Pugwash, Nova Scotia

Pugwash
Village

Seal
Motto(s): World Famous for Peace
Pugwash
Location of Pugwash in Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45°51′00″N 63°39′40″W / 45.850°N 63.661°W / 45.850; -63.661Coordinates: 45°51′00″N 63°39′40″W / 45.850°N 63.661°W / 45.850; -63.661
Country  Canada
Province  Nova Scotia
County Cumberland
Founded Early 1700s
Electoral Districts     
Federal
Cumberland-Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley
Provincial Cumberland North
Government
 • Governing Body Pugwash Village Commission
 • Chair Charles Gould
 • MLA Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
 • MP Bill Casey (L)
Area
 • Total 9.83 km2 (3.80 sq mi)
Elevation 5 m (16 ft)
Population (2012)
 • Total 736
 • Density 79.7/km2 (206/sq mi)
Time zone ATS
Postal Code B0K 1L0
Area code(s) +1-902-243
Website The Village Of Pugwash

Pugwash (2012 population: 736) is a village in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The village is home to fishing, salt mining, and small-scale manufacturing and is situated on the Northumberland Strait at the mouth of the Pugwash River.

Pugwash takes its name from the native Mi'kmaq word, "Pagweak," meaning "Shallow Water",[1][2] in reference to a reef near the mouth of the harbour, making navigation through the shallow waters difficult.

Pugwash sits atop a salt deposit measuring 457.2 m thick and is home to the largest underground salt mine in Atlantic Canada, with shipments from its port, as well as by rail from a facility at Oxford Junction.

History

Pugwash is famous for being the site of an international conference of scholars organized by Bertrand Russell in 1957, and hosted by Pugwash's native son, steel magnate Cyrus Eaton (1883–1979), at the lodge on property owned by the Pugwash Park Commission located at the north end of Water Street in the village. This conference brought high-level scientists from both sides of the Cold War divide to state their opposition to nuclear weapons. This meeting was a follow-up to an earlier statement of notables whose signatories had included Albert Einstein and Linus Pauling, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto. The name Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs has since been used to refer to the group, although citizens in Pugwash generally term these visitors as the "Great Thinkers."

Visitors entering Pugwash were once greeted by roadside signs announcing that they were entering the "Home of the Thinkers," but the signs have since been replaced by a newer slogan "World Famous for Peace". The switch was made in response to the 1995 awarding of the Nobel Prize to the International Pugwash conferences "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms".

Pugwash Lighthouse looks out onto the Northumberland Strait.

The Crowley Memorial was erected in 1870 at Pugwash, Nova Scotia by the Legislature of Nova Scotia in honour of Mary E. Crowley, who died October 1869, aged 12 years after rescuing her younger brother and sister from a house fire. This is believed to be the first public monument ever erected to a woman in Canada.[3]

A myth about the village is that the children's cartoon character Captain Pugwash was named after the international organisation that takes its name from the town, but the character, a pirate, in fact first appeared in 1950, several years before the planning of the first Pugwash conference took place.

Pugwash is also home to many descendants of Highland Scots who immigrated to the region in the 19th century. All street signs in the town are bilingual, with both English and Gaelic translations. The village celebrates its Scottish heritage each July 1, with the annual Gathering of the Clans and Fisherman's Regatta. The Pugwash area, and indeed the entire north shore of Nova Scotia, is famed for its warm waters and sandy beaches. Some claim the waters in summer here are the warmest waters north of the Carolinas in the United States.

The creation of pewter crafts and souvenirs is another important industry in Pugwash. The village has an elementary school, named after Cyrus Eaton, as well as a regional high school that draws students from around rural Cumberland County. Pugwash has a farmers market that runs on Saturdays during the summer months.

The Pugwash railway station, designed by Sir Sanford Fleming and completed in 1892, is a registered historic site under the Heritage Property Act of Nova Scotia.

