.

Qonverge

In February 2011 Freescale introduced the QorIQ Qonverge platform which is a series of combined CPU and DSP SoC processors targeting wireless infrastructure applications.[27] The PSC913x family chips uses an e500 core based CPU and StarCore SC3850 DSPs will be available in 2011, and is manufactured on a 45 nm process, with e6500 and CS3900 core based 28 nm parts available in 2012 called P4xxx.

AMP Series

The QorIQ Advanced Multiprocessing, AMP Series, processors are all based on the multithreaded 64-bit e6500 core with integrated AltiVec SIMD processing units except the lowest end T1 family that uses the older e5500 core. Products will range from single core versions up to parts with 12 cores or more with frequencies ranging all the way up to 2.5 GHz. The processes will be sectioned into five classes according to performance and features, named T1 through T5, and will be manufactured in a 28 nm process beginning in 2012.[28]

T4

The T4 family uses the e6500 64-bit dual threaded core.

  • T4240 – The first product announced and incorporates twelve cores, three memory controllers and various other accelerators.[29]
  • T4160 – A feature reduced version of the T4240 with only eight cores, and less I/O options and just two memory controllers.[29]
  • T4080 – A feature reduced version of the T4240 with only four cores, and less I/O options and just two memory controllers.[29]

T2

The T2 family uses the e6500 64-bit dual threaded core.

  • T2080 and T2081 – Processors with four cores running at speeds of 1.5 to 1.8 GHz. The '81 parts comes in smaller package, slightly different I/O options and therefore fewer I/O pins.[30] The T2081 is pin compatible with the lower end T104x and T102x parts.

T1

The T1 family uses the e5500 64-bit single threaded core at 1.2 to 1.5 GHz with 256 kB L2 cache per core and 256kB shared CoreNet L3 cache.

  • T1040 – Quad-core, four Gbit Ethernet ports and an 8 port Ethernet switch
  • T1042 – Quad-core, five Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.
  • T1020 – Dual-core, four Gbit Ethernet ports and an 8 port Ethernet switch
  • T1022 – Dual-core, five Gbit Ethernet ports, no Ethernet switch.


System design

Networking, IT and telecommunication systems

The QorIQ products bring some new challenges in order to design some control planes of telecommunication systems and their data plane. For instance, when 4 or 8 cores are used, such as the P4080, in order to achieve millions of Packet Processing per seconds, the system does not scale with regular software stack because so many cores require a different system design.[31] In order to restore simplicity and still get the highest level of performance, the telecommunication systems are based on a segregation of the cores. Some cores are used for the control plane while some others are used for a re-designed data plane based on a Fast Path.

Freescale has partnered with networking company 6WIND to provide software developers with a high-performance commercial packet processing solution for the QorIQ platform.[32]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Freescale adopts ARM cores in QorIQ line
  2. ↑ Nov 2012: Layercape – New Embedded Family Solution
  3. ↑ Hogg, Scott. "6 network and security trends you can expect in 2017". Network World. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  4. ↑ Newman, Daniel. "The Top 8 IoT Trends For 2018". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  5. 1 2 D. Mistry, P. Modi, K. Deokule, A. Patel, H. Patki and O. Abuzaghleh, "Network traffic measurement and analysis," 2016 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT), Farmingdale, NY, 2016, pp. 1–7.
  6. ↑ Lipsky, Jessica (22 February 2016). "NXP Processor Powers IoT, Networks". EE Times. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  7. ↑ "NXP Unveils World's Smallest and Lowest Power 64-Bit ARM®-based Processor". Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  8. ↑ "Freescale Debuts ARM®-based QorIQ LS Series Communications Processors". Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  9. ↑ "Freescale Debuts ARM®-based QorIQ LS Series Communications Processors". Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  10. ↑ "Freescale Drives IoT Innovation with Highly Reliable and Versatile Gateway Based on the Multicore QorIQ LS1 Processor". otp.investis.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  11. ↑ "MACOM Announces Definitive Agreement to Acquire Mindspeed Technologies (NASDAQ:MTSI)". ir.macom.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  12. ↑ N.V., NXP Semiconductors. "NXP Unveils Advanced TSN-Enabled SoC for Industrial IoT". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  13. ↑ "Freescale Announces the Industry's Most Power-Efficient 64-Bit Arm®-Based Processor for the New Virtual Network". Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  14. ↑ "Press Release|NXP". media.nxp.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  15. ↑ "Freescale makes networking more personal with new ARM-based QorIQ multicore processor solutions that bring ease of performance to the intelligent edge". Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  16. ↑ "Press Release|NXP". media.nxp.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  17. ↑ Markman, Jon. "This Is Why You Need To Learn About Edge Computing". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  18. ↑ Butler, Brandon. "What is edge computing and how it's changing the network". Network World. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  19. 1 2 Freescale announces pin-compatible, power-efficient series in new QorIQ communications platforms – businesswire.com
  20. ↑ P1 Series Single- and Dual-Core Communications Processors – Freescale.com
  21. ↑ P2 Series Single- and dual-core communications processors – Freescale.com
  22. ↑ http://cache.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/fact_sheet/QP3041FS.pdf?fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Fact%20Sheets&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=pdf&WT_ASSET=Documentation
  23. ↑ P4 Series P4080 multicore processor – Freescale.com
  24. ↑ Virtutech page about P4080 simulation support
  25. ↑ 6WIND
  26. ↑ 6WIND's packet processing software
  27. ↑ Freescale introduces industry's first multimode wireless base station processor family that scales from small to large cells, Businesswire.com
  28. ↑ "Freescale Drives Embedded Multicore Innovation with New QorIQ Advanced Multiprocessing Series". Freescale. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
  29. 1 2 3 T4240: QorIQ T Series T4240/T4160 24/16 Virtual Core Communications Processors
  30. ↑ T2080: QorIQ T Series T2080/T2081 Eight Virtual Core Communications Processors
  31. ↑ regular software stack
  32. ↑ http://www.6wind.com/wp-content/uploads/PDF/press/2010/6WIND_Software_Provides_10x_the_Performance.pdf
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