Prime Minister of Indonesia

Prime Minister of Indonesia
Sutan Sjahrir, first Prime Minister of Indonesia
Appointer President
Precursor None
Formation 14 November 1945
First holder Sutan Sjahrir
Final holder Raden Djuanda Kartawidjaja (official)
Sukarno (unofficial)
Abolished 9 July 1959 (Constitutional basis revoked)
25 July 1966 (Resignation of Sukarno)
Succession None

Indonesia, in its various incarnations, had the position of Prime Minister (Indonesian: Perdana Menteri Republik Indonesia) from 1945 until 1966. During this period, the Prime Minister was in charge of the Cabinet of Indonesia, one of the three branches of government along with the Central Indonesian National Committee and the President. Following his 1959 decree, President Sukarno assumed the role and powers of Prime Minister until his resignation in 1966.

Background

The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia states that Indonesia is built around a presidential system; as such, there were no constitutional provisions for a Prime Minister. Nevertheless, beginning in 1945 a Prime Minister was chosen to head the Cabinet.[1] The position of Prime Minister was subsequently guaranteed by Article 52 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950.[2]

The Prime Minister, chosen by the President, was tasked with handling routine government business and being in charge of the Cabinet, responsible to the President and Vice President.[1]

In practice, the Prime Minister was responsible to the Working Body of the Central Indonesian National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, or KNIP) and had to consult the President before making any major decisions. If the Prime Minister came into conflict with the KNIP or President, another could be chosen.[3]

Due to the instability of the coalition Cabinets, Prime Ministers often faced votes of no confidence. Every major policy change had a chance to be opposed, either by the government or opposition. As such, some Cabinets lasted only a few months.[4]

On 5 July 1959, Sukarno issued a Presidential Decree declaring that, due to the inability of the Konstituante to reach a two-thirds majority, the 1945 Constitution would be reinstated; this removed the constitutional foundation for the office of Prime Minister. However, on 9 July of that same year, Sukarno took on the title of Prime Minister in addition to the Presidency;[5] later using the phrase "I am President and Prime Minister" as a dominant message in his speeches.[6] After the abortive coup against the government in 1965 and the release of a document transferring all political power to Suharto, Sukarno lost the title of Prime Minister together with the Presidency.[7]

Key

List of Prime Ministers of Indonesia

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of Office Political Party President(s)
1 Sutan Sjahrir
(1909–1966)		 14 November 19453 July 1947 Socialist Party Sukarno
2 Amir Sjarifuddin
(1907–1948)		 3 July 194729 January 1948 Socialist Party
3 Mohammad Hatta
(1902–1980)[8]		 29 January 19485 September 1950 Non-partisan
— Susanto Tirtoprodjo
(1900–1969)
(Acting)		 29 January 194816 January 1950 Non-partisan
4 Abdul Halim
(1911–1988)		 16 January 19505 September 1950 Non-partisan
5 Mohammad Natsir
(1908–1993)		 5 September 195026 April 1951 Masyumi Party
6 Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
(1898–1974)		 26 April 19511 April 1952 Masyumi Party
7 Wilopo
(1908–1981)		 1 April 195230 July 1953 Indonesian National Party
8 Ali Sastroamidjojo
(1903–1976)		 30 July 195311 August 1955 Indonesian National Party
9 Burhanuddin Harahap
(1917–1987)		 11 August 195520 March 1956 Masyumi Party
(8) Ali Sastroamidjojo
(1903–1976)		 20 March 19569 April 1957 Indonesian National Party
10 Djuanda Kartawidjaja
(1911–1963)		 9 April 19579 July 1959 Non-partisan
11 Sukarno
(1901–1970)[9]		 9 July 195925 July 1966 Non-partisan

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. 1 2 Abdullah 2009, p. 129
  2. ↑ "Undang-Undang Republik Serikat Nomor 7 Tahun 1950 tentang Perubahan Konstitusi Sementara Republik Indonesia Serika Mendjadi Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara Republik Indonesia" [Law of the United Republic Number 7 of the Year 1950 regarding the Change of the Provisional Constitution of the United Republic of Indonesia to Become the Basic Laws of the Indonesian Republic] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia. 15 August 1950. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  3. ↑ Abdullah 2009, p. 130
  4. ↑ Abudllah 2009, p. 245
  5. ↑ Ricklefs 2001, p. 322
  6. ↑ Abdullah 2009, p. 347
  7. ↑ Ricklefs 2001, p. 351
  8. ↑ Dutch prisoner from 19 December 1948 to 13 July 1949
  9. ↑ President, self-appointed as Prime Minister
Bibliography

  • Abdullah, Taufik (2009). Indonesia: Towards Democracy. Singapore: Institute of South-East Asian Studies. ISBN 981-230-365-0. OCLC 646982290. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  • Ricklefs, M. C. (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200 (3rd ed.). Hampshire, England: Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-24380-3. OCLC 49030264. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
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