Industry

Fisheries

Pugwash sits on the dividing line between two fishing areas making it the only place on the Northumberland Strait to have two fishing seasons. The first one takes place in May and June and the second in mid-August and mid-October. Many boats fish out of the Pugwash harbour, carrying up to 300 lobster traps at a time.[4]

Mining

Pugwash is home of the Canadian Salt Mine Co. Ltd,[5] the only salt mine and only underground mine in Nova Scotia. This mine has been open since 1959. The majority of the mine runs under the Pugwash River, some under solid ground, but none under the village. The plant produces industrial grades salt, salt blocks for farm use and refined salt for domestic consumption. The mine produces approximately 1,200,000 tones of salt per year. The salt is distributed by road or from the company owned ship-loading facility for which large ships can be seen in the harbour from early spring to late autumn.[6]

Climate

Climate data for Pugwash (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.0
(64.4)		 17.0
(62.6)		 19.0
(66.2)		 25.5
(77.9)		 32.2
(90)		 33.5
(92.3)		 36.0
(96.8)		 35.0
(95)		 32.5
(90.5)		 26.5
(79.7)		 23.0
(73.4)		 16.5
(61.7)		 36.0
(96.8)
Average high °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 2.5
(36.5)		 8.4
(47.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 21.0
(69.8)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 19.8
(67.6)		 13.3
(55.9)		 7.3
(45.1)		 1.2
(34.2)		 11.2
(52.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2)		 −6
(21)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 4.3
(39.7)		 10.6
(51.1)		 15.9
(60.6)		 19.8
(67.6)		 19.4
(66.9)		 15.3
(59.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 3.7
(38.7)		 −2.8
(27)		 6.7
(44.1)
Average low °C (°F) −11.8
(10.8)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 0.2
(32.4)		 5.8
(42.4)		 10.8
(51.4)		 14.8
(58.6)		 14.5
(58.1)		 10.8
(51.4)		 5.2
(41.4)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 2.3
(36.1)
Record low °C (°F) −33.0
(−27.4)		 −37.0
(−34.6)		 −27.5
(−17.5)		 −13.0
(8.6)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 2.8
(37)		 3.0
(37.4)		 −5.0
(23)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −20.0
(−4)		 −29.0
(−20.2)		 −37.0
(−34.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 88.1
(3.469)		 64.8
(2.551)		 77.4
(3.047)		 81.9
(3.224)		 95.3
(3.752)		 81.5
(3.209)		 72.7
(2.862)		 78.5
(3.091)		 98.1
(3.862)		 103.8
(4.087)		 99.7
(3.925)		 96.4
(3.795)		 1,038.2
(40.874)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 40.1
(1.579)		 26.4
(1.039)		 41.9
(1.65)		 69.6
(2.74)		 93.9
(3.697)		 81.5
(3.209)		 72.7
(2.862)		 78.5
(3.091)		 98.1
(3.862)		 103.8
(4.087)		 91.2
(3.591)		 57.7
(2.272)		 855.4
(33.677)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 47.9
(18.86)		 38.5
(15.16)		 35.5
(13.98)		 12.3
(4.84)		 1.4
(0.55)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 8.5
(3.35)		 38.8
(15.28)		 182.8
(71.97)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 12.2 10.3 12.7 13.9 14.3 13.0 11.8 11.3 11.9 14.0 15.5 14.0 154.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.8 4.0 7.5 12.5 14.3 13.0 11.8 11.3 11.9 14.0 14.1 8.2 127.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 7.7 6.7 6.3 2.7 0.25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 6.3 32.0
Source: Environment Canada[7]

Notable people

Parks

  • Gulf Shore Provincial Park
  • Heather Beach Provincial Park [9]
The Northumberland Strait from the Gulf Shore Rd in the Pugwash area.

References

  1. ↑ Cumberland County Facts and Folklore - Laurie Glenn Norris, 2009, Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-1-55109-731-2
  2. ↑ Ganong, William Francis, An organization of the scientific investigation of the Indian place-nomenclature of the Maritime Provinces of Canada p285 (Ottawa : Printed for the Royal Society of Canada, 1914: text at Columbia University Library Digital Collections)
  3. ↑ Morgan, Henry James, ed. (1903). Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 65.
  4. ↑ "Industry". www.pugwashvillage.com. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
  5. ↑ "Home - Windsor Salt". Windsor Salt. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
  6. ↑ "Industry". www.pugwashvillage.com. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
  7. ↑ "Pugwash, Nova Scotia". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  8. ↑ Charles Aubrey Eaton, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 9, 2007.
  9. ↑ "Heather Beach | Nova Scotia Provincial Parks". parks.novascotia.ca. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
